1945, February 21 - Kate Webb Watts

Series 1.1.2 - Fay Webb Gardner; Personal Papers; Correspondence Correspondence from Kate Webb Watts. Handwritten.https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/fay-webb-gardner-correspondence/1013/thumbnail.jp

More Than an Athlete: A Qualitative Analysis of How Student-Athletes Develop Self-Authorship Through Their Experiences in Athletics

Within the context of the newly instituted NCAA Name, Image and Likeness legislation, student-athletes are able to profit from their personal brands. This legislation presents newfound exposure to student-athletes. In order to assess the preparedness of student-athletes to benefit monetarily from their personal brands, an analysis of student-athlete development provides beneficial insight regarding their cognitive development. Using self-authorship theory as a guide, this qualitative research used long interviews to explore how student-athletes are developing their identities through their journeys with athletics. The research analyzes the lived experiences told by five athletes from a medium-sized faith-based NCAA Division II university. The student-athletes who participated in the study elicited a desire to be valued as more than an athlete. The student-athletes began their athletic careers embodying a dependency on perceived expectations and an identity grounded in athletics. As the student-athletes were introduced to failure, they became aware of the need to take responsibility for themselves, their decisions, their futures and their identities. The student-athletes began actively taking steps to embrace their individuality, establish themselves outside of the arena of athletics, foster meaningful relationships rooted in respect and share their stories to impact the lives of others. In conclusion, the older participants reflected on their journeys through athletics, describing a sentiment of pride in who they had become through the process and a sense of peace as they prepared to transition away from their sport into adulthood. For these student-athletes, they had begun the evolution of self-authorship, successfully distancing themselves from the external authorities of athletics

What’s in a name: the politics of queer on campus

This paper draws upon oral history interviews and archival work carried out to examine the history of the LGBTQ+ student society at the University of Sussex. It reflects upon the significance of the Society’s name change over time (from GaySoc in the 1970s to its contemporary formation as the LGBTQ+ Society) and considers the role of the Society and its members as an active political and sociable group, concerned with a broad range of political and social justice movements, both on campus and across wider society, locally and nationally. It demonstrates how the experience of student societies relates to individual and group identity and how they help shape national and international politics. It looks at how the groups were positioned as political through their location and in relation to activism beyond LGBTQ+ issues and the University

The Impact of Multiple Recesses on Limb Movement Patterns in Children: An Exploratory Study

Background: Inactivity levels among elementary-aged children are climbing at alarming rates, as only 24% participate in the recommended 60 minutes of daily physical activity. Limb movements during children’s active time are essential for heart, bone, and muscle health, setting the stage for an overall active and healthy life. School recess, defined as child-directed, outdoor play, is optimal for children to accumulate many types and repetitions of limb movements. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use the Movement Pattern Observation Tool (MPOT) to determine the impact of varying amounts of daily recess on elementary-aged children’s limb movement patterns. It was hypothesized that children who participate in 60 minutes of daily recess would accumulate significantly more limb movements and specifically, contralateral movements as they advance in grades. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study used the MPOT to observe grades K-2 children from two schools offering one twenty-minute recess daily and two schools offering four 15-minute recesses daily. The researchers observed 3,023 children’s limb movements during recess across the schools. There were 36 total observation scans completed for the four schools observed. Results: Children who received 60 minutes of recess maintained significantly higher activity levels and contralateral movements as they advanced by grade. Additionally, on average 96% of all children utilized unilateral, bilateral, or contralateral limb movements when observed. Conclusion: When given the opportunity, most children will utilize recess in a way that is beneficial for off-setting inactivity trends and is instrumental for a healthy mind-body connection as they age

Sexual Functioning in Occupational Therapy Education: A Survey of Programs

Despite the importance of sexuality to overall quality of life and well-being for individuals with disabilities, occupational therapy practitioners continue to under-address this issue. One possibility for the lack of attention in this area is the comfort and knowledge level of practitioners. In their seminal work, Payne, Greer, and Corbin (1988) surveyed occupational therapy programs in the United States in an effort to identify the amount of sexuality education provided. This study was aimed at identifying current trends in the provision of sexuality education for occupational therapy students. Despite the nearly 30-year gap in this area of research, and the societal changes related to sexuality, findings suggest that there has been little advancement in the area of sexuality in occupational therapy curricula. Implications for occupational therapy practice and future education are discussed

