74 research outputs found
NOAO fundamental plane survey II: Age and metallicity along the red sequence from line-strength data
We present spectroscopic line-strength data for 4097 red-sequence galaxies in 93 low-redshift galaxy clusters and use these to investigate variations in average stellar populations as a function of galaxy mass. Our analysis includes an improved treatment of nebular emission contamination, which affects 10% of the sample galaxies. Using the stellar population models of D. Thomas and collaborators, we simultaneously fit 12 observed line-strength relations in terms of common underlying trends of age, [Z/H] (total metallicity), and [/Fe] (-element enhancement). We find that the observed line-strength relations can be explained only if higher mass red-sequence galaxies are, on average, older, more metal-rich, and more -enhanced than lower mass galaxies. Quantitatively, the scaling relations are age0.59±0.13, Z/H0.53±0.08, and /Fe0.31±0.06, where the errors reflect the range obtained using different subsets of indices. Our conclusions are not strongly dependent on which Balmer lines are used as age indicators. The derived age- relation is such that if the largest (400 km s-1) galaxies formed their stars 13 Gyr ago, then the mean age of low-mass (50 km s-1) objects is only 4 Gyr. The data also suggest a large spread in age at the low-mass end of the red sequence, with 68% of the galaxies having ages between 2 and 8 Gyr. We conclude that although the stars in giant red galaxies in clusters formed early, most of the galaxies at the faint end joined the red sequence only at recent epochs. This "downsizing" trend is in good qualitative agreement with observations of the red sequence at higher redshifts but is not predicted by semianalytic models of galaxy formation
The Frequency Dependent Conductivity of Electron Glasses
Results of DC and frequency dependent conductivity in the quantum limit, i.e.
hw > kT, for a broad range of dopant concentrations in nominally uncompensated,
crystalline phosphorous doped silicon and amorphous niobium-silicon alloys are
reported. These materials fall under the general category of disordered
insulating systems, which are referred to as electron glasses. Using microwave
resonant cavities and quasi-optical millimeter wave spectroscopy we are able to
study the frequency dependent response on the insulating side of the
metal-insulator transition. We identify a quantum critical regime, a Fermi
glass regime and a Coulomb glass regime. Our phenomenological results lead to a
phase diagram description, or taxonomy, of the electrodynamic response of
electron glass systems
Universal features of the order-parameter fluctuations : reversible and irreversible aggregation
We discuss the universal scaling laws of order parameter fluctuations in any
system in which the second-order critical behaviour can be identified. These
scaling laws can be derived rigorously for equilibrium systems when combined
with the finite-size scaling analysis. The relation between order parameter,
criticality and scaling law of fluctuations has been established and the
connexion between the scaling function and the critical exponents has been
found. We give examples in out-of-equilibrium aggregation models such as the
Smoluchowski kinetic equations, or of at-equilibrium Ising and percolation
models.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure
Extension to order of the high-temperature expansions for the spin-1/2 Ising model on the simple-cubic and the body-centered-cubic lattices
Using a renormalized linked-cluster-expansion method, we have extended to
order the high-temperature series for the susceptibility
and the second-moment correlation length of the spin-1/2 Ising models on
the sc and the bcc lattices. A study of these expansions yields updated direct
estimates of universal parameters, such as exponents and amplitude ratios,
which characterize the critical behavior of and . Our best
estimates for the inverse critical temperatures are
and . For the
susceptibility exponent we get and for the correlation
length exponent we get .
