53 research outputs found

    Characterization of a novel bacteriumoriginating from a biogas process

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    An anaerobic bacterium, isolated from an enrichment culture originating from a biogas reactor operating at high ammonia conditions, was characterised via various tests. An analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed that the closest relative was Desulfotomaculum halophilum with 92,5 % similarity. The isolated bacterium had a narrow substrate range and only used three compounds for growth, which of pyruvate was the optimal, used as a substrate for most inoculations in this study. Lactate was also tested as substrate, together with sulphate to evaluate if the isolate could use it as an electron acceptor. Neither of those inoculations formed growth. The bacterium ferments pyruvate and acetate are formed. It is a gram positive mesophilic bacterium and growth was measured between 25 °C and 38.5 °C. It grows well in high concentrations of ammonia, tested up to 0.24 M, and can also grow in high sodium salinity, here tested until 0.18 M. Microscopic analyses showed that the cells are rod shaped and they move by twisting around. The described bacterium is most likely a new species

    ADAMTS1 alters blood vessel morphology and TSP1 levels in LNCaP and LNCaP-19 prostate tumors

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Decreased expression of the angiogenesis inhibitor ADAMTS1 (ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 1) has previously been reported during prostate cancer progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of ADAMTS1 in prostate tumors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>ADAMTS1 was downregulated by shRNA technology in the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP (androgen-dependent), originally expressing ADAMTS1, and was upregulated by transfection in its subline LNCaP-19 (androgen-independent), expressing low levels of ADAMTS1. Cells were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice and tumor growth, microvessel density (MVD), blood vessel morphology, pericyte coverage and thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) were studied in the tumor xenografts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Modified expression of ADAMTS1 resulted in altered blood vessel morphology in the tumors. Low expression levels of ADAMTS1 were associated with small diameter blood vessels both in LNCaP and LNCaP-19 tumors, while high levels of ADAMTS1 were associated with larger vessels. In addition, TSP1 levels in the tumor xenografts were inversely related to ADAMTS1 expression. MVD and pericyte coverage were not affected. Moreover, upregulation of ADAMTS1 inhibited tumor growth of LNCaP-19, as evidenced by delayed tumor establishment. In contrast, downregulation of ADAMTS1 in LNCaP resulted in reduced tumor growth rate.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The present study demonstrates that ADAMTS1 is an important regulatory factor of angiogenesis and tumor growth in prostate tumors, where modified ADAMTS1 expression resulted in markedly changed blood vessel morphology, possibly related to altered TSP1 levels.</p