Sex and puberty influence the innate immune system type 1 interferon response

Type 1 IFNs are an antiviral cytokine family, important in jSLE which is more common in females, around puberty. It is reported here that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) from healthy females were more activated than males, and expressed more of the anti-viral surface protein, tetherin than males, suggesting that they are more primed to react to viral ligand. In healthy volunteers, females produced more type 1 IFN after TLR7 stimulation than males, regardless of puberty. There was however an increased production of type 1 IFN after TLR7 stimulation in post pubertal volunteers, regardless of sex. A unique human model including transgender volunteers and young women with TUS revealed that TLR7 induced type 1 IFN production related to X chromosome number, and serum testosterone concentration, in a manner which differed depending on the number of X chromosomes present. Female peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) expressed more of the genes coding for RNAsensors RIG-1 and MDA5 regardless of puberty, and TLR7 gene expression was increased in post pubertal females. Therefore, females were inherently more primed to respond to viral or endogenous RNA ligand than males, and produced more type 1 IFN after TLR7 stimulation, which associated with puberty in a manner that may partly explain why a type 1 IFN mediated autoimmune disease like jSLE is more common in females after puberty. Indeed, in this study, young people with jSLE had a diminished production of IFNα after TLR9 stimulation and a decreased gene expression of TLR9. Conversely, TLR7 induced IFNα production was unchanged and TLR7 gene expression was increased in jSLE patients with evidence of a high background IFN. Stratifying low disease activity patients with jSLE revealed that approximately half of these patients had an upregulated IFN score, which is less than previously reported in higher disease activity and may better represent the baseline. Stratifying by IFN score revealed that the gene expression of the endogenous retroelement LINE1 was relatively upregulated in jSLE as compared to healthy volunteers. These findings highlight the importance of TLR7 in the female predisposition toward jSLE, especially after puberty, and reveal TLR7 and LINE1 as potential targets for future investigation

Why the Northern Territory government needs to support outstations/homelands in the Aboriginal, Northern Territory and national interest: submission to the Northern Territory Government Outstation Policy Discussion Paper

"The development of a Northern Territory outstation/homelands policy which meets the needs and aspirations of a dynamic and highly mobile population is extremely important. It is a complex and difficult task, but one which provides an important opportunity for outstations/homelands to be viewed as an integral component of the Northern Territory Government’s vision for ‘a framework for a sustainable future where development takes place within a context of land and sea conservation’ as envisaged in the Northern Territory Parks and Conservation Masterplan 2005. An innovative outstation/homeland policy which solves the problem of government service delivery of Indigenous Australians’ citizenship entitlements—so that it provides a choice for Indigenous Australians where they want to live and how they want to engage nationally and internationally in social, cultural and economic life—is urgently needed..." - Introduction, page

Neighborhood disadvantage and neural correlates of threat and reward processing in survivors of recent trauma

