1,178 research outputs found
Correlating the nanostructure of Al-oxide with deposition conditions and dielectric contributions of two-level systems in perspective of superconducting quantum circuits
This work is concerned with Al/Al-oxide(AlO)/Al-layer systems which are
important for Josephson-junction-based superconducting devices such as quantum
bits. The device performance is limited by noise, which has been to a large
degree assigned to the presence and properties of two-level tunneling systems
in the amorphous AlO tunnel barrier. The study is focused on the
correlation of the fabrication conditions, nanostructural and nanochemical
properties and the occurrence of two-level tunneling systems with particular
emphasis on the AlO-layer. Electron-beam evaporation with two different
processes and sputter deposition were used for structure fabrication, and the
effect of illumination by ultraviolet light during Al-oxide formation is
elucidated. Characterization was performed by analytical transmission electron
microscopy and low-temperature dielectric measurements. We show that the
fabrication conditions have a strong impact on the nanostructural and
nanochemical properties of the layer systems and the properties of two-level
tunneling systems. Based on the understanding of the observed structural
characteristics, routes are derived towards the fabrication of
Al/AlO/Al-layers systems with improved properties.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figure
The Global Polarity of Alcoholic Solvents and Water – Importance of the Collectively Acting Factors Density, Refractive Index and Hydrogen Bonding Forces
The DHBD quantity represents the hydroxyl group density of alcoholic solvents or water. DHBD is purely physically defined by the product of molar concentration of the solvent (N) and the factor Σn=n×f which reflects the number n and position (f-factor) of the alcoholic OH groups per molecule. Whether the hydroxyl group is either primary, secondary or tertiary is taken into account by f. Σn is clearly linearly correlated with the physical density or the refractive index of the alcohol derivative. Relationships of solvent-dependent UV/Vis absorption energies as ET(30) values, 129Xe NMR shifts and kinetic data of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane solvolysis with DHBD are demonstrated. It can be shown that the ET(30) solvent parameter reflects the global polarity of the hydrogen bond network rather than specific H-bond acidity. Significant correlations of the log k1 rate constants of the solvolysis reaction of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane with DHBD show the physical reasoning of the approach
Excitation of the molecular gas in the nuclear region of M82
We present high resolution HIFI spectroscopy of the nucleus of the
archetypical starburst galaxy M82. Six 12CO lines, 2 13CO lines and 4
fine-structure lines are detected. Besides showing the effects of the overall
velocity structure of the nuclear region, the line profiles also indicate the
presence of multiple components with different optical depths, temperatures and
densities in the observing beam. The data have been interpreted using a grid of
PDR models. It is found that the majority of the molecular gas is in low
density (n=10^3.5 cm^-3) clouds, with column densities of N_H=10^21.5 cm^-2 and
a relatively low UV radiation field (GO = 10^2). The remaining gas is
predominantly found in clouds with higher densities (n=10^5 cm^-3) and
radiation fields (GO = 10^2.75), but somewhat lower column densities
(N_H=10^21.2 cm^-2). The highest J CO lines are dominated by a small (1%
relative surface filling) component, with an even higher density (n=10^6 cm^-3)
and UV field (GO = 10^3.25). These results show the strength of multi-component
modeling for the interpretation of the integrated properties of galaxies.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letter
Effects of Diversity on Multi-agent Systems: Minority Games
We consider a version of large population games whose agents compete for
resources using strategies with adaptable preferences. The games can be used to
model economic markets, ecosystems or distributed control. Diversity of initial
preferences of strategies is introduced by randomly assigning biases to the
strategies of different agents. We find that diversity among the agents reduces
their maladaptive behavior. We find interesting scaling relations with
diversity for the variance and other parameters such as the convergence time,
the fraction of fickle agents, and the variance of wealth, illustrating their
dynamical origin. When diversity increases, the scaling dynamics is modified by
kinetic sampling and waiting effects. Analyses yield excellent agreement with
simulations.Comment: 41 pages, 16 figures; minor improvements in content, added
references; to be published in Physical Review
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