    LÀrares roll och utmaningar i arbetet med barns tidiga skolövergÄngar

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    In educational settings transitions are significant events in a child’s learning and development. That children encounter new contexts and transitions within and between different types of schooling and pedagogical levels may be seen as a natural part of both life and the educational period. At the same time transitions bring change, adjustment, possibilities, and challenges. The problem area and starting point for this thesis is the change that occurs during times of transition, where the teacher is the central figure in the everyday work. The areas of interest are the two transitions where pre-school, pre-school class, and year 1 of primary school meet, and the question is what role teachers’ work have in children’s transition between these forms of schooling as well as the contributing factors in how the work is shaped. The aim of the thesis is to deepen the understanding of teachers’ didactical work in children’s transition between different forms of schooling. Attention is brought to the obstacles and possibilities presented in teachers’ didactical work in children’s transitions, what factors are of importance to the ability to work with children’s transitions, and in what way teacher’s work with children’s transitions has an impact on children in need of extra adaptions or special support. The theoretical basis for the study is Bronfenbrenners (1979) ecological model and Bronfenbrenner and Morris (1998; 2006) bioecological model. The focus of this thesis is the children’s transformation through the experiences and preconditions that the teachers and school managers have accounted for. The empirical data have been collected through focused group conversations with teachers and interviews with teachers and school managers. The results show that the teachers’ didactical work with children’s transitions is a complex process. The study shows that sharing of information, relationship-creating processes, guidance, and organizational preconditions contribute to the fact that different conditions are created for children in the teachers’ transition work. Teachers are affected by different factors and processes that they need to adhere to which the teachers more or less can affect, creating both obstacles and possibilities in the everyday work with children’s transitions. The factors and processes which have emerged affect the teachers’ work and highlights not only system levels but also the fact that there are connections between different components that affect each other. From an ecological perspective the role of the teachers involves a dynamic process in which the individual, the process and the context interact in various ways.  Key words: ecological theory, pre-school, pre-school class, primary school, teacher’s work, transition, transitional activitiesÖvergĂ„ngar i utbildningssammanhang Ă€r betydelsefulla hĂ€ndelser i barns lĂ€rande och utveckling. Att barn möter nya sammanhang och övergĂ„ngar inom och mellan olika skolformer och pedagogiska nivĂ„er kan tyckas vara en naturlig del av livet och utbildningstiden. Samtidigt innebĂ€r övergĂ„ngar bĂ„de förĂ€ndring, anpassning, möjligheter och utmaningar. ProblemomrĂ„det och utgĂ„ngspunkten för den hĂ€r avhandlingen tar avstamp i den förĂ€ndring som barns övergĂ„ngar innebĂ€r och dĂ€r lĂ€raren stĂ„r i centrum för det vardagliga arbetet. Intresset Ă€r de tvĂ„ övergĂ„ngarna dĂ€r förskola, förskoleklass och Ă„rskurs 1 möts, och frĂ„gan Ă€r vilken roll lĂ€rare har i arbetet med barns övergĂ„ngar mellan dessa skolformer och vad som bidrar till hur arbetet gestaltas. Syftet med föreliggande avhandling Ă€r att fördjupa förstĂ„elsen av lĂ€rares didaktiska arbete med barns övergĂ„ngar mellan skolformer. UppmĂ€rksamhet riktas mot vilka hinder och möjligheter som framtrĂ€der i lĂ€rares didaktiska arbete med barns övergĂ„ngar, vilka faktorer Ă€r av betydelse för lĂ€rarnas förutsĂ€ttningar att arbeta med barns övergĂ„ngar, och pĂ„ vilket sĂ€tt fĂ„r lĂ€rares arbete med övergĂ„ngar betydelse för barn med olika förutsĂ€ttningar och behov. Studien har som teoretisk utgĂ„ngspunkt Bronfenbrenners (1979) ekologiska modell och Bronfenbrenner och Morris (1998; 2006) bioekologiska modell. I den hĂ€r avhandlingen Ă€r fokus pĂ„ barns övergĂ„ngar utifrĂ„n de erfarenheter och förutsĂ€ttningar som lĂ€rarna och skolcheferna redogör för. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom fokuserade gruppsamtal med lĂ€rare och intervjuer med lĂ€rare och skolchefer.  Resultaten visar att lĂ€rarnas didaktiska arbete med barns övergĂ„ngar Ă€r en komplex process. Studien visar att informationsöverföring, relationsskapande arbete, styrning och organisatoriska förutsĂ€ttningar bidrar till att olika villkor skapas för barns i lĂ€rarnas arbete med övergĂ„ngar. LĂ€rarna pĂ„verkas av olika faktorer och processer som de behöver förhĂ„lla sig till och som lĂ€rarna mer eller mindre kan pĂ„verka vilket skapar sĂ„vĂ€l hinder och möjligheter som dilemman i lĂ€rarnas vardagsarbete med barns övergĂ„ngar. Faktorer och processer som lĂ€rarna fört fram som centrala och som behandlats i denna studie Ă€r sĂ„dana som de sjĂ€lva kan pĂ„verka i nĂ„got avseende, till exempel det relationsskapande arbetet. LĂ€rarna för Ă€ven fram faktorer som de inte direkt kan förĂ€ndra, och som befinner sig pĂ„ mer övergripande systemnivĂ„er, till exempel skolindelning, resurstilldelning eller sena lĂ€rartillsĂ€ttningar. De faktorer och processer som framtrĂ€tt pĂ„verkar lĂ€rarnas arbete och synliggör inte bara systemnivĂ„er utan ocksĂ„ att det finns förbindelser mellan olika komponenter som pĂ„verkar varandra. Interaktionen dom emellan Ă€r framtrĂ€dand

    The Social Dilemma in Generation Z's Consumption

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    Today's society is characterized by consumption and materialism, with e-commerce contributing to increased availability of products and services, leading to overconsumption. Generation Z is an environmentally conscious generation, but previous research claims this is not always reflected in their consumption behavior. The aim of the study is to gain an increased understanding of how factors such as individual intentions, social influences and the dilemma between individuals and the collective interest affect the purchasing behavior of Generation Z. By examining the factors the study aims to contribute to and increase understanding of why Generation Z's attitude to sustainable consumption is not always reflected in their purchasing behavior. We examine this using the Theory of Planned Behavior, the social dilemma, and purchasing behavior. We worked with a convenience sample, limiting Generation Z to the ages 2002-1997. This delimitation is based on the conditions of strong purchasing power and personal responsibility for consumption that the older members of the generation possess. A qualitative method was used in the study, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. From the 18 interviews conducted, transcription and coding created a result that through analysis led to our conclusions. The study's results show that Generation Z has a lack of knowledge about sustainable consumption and experiences significant pressure from marketing to consume more. The results also show that the decisive factor for changing Generation Z's consumption behavior towards sustainability is influence from close ones. The study has contributed to an increased understanding of why Generation Z's environmental awareness is not always reflected in their consumption behavior and what is required for them to focus on sustainability and the environment in their consumption