IMPORTANCE: Differences in neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics are important considerations in understanding differences in risk vs resilience in mental health. Neighborhood disadvantage is associated with alterations in the function and structure of threat neurocircuitry. OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations of neighborhood disadvantage with white and gray matter and neural reactivity to positive and negative stimuli in the context of trauma exposure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this cross-sectional study, survivors of trauma who completed sociodemographic and posttraumatic symptom assessments and neuroimaging were recruited as part of the Advancing Understanding of Recovery After Trauma (AURORA) study between September 2017 and June 2021. Data analysis was performed from October 25, 2022, to February 15, 2023. EXPOSURE: Neighborhood disadvantage was measured with the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) for each participant home address. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Participants completed separate threat and reward tasks during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Diffusion-weighted and high-resolution structural images were also collected. Linear models assessed the association of ADI with reactivity, microstructure, and macrostructure of a priori regions of interest after adjusting for income, lifetime trauma, sex at birth, and age. A moderated-mediation model tested whether ADI was associated with neural activity via microstructural changes and if this was modulated by PTSD symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 280 participants (183 females [65.4%]; mean [SD] age, 35.39 [13.29] years) completed the threat task and 244 participants (156 females [63.9%]; mean [SD] age, 35.10 [13.26] years) completed the reward task. Higher ADI (per 1-unit increase) was associated with greater insula (t274 = 3.20; β = 0.20; corrected P = .008) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; t274 = 2.56; β = 0.16; corrected P = .04) threat-related activity after considering covariates, but ADI was not associated with reward reactivity. Greater disadvantage was also associated with altered microstructure of the cingulum bundle (t274 = 3.48; β = 0.21; corrected P = .001) and gray matter morphology of the ACC (cortical thickness: t273 = -2.29; β = -0.13; corrected P = .02; surface area: t273 = 2.53; β = 0.13; corrected P = .02). The moderated-mediation model revealed that ADI was associated with ACC threat reactivity via cingulum microstructural changes (index of moderated mediation = -0.02). However, this mediation was only present in individuals with greater PTSD symptom severity (at the mean: β = -0.17; standard error = 0.06, t= -2.28; P = .007; at 1 SD above the mean: β = -0.28; standard error = 0.08; t = -3.35; P \u3c .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, neighborhood disadvantage was associated with neurobiology that supports threat processing, revealing associations of neighborhood disadvantage with neural susceptibility for PTSD and suggesting how altered structure-function associations may complicate symptoms. Future work should investigate specific components of neighborhood disadvantage that may be associated with these outcomes

Complementarity of dung beetle species with different functional behaviours influence dung–soil carbon cycling

Decomposition of large ungulate herbivore dung and its subsequent incorporation into the soil play key roles in carbon and nutrient cycling and are important for grassland productivity. Dung beetles contribute to the initial breakdown and transport of organic matter from the dung into the soil but how they interact with the microbial community to modify decomposition processes remains poorly understood. Using a mesocosm experiment, we investigated the individual and interactive effect of two dung beetle species with contrasting functional behaviour (dweller species: Agrilinus ater (De Geer 1774) vs. tunneler species: Typhaeus typhoeus (Linneaus 1758)) on dung C cycling (CO2 fluxes and C transfer through the soil profile) and resultant effects on microbial activity and biomass in the soil. Both dung beetle species contributed significantly to dung removal, reducing the C lost through microbial respiration from the whole mesocosm. However, C concentrations measured in leachates from the mesocosm were only significantly higher in the presence of the tunneler species, indicating that tunnelling activity was required to increase C transfer down the soil profile. The combined effect of the two dung beetle species resulted in the highest soil microbial respiration from the soil and in particular in the 2–10 cm depth increment, suggesting positive complementarity effects between species with different functional behaviour. We conclude that the return of C in the form of dung in grasslands, coupled with the activity of a functionally diverse dung beetle assemblage, could result in short term fluctuations in soil microbial activity with important consequences for soil C cycling

‘When you're sitting in the room with two people one of whom… has bashed the hell out of the other’:Possibilities and challenges in the use of FGCs and restorative approaches following domestic violence

Domestic violence continues to be a primary reason for referrals to state child welfare services in advanced industrialised countries. There is growing concern in many state child welfare services to develop responses to it that are both more effective and more humane. The use of restorative approaches, in particular Family Group Conferences (FGCs), has been suggested as one such response. This article draws from data gathered from an evaluation of a UK Government funded “Innovation Project” part of which extended the use of FGCs in an urban local authority area which was already making extensive use of them. This paper presents and explores a typology of FGCs used in situations of domestic violence: pragmatic, resolution-focussed and restorative FGCs, developed from the evaluation data and augmented by relevant literature. The study data revealed pragmatic FGCs to be the most used, restorative the least. It is suggested that each type of FGC brings potential benefits but only restorative FGCs offer the possibility of full restoration in the traditionally understood sense. It is argued that the present mother-centric, risk-adverse, child protection systems which currently operate in many countries provide a powerful resistor to the greater implementation of this restorative way of working.</p