63 research outputs found

    Forced Medical Treatment of Pregnant Women: Compelling Each to Live as Seems Good to the Rest

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    This Article addresses the question of when, if ever, it is ethically and legally permissible to compel a competent, pregnant woman to undergo medical treatment for the sake of her fetus. The Article begins with a discussion of the various clinical situations in which maternal-fetal conflict may arise and the perceptions of clinicians faced with a maternal refusal of treatment. It then explores the ethical questions raised if a physician were to compel a pregnant woman to undergo treatment for the benefit of her fetus. This discussion is followed by an investigation of the legal status of the fetus and the legal interests of the pregnant woman. The Article concludes that pregnant women should not be legally compelled by judges, doctors, or society to accept medical treatment against their wishes

    To Market, to Market: The Supervisory Skills and Managerial Competencies Most Valued by New Library Supervisors

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    ALA-accredited schools of library and information science produce several thousand new librarians yearly, and many of these graduates are assigned supervisory responsibilities relatively early in their careers. Most have responsibility for facilitating the work of others, preparing budgets, planning and evaluating programs, making staffing decisions, and maintaining the safety and security of assets that include funds, related property, and library buildings. Others find themselves in leadership roles that require interfacing with other organizations, mobilizing community support, and representing their organizations to their users and supporters. Experience suggests that the approach of these librarians to their supervisory duties and the success of their efforts will have a strong influence on their job satisfaction, the productivity and job satisfaction of those whom they supervise, and the quality of services their organizations provide.1 Yet there is little recent information that focuses on the knowledge and behaviors that new supervisors associate with successful supervision in library settings or the resources and training experiences that currently facilitate their transition. The data reported here reflect an initial effort to remedy this situation through an informal study undertaken by the LAMA Education Committee

    Toward improving practices for submission of diagnostic tissue blocks for National Cancer Institute clinical trials

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    OBJECTIVES: The National Cancer Institute (NCI) National Clinical Trials Network performs phase II and III clinical trials, which increasingly rely on the submission of diagnostic formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks for biomarker assessment. Simultaneously, advances in precision oncology require that clinical centers maintain diagnostic specimens for ancillary, standard-of-care diagnostics. This has caused tissue blocks to become a limited resource for advancing the NCI clinical trial enterprise and the practice of modern molecular pathology. METHODS: The NCI convened a 1-day workshop of multidisciplined experts to discuss barriers and strategic solutions to facilitate diagnostic block submission for clinical trial science, from the perspective of patient advocates, legal experts, pathologists, and clinical oncologists. RESULTS: The expert views and opinions were carefully noted and reported. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations were proposed to reduce institutional barriers and to assist organizations in developing clear policies regarding diagnostic block submission for clinical trials

    Museums and the ‘new museology’ : theory, practice and organisational change

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    The widening of roles and expectations within cultural policy discourses has been a challenge to museum workers throughout Great Britain. There has been an expectation that museums are changing from an ‘old’ to a ‘new museology’ that has shaped museum functions and roles. This paper outlines the limitations of this perceived transition as museum services confront multiple exogenous and endogenous expectations, opportunities, pressures and threats. Findings from 23 publically funded museum services across England, Scotland and Wales are presented to explore the roles of professional and hierarchical differentiation, and how there were organisational and managerial limitations to the practical application of the ‘new museology’. The ambiguity surrounding policy, roles and practice also highlighted that museum workers were key agents in interpreting, using and understanding wide-ranging policy expectations. The practical implementation of the ‘new museology’ is linked to the values held by museum workers themselves and how they relate it to their activities at the ground level

    Playing Games with Tito:Designing Hybrid Museum Experiences for Critical Play

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    This article brings together two distinct, but related perspectives on playful museum experiences: Critical play and hybrid design. The article explores the challenges involved in combining these two perspectives, through the design of two hybrid museum experiences that aimed to facilitate critical play with/in the collections of the Museum of Yugoslavia and the highly contested heritage they represent. Based on reflections from the design process as well as feedback from test users, we describe a series of challenges: Challenging the norms of visitor behaviour, challenging the role of the artefact, and challenging the curatorial authority. In conclusion, we outline some possible design strategies to address these challenges

    Role of genetic testing for inherited prostate cancer risk: Philadelphia prostate cancer consensus conference 2017

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    Purpose: Guidelines are limited for genetic testing for prostate cancer (PCA). The goal of this conference was to develop an expert consensus-dri

    Sharing Individual Research Results with Biospecimen Contributors: Point: Figure 1.

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