    LÀrares roll och utmaningar i arbetet med barns tidiga skolövergÄngar

    No full text
    In educational settings transitions are significant events in a child’s learning and development. That children encounter new contexts and transitions within and between different types of schooling and pedagogical levels may be seen as a natural part of both life and the educational period. At the same time transitions bring change, adjustment, possibilities, and challenges. The problem area and starting point for this thesis is the change that occurs during times of transition, where the teacher is the central figure in the everyday work. The areas of interest are the two transitions where pre-school, pre-school class, and year 1 of primary school meet, and the question is what role teachers’ work have in children’s transition between these forms of schooling as well as the contributing factors in how the work is shaped. The aim of the thesis is to deepen the understanding of teachers’ didactical work in children’s transition between different forms of schooling. Attention is brought to the obstacles and possibilities presented in teachers’ didactical work in children’s transitions, what factors are of importance to the ability to work with children’s transitions, and in what way teacher’s work with children’s transitions has an impact on children in need of extra adaptions or special support. The theoretical basis for the study is Bronfenbrenners (1979) ecological model and Bronfenbrenner and Morris (1998; 2006) bioecological model. The focus of this thesis is the children’s transformation through the experiences and preconditions that the teachers and school managers have accounted for. The empirical data have been collected through focused group conversations with teachers and interviews with teachers and school managers. The results show that the teachers’ didactical work with children’s transitions is a complex process. The study shows that sharing of information, relationship-creating processes, guidance, and organizational preconditions contribute to the fact that different conditions are created for children in the teachers’ transition work. Teachers are affected by different factors and processes that they need to adhere to which the teachers more or less can affect, creating both obstacles and possibilities in the everyday work with children’s transitions. The factors and processes which have emerged affect the teachers’ work and highlights not only system levels but also the fact that there are connections between different components that affect each other. From an ecological perspective the role of the teachers involves a dynamic process in which the individual, the process and the context interact in various ways.  Key words: ecological theory, pre-school, pre-school class, primary school, teacher’s work, transition, transitional activitiesÖvergĂ„ngar i utbildningssammanhang Ă€r betydelsefulla hĂ€ndelser i barns lĂ€rande och utveckling. Att barn möter nya sammanhang och övergĂ„ngar inom och mellan olika skolformer och pedagogiska nivĂ„er kan tyckas vara en naturlig del av livet och utbildningstiden. Samtidigt innebĂ€r övergĂ„ngar bĂ„de förĂ€ndring, anpassning, möjligheter och utmaningar. ProblemomrĂ„det och utgĂ„ngspunkten för den hĂ€r avhandlingen tar avstamp i den förĂ€ndring som barns övergĂ„ngar innebĂ€r och dĂ€r lĂ€raren stĂ„r i centrum för det vardagliga arbetet. Intresset Ă€r de tvĂ„ övergĂ„ngarna dĂ€r förskola, förskoleklass och Ă„rskurs 1 möts, och frĂ„gan Ă€r vilken roll lĂ€rare har i arbetet med barns övergĂ„ngar mellan dessa skolformer och vad som bidrar till hur arbetet gestaltas. Syftet med föreliggande avhandling Ă€r att fördjupa förstĂ„elsen av lĂ€rares didaktiska arbete med barns övergĂ„ngar mellan skolformer. UppmĂ€rksamhet riktas mot vilka hinder och möjligheter som framtrĂ€der i lĂ€rares didaktiska arbete med barns övergĂ„ngar, vilka faktorer Ă€r av betydelse för lĂ€rarnas förutsĂ€ttningar att arbeta med barns övergĂ„ngar, och pĂ„ vilket sĂ€tt fĂ„r lĂ€rares arbete med övergĂ„ngar betydelse för barn med olika förutsĂ€ttningar och behov. Studien har som teoretisk utgĂ„ngspunkt Bronfenbrenners (1979) ekologiska modell och Bronfenbrenner och Morris (1998; 2006) bioekologiska modell. I den hĂ€r avhandlingen Ă€r fokus pĂ„ barns övergĂ„ngar utifrĂ„n de erfarenheter och förutsĂ€ttningar som lĂ€rarna och skolcheferna redogör för. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom fokuserade gruppsamtal med lĂ€rare och intervjuer med lĂ€rare och skolchefer.  Resultaten visar att lĂ€rarnas didaktiska arbete med barns övergĂ„ngar Ă€r en komplex process. Studien visar att informationsöverföring, relationsskapande arbete, styrning och organisatoriska förutsĂ€ttningar bidrar till att olika villkor skapas för barns i lĂ€rarnas arbete med övergĂ„ngar. LĂ€rarna pĂ„verkas av olika faktorer och processer som de behöver förhĂ„lla sig till och som lĂ€rarna mer eller mindre kan pĂ„verka vilket skapar sĂ„vĂ€l hinder och möjligheter som dilemman i lĂ€rarnas vardagsarbete med barns övergĂ„ngar. Faktorer och processer som lĂ€rarna fört fram som centrala och som behandlats i denna studie Ă€r sĂ„dana som de sjĂ€lva kan pĂ„verka i nĂ„got avseende, till exempel det relationsskapande arbetet. LĂ€rarna för Ă€ven fram faktorer som de inte direkt kan förĂ€ndra, och som befinner sig pĂ„ mer övergripande systemnivĂ„er, till exempel skolindelning, resurstilldelning eller sena lĂ€rartillsĂ€ttningar. De faktorer och processer som framtrĂ€tt pĂ„verkar lĂ€rarnas arbete och synliggör inte bara systemnivĂ„er utan ocksĂ„ att det finns förbindelser mellan olika komponenter som pĂ„verkar varandra. Interaktionen dom emellan Ă€r framtrĂ€dand

