417 research outputs found
Threat of falling high status and corporate bribery: Evidence from the revealed accounting records of two South Korean presidents
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142958/1/smj2747-sup-0001-SuppInfo.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142958/2/smj2747.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142958/3/smj2747_am.pd
The Importance of Context and Cognitive Agency in Developing Police Knowledge: Going Beyond the Police Science Discourse
This paper argues the current exposition of police knowledge through the discourses of police science and evidenced based policing (EBP) leads to exaggerated claims about what is, and can be, known in policing. This new orthodoxy underestimates the challenges of applying knowledge within culturally-mediated police practice. The paper draws upon virtue epistemology highlighting the role cognitive agency plays in establishing knowledge claims. We challenge the assumption that it is possible to derive what works in all instances of certain aspects of policing and suggest it would be more apt to speak about what worked within a specific police context
Examining the demographic profile and attitudes of citizens, in areas where organised crime groups proliferate
Whilst studies refer to the community impact of Organized Crime (OC), no survey currently exists to examine the views of those citizens who reside in areas where Organized Crime Groups (OCGs) proliferate. 431 questionnaires from households co-existing in high density OCGs areas were analysed in relation to: a) demographic information; b) views on the community and the police; and c) how they expected other residents to react to illegal incidents. Overall respondents thought the average citizen would refuse to intervene in 10% - 48% of illegal incidents, with the specific case influencing whether and how they would respond. The analysis then compared three communities who lived in high density OCG areas with a control community (n=343). The âOCGâ communities were more likely to report low collective efficacy and were least likely to expect their neighbours to confront a crime in action. Conversely, whilst the control group showed higher levels of collective efficacy and expected the average resident more likely to confront illegal behaviour, this trend did not extend to street drug dealing and serious crime associated with OC. The study discusses the unreported intimidation associated with OCGs and the challenges of policing hostile environments
An Information Theory Approach to Hypothesis Testing in Criminological Research
Background: This research demonstrates how the Akaike information criterion (AIC) can be an alternative to null hypothesis significance testing in selecting best fitting models. It presents an example to illustrate how AIC can be used in this way.
Methods: Using data from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, we test models of place-based predictor variables on street robbery and commercial robbery. We build models to balance explanatory power and parsimony. Measures include the presence of different kinds of businesses, together with selected age groups and social disadvantage.
Results: Models including place-based measures of land use emerged as the best models among the set of tested models. These were superior to models that included measures of age and socioeconomic status. The best models for commercial and street robbery include three measures of ordinary businesses, liquor stores, and spatial lag.
Conclusions: Models based on information theory offer a useful alternative to significance testing when a strong theoretical framework guides the selection of model sets. Theoretically relevant âordinary businessesâ have a greater influence on robbery than socioeconomic variables and most measures of discretionary businesses
Where did it all go wrong? Implementation failure - and more - in a field experiment of procedural justice policing
Objectives: This paper presents the findings from a retrospectively conducted qualitative
process evaluation to the Scottish Community Engagement Trial (ScotCET). The study explores
the unanticipated results of a randomised field trial testing the effect of âprocedurally justâ
modes of road policing on public perceptions of police. The ScotCET intervention failed to
produce the hypothesised results, producing instead significant, and unexplained, negative
effects on key aspects of public perception. The present study seeks to examine, from the
perspectives of officers implementing the experiment, what the impacts (intended or
otherwise) of participation were.
Methods: Group interviews were held within the ScotCET experiment âunitsâ to explore how
officers had collectively interpreted and framed ScotCET, and responded as a group to its
requirements/ demands. Nine groups were held over a 5 month period post experiment
completion.
Results: Findings indicate that communication breakdowns during the ScotCET implementation
led to misunderstandings of its aims and objectives, and of the requirements placed on officers.
Within a context of organisational reform and perceived organizational âinjusticeâ, commonly
cited aspects of police culture were invoked to facilitate officer non-compliance with aspects of
the experimental intervention, leading to implementation failures, and, possibly, a diffuse
negative effect on the attitudes and behaviours of experiment officers.
Conclusions: Organizational structures and processes, and coercive top-down direction, are
insufficient to ensure successful implementation of policing research, and, by implication,
policing reforms, particularly those that demand alternative ways of âdoingâ policing and âseeingâ
citizens. Greater investment in organisational justice and encouraging openness to evidence-led
knowledge is needed to promote change
Portraying the nature of corruption: Using an explorative case-study design
What is the nature of corruption in Western democracies? To answer this research question, the authors study 10 Dutch corruption cases in depth, looking at confidential criminal files. The cases allow them to sketch a general profile of a corruption case. The authors offer nine propositions to portray the nature of corruption. They conclude that corruption usually takes place within enduring relationships, that the process of becoming corrupt can be characterized as a slippery slope, and that important motives for corruption, aside from material gain, include friendship or love, status, and the desire to impress others. The explorative multiple case study methodology helps to expand our understanding of the way in which officials become corrupt. © 2008 The American Society for Public Administration
Extending the remit of evidence-based policing
Evidence-based policing (EBP) is an important strand of the UKâs College of Policingâs Police Education Qualifications Framework (PEQF), itself a component of a professionalisation agenda. This article argues that the two dominant approaches to EBP, experimental criminology and crime science, offer limited scope for the development of a comprehensive knowledge base for policing. Although both approaches share a common commitment to the values of science, each recognizes their limited coverage of policing topics. The fundamental difference between them is what each considers âbestâ evidence. This article critically examines the generation of evidence by these two approaches and proposes an extension to the range of issues EBP should cover by utilizing a greater plurality of methods to exploit relevant research. Widening the scope of EBP would provide a broader foundational framework for inclusion in the PEQF and offers the potential for identifying gaps in the research, constructing blocks for knowledge building, and syllabus development in higher level police education
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