The ratio of the critical amplitudes of above and below the critical
temperature is estimated to be . The analogous ratio for
is estimated to be . For the correction-to-scaling
amplitude ratio we obtain .Comment: Misprints corrected, 8 pages, latex, no figure
Specific Heat of Liquid Helium in Zero Gravity very near the Lambda Point
We report the details and revised analysis of an experiment to measure the
specific heat of helium with subnanokelvin temperature resolution near the
lambda point. The measurements were made at the vapor pressure spanning the
region from 22 mK below the superfluid transition to 4 uK above. The experiment
was performed in earth orbit to reduce the rounding of the transition caused by
gravitationally induced pressure gradients on earth. Specific heat measurements
were made deep in the asymptotic region to within 2 nK of the transition. No
evidence of rounding was found to this resolution. The optimum value of the
critical exponent describing the specific heat singularity was found to be a =
-0.0127+ - 0.0003. This is bracketed by two recent estimates based on
renormalization group techniques, but is slightly outside the range of the
error of the most recent result. The ratio of the coefficients of the leading
order singularity on the two sides of the transition is A+/A- =1.053+ - 0.002,
which agrees well with a recent estimate. By combining the specific heat and
superfluid density exponents a test of the Josephson scaling relation can be
made. Excellent agreement is found based on high precision measurements of the
superfluid density made elsewhere. These results represent the most precise
tests of theoretical predictions for critical phenomena to date.Comment: 27 Pages, 20 Figure
Boundary conditions, the critical conductance distribution, and one-parameter scaling
Published versio
Measurement of the p-pbar -> Wgamma + X cross section at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV and WWgamma anomalous coupling limits
The WWgamma triple gauge boson coupling parameters are studied using p-pbar
-> l nu gamma + X (l = e,mu) events at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV. The data were
collected with the DO detector from an integrated luminosity of 162 pb^{-1}
delivered by the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The cross section times branching
fraction for p-pbar -> W(gamma) + X -> l nu gamma + X with E_T^{gamma} > 8 GeV
and Delta R_{l gamma} > 0.7 is 14.8 +/- 1.6 (stat) +/- 1.0 (syst) +/- 1.0 (lum)
pb. The one-dimensional 95% confidence level limits on anomalous couplings are
-0.88 < Delta kappa_{gamma} < 0.96 and -0.20 < lambda_{gamma} < 0.20.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. D Rapid Communication
Measurement of the WW production cross section in p anti-p collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 TeV
We present a measurement of the W boson pair-production cross section in p
anti-p collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV. The data,
collected with the Run II DO detector, correspond to an integrated luminosity
of 224-252 pb^-1 depending on the final state (ee, emu or mumu). We observe 25
candidates with a background expectation of
8.1+/-0.6(stat)+/-0.6(syst)+/-0.5(lum) events. The probability for an upward
fluctuation of the background to produce the observed signal is 2.3x10^-7,
equivalent to 5.2 standard deviations.The measurement yields a cross section of
13.8+4.3/-3.8(stat)+1.2/-0.9(syst)+/-0.9(lum) pb, in agreement with predictions
from the standard model.Comment: submitted to PR
Measurement of the Lambda^0_b lifetime in the decay Lambda^0_b -> J/psi Lambda^0 with the D0 Detector
We present measurements of the Lambda^0_b lifetime in the exclusive decay
channel Lambda^0_{b}->J/psi Lambda^0, with J/psi to mu+ mu- and Lambda^0 to p
pi-, the B^0 lifetime in the decay B^0 -> J/psi K^0_S with J/psi to mu+ mu- and
K^0_S to pi+ pi-, and the ratio of these lifetimes. The analysis is based on
approximately 250 pb^{-1} of data recorded with the D0 detector in pp(bar)
collisions at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV. The Lambda^0_b lifetime is determined to be
tau(Lambda^0_b) = 1.22 +0.22/-0.18 (stat) +/- 0.04 (syst) ps, the B^0 lifetime
tau(B^0) = 1.40 +0.11/-0.10 (stat) +/- 0.03 (syst) ps, and the ratio
tau(Lambda^0_b)/tau(B^0) = 0.87 +0.17/-0.14 (stat) +/- 0.03 (syst). In contrast
with previous measurements using semileptonic decays, this is the first
determination of the Lambda^0_b lifetime based on a fully reconstructed decay
channel.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, Submitted to Physical Review Letters, v2: Added
FNAL Pub-numbe
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