    Att leva med huvud- och halscancer

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    Background: Cancer in the head and neck region is an unusual form of cancer. The treatment for this cancer can cause permanent damage to vital functions. Nurses' have expressed frustration about feeling insufficient to accommodate the patients' needs. Patients' with head and neck cancer are reported to have low quality of life. Aim Describe patients' experiences of undergoing treatment of cancer in the head and/or neck region. Method: A qualitative systematic literature review with descriptive approach of qualitative articles. Result: Undergoing treatment for cancer in the head and neck region created challenges for the patients'. Many patients' have had experienced that the time between the diagnose and treatment went fast. The treatment caused side effects that led to constraints in daily life and many created a new identity because they did not recognize themselves in the same way as before the diagnose. Patients became dependent to the medical care and made them omitted to others. They had to handle a new life situation, and to manage that, the patients created strategies. Conclusion: The treatment provided side effects that affected the everyday lives of the patients. The side effects impacted on patients both physically, psychologically, socially and existentially. More knowledge is needed in order to improve the health care for patients with head and neck cancer

    Designing an Online Stroke Training Program for Healthcare Professionals: Enactment and Recall

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    E-learning within the healthcare sector is increasing in use and popularity. Implementing an online training program is especially useful in healthcare sectors where the working environment often is stressful since it allows for some flexibility. This thesis investigates how an online training program can be constructed accounting for healthcare professionals’ (HCP) needs in their use of a stroke diagnosis and rehabilitation tool, and specifically how using enactment when completing the training program affects subsequent recall after a 24-hour delay compared to not using enactment. The study consisted of two parts, a survey of current users’ experiences of a stroke diagnosis and rehabilitation tool and a quasi-experiment. The survey included 19 experienced occupational therapists and physiotherapists and revealed insights to training satisfaction, usability challenges and desired improvements. Partly based on the results from the initial survey, a subsequent online stroke training program was developed and tested in a quasi-experiment involving 16 healthcare students out of which eight enacted actions and eight did not enact during training. The online training program consisted of videos, text and knowledge and subjective experience questions. After a 24-hour delay a final questionnaire containing training contents questions was distributed. The results showed no significant difference in recall between the groups on factual knowledge of the tool. A slight difference in favor of the enactment design in one of the questions assessing participants' confidence was found. Further research on how enactment affects knowledge versus subjective experience questions with larger samples is suggested.

    Asset management in Swedish non-life insurance companies : Before and after Solvency II

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    Bakgrund: 1 januari 2013 kommer Direktivet (2009/138/EG) för Solvens II att implementeras. Detta kommer ske samtidigt inom Europeiska Unionen (EU) och kommer leda till en harmonisering av försĂ€kringslagstiftning i medlemsstaterna. Tidigare svensk lagstiftning, FörsĂ€kringsrörelselagen (2010:2043), kommer med andra ord att anpassas till det nya regelverket. RegelĂ€ndring kan komma att pĂ„verka svenska försĂ€kringsbolags bedrivna kapitalförvaltning. Syfte: Syftet med studien Ă€r att undersöka om svenska försĂ€kringsbolag utifrĂ„n rĂ„dande lagstiftning kan bedriva en, enligt finansiell teori, rationell kapitalförvaltning och om möjligheten till att bedriva en rationell kapitalförvaltning kommer att förĂ€ndras i och med implementeringen av Solvens II. Genomförande: En genomgĂ„ng av dagens regelverk, FörsĂ€kringsrörelselagen, samt Direktivet (2009/138/EG) för Solvens II kommer att presenteras. Utöver detta har fem stycken intervjuer med svenska försĂ€kringsbolag genomförts. Slutsats: Dagens lagstiftning ger inte möjligheter till att bedriva en rationell kapitalförvaltning fullt ut. Solvens II kommer att förbĂ€ttra försĂ€kringsbolagens möjligheter att bedriva en rationell kapitalförvaltning. FörsĂ€kringsbolagen bedriver idag en förvaltning som till stor del kan anses vara rationell utifrĂ„n finansiell teori. Dock finns det vissa omrĂ„den inom förvaltningen som skiljer sig frĂ„n teorins bild.Background: January 1, 2013, Directive (2009/138/EC) of Solvency II will be implemented. This will take place simultaneously in the European Union (EU) and will lead to a harmonization of insurance laws of the member states. Former Swedish legislation, FörsĂ€kringsrörelselagen (2010:2043), will therefore be adapted to the new framework. The rule change may affect Swedish insurance companies’ asset management. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to examine if Swedish insurance companies can apply rational asset management theory when Solvency II is implemented and if changes will occur in the asset management strategies. Implementation: A review of current regulations, FörsĂ€kringsrörelselagen (2010:2043), and Directive (2009/138/EC) of Solvency II will be presented. In addition, five interviews with Swedish insurance companies have been done. Conclusion: The current legislation does not provide opportunities to fully apply rational asset management. Solvency II will improve the insurance companies' ability to pursue a rational asset management. The asset management in Swedish insurance companies currently adopts strategies that to high extent comply with generally accepted financial theories. However, there are certain areas within the asset management that deviate from these financial theories

    What could make consumers ’walk the talk’ in sustainable consumption?

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    Syftet med denna uppsats Ă€r att bygga vidare pĂ„ den tidigare forskningen inom hĂ„llbar konsumtion och skapa en förstĂ„else för hur konsumenten pĂ„verkas i valet att gĂ„ ifrĂ„n en positiv attityd till handling i köpprocessen. Tonvikten av studien kommer placeras pĂ„ den sociala pĂ„verkan och Ă€mnar ge en ingĂ„ende bild av dess innebörd i valet av att handla hĂ„llbara livsmedel.   En kvantitativ studie genomfördes dĂ€r primĂ€rdata samlades in genom en enkĂ€tundersökning vilket resulterade i 304 giltiga svar. Studien baserades pĂ„ en mĂ€ngd vetenskapliga artiklar inom Ă€mnet hĂ„llbar konsumtion och nĂ€rmare bestĂ€mt attityd-handlingsgapet.     De undersökta pĂ„verkansfaktorerna social pĂ„verkan, pris, upplevd effekt och tillgĂ€nglighet visade sig ha olika stark inverkan pĂ„ respondenterna, med endast pris och upplevd effekt som signifikant betydelse att pĂ„verka beteendegapet gĂ€llande attityd och handling. Social pĂ„verkan uppnĂ„dde ingen signifikans i att ha en betydelse för konsumentens attityd till handling. Vid en nĂ€rmare undersökning av social pĂ„verkan pĂ„visades skillnader inom denna variabel, dĂ€r familjens tyckande och den rĂ„dande The purpose of this study is to extend knowledge in previous research conducted within sustainable consumption and create a deeper understanding how different factors affect the customer in the buying process. The emphasis in the study is to enhance the understanding regarding effects from social norms in the process of a sustainable food consumption.    A quantitative study was conducted where the primary data was gathered through an online survey. The survey resulted in a total of 304 valid responses. The study was based on previous scientific articles related to the area of sustainable food consumption and the attitude-behaviur gap.   The examined factors regarding social influence, perceived customer effectiveness, availability and price had different impacts in reducing the gap, but only price and perceived customer effectiveness proved significant regarding attitude and actions in the behavior gap. Social influence had the least impact on customers’ decisions to buy sustainable food, however in a further analysis family and current trends had some impact.
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