Sucessão de culturas na fitossanidade e produtividade da cultura da batata (Solanum tuberosum L.)

A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em área experimental do departamento de Agronomia no campus Cedeteg da Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava (PR). O objetivo foi avaliar a produtividade e a classificação dos tubérculos e a severidade e incidência de Sarna sobre a cultura da batata em sucessão às culturas da ervilhaca (Vicia sativa L.), aveia preta (Avena strigosa L.), trigo (Triticum aestivum L.), nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.) e área de pousio. Observou-se que a produtividade e o diâmetro dos tubérculos não foram afetados pelos tratamentos. O cultivo de aveia preta como antecessora aumenta a severidade da Sarna Comum (Streptomyces spp.), e pousio e a cultura da ervilhaca como antecessor ocasionou aumento da severidade da Sarna Prateada (Helminthosporium solani Dur. e Mont.).Pesquisa realizada em el compo experimental del Departamento de agronomia del Campus Cedeteg de la Universidad Estadual del Centro Oeste de Guarapuava (PR), Brasil. Su objetivo fue evaluar la productividad, clasificar los tubérculos y verificar la severidad de la ocurrencia de Sarna sobre la cultura de la papa en suceción a las culturas de arveja (Vicia sativa L,  avena negra(Avena Strigosa L.) trigo (Triticum Aestivum L.) nabo forragero (Raphanus sativus L.) y el área de pousio. Se observó que la productividad y el diámetro de los tubérculos no fueron afectados por los tratamientos. El cultivo de Avena negra precedente al cultivo de la papa aumenta la severidad de  la Sarna Comun (Streptomyces spp.) y pousio. Ya la cvultura de la arveja causó significante aumento de la severidad de la Sarna Plateada (Helminthosporium solani Dur e Mont).The study was conducted in the experimental area of Department of Agronomy, campus Cedeteg of the State University Center West, Guarapuava - PR. It aimed to evaluate the productivity and classification of tubers and the severity and incidence of scab on the potato crop in succession crops of vetch (Vicia sativa L.), oat (Avena strigosa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and fallow area. It was observed that the productivity and the diameter of the tubers were not affected by treatments. The cultivation of oat as predecessor increases the severity of common scab (Streptomyces spp), and fallow and culture of vetch as predecessor caused an increase in severity of silver scab (Helminthosporium solani Dur. e Mont.)

Evaluación de NPK 8-30-20 con yeso en comparación a la fertilización convencional para la producción de la papa (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Diferentes formas de manejo da adubação são empregadas pelos bataticultores, sendo que, de tempos em tempos, surge uma fórmula para adubar a cultura. Porém, deve-se dar especial atenção à adubação e nutrição da cultura da batata, pois a demanda relativa de fertilizantes por unidade de área na cultura é elevada. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a utilização da fórmula NPK 8-30-20 com adição de gesso agrícola comparado a adubação NPK 4-14-8 (tratamento padrão regional) na produção da cultura da Batata. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Unidade de Pesquisa em Produção de Batata e Microclima para a Agricultura, no Campus CEDETEG da Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste – UNICENTRO em Guarapuava – PR. Os tratamentos aplicados foram: T1 - 3,5 t ha-1 de NPK 4-14-8; T2 - 3,5 t ha-1 de NPK 4-14-8 mais a aplicação de 3 t ha-1 de gesso; T3 - 1,75 t ha-1 de NPK 8-30-20; T4 - 1,75 t ha-1 de NPK 8-30-20 mais a aplicação de 3 t ha-1 de gesso; T5 - 1,75 t ha-1 de NPK 8-30-20 mais a aplicação de gesso para suprir a diferença entre os fertilizantes. O plantio da cultura da batata foi realizado no dia 23 de dezembro de 2008 e a cultivar utilizada foi a Ágata. A semente utilizada foi de Geração 01 e tubérculos de classe II. A densidade de plantio utilizada foi de 50.000 tubérculos por hectare. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Avaliou-se a produtividade e a classificação dos tubérculos de acordo com o tamanho e incidência e severidade da Sarna Comum (Streptomyces spp.) e Sarna Prateada (Helminthosporium solani Dur. e Mont.), sobre os tubérculos. A análise estatística foi realizada por análise de variância e teste de comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey (5%). A Classificação dos tubérculos foi realizada de acordo com as classes de diâmetro da portaria nº 69 do MAPA de 21 de fevereiro de 2005. O uso de adubação com 5 t ha-1 de NPK 4-14-8 mais a aplicação de 3 t ha-1 de gesso e 1,75 t ha-1 de NPK 8-30-20 mais a aplicação de 3 t ha-1 de gesso ocasionam os melhores resultados de produtividade da cultura da batata e melhor classificação dos tubérculos. A aplicação de gesso foi importante para redução da incidência de sarna comum independente da formulação NPK e a aplicação da formulação NPK sem adição de gesso predispõe a cultura a uma maior ocorrência de sarna.Different forms of fertilizer management are employed by potato farmers, and from time to time, it appears a receipt to fertilize the crop. However, one should pay special attention to nutrition and fertilization of the potato as the relative demand of fertilizer per unit area in culture is high. The objective was to evaluate the use of NPK 8-30-20 with the addition of gypsum compared to NPK 4-14-8 (regional standard treatment) in the production of potato. The study was conducted at the Research Unit in Potato Production and Microclimate on Agriculture, Campus CEDETEG at UNICENTRO in Guarapuava - PR. The treatments were: T1 - 3.5 t ha-1 NPK 4-14-8, T2 - 3.5 t ha-1 NPK 4-14-8 over the application of 3 t ha-1 gypsum; T3 - 1.75 t ha-1 NPK 8-30-20, T4 - 1.75 t ha-1 NPK 8-30-20 plus the application of 3 t ha-1 gypsum, T5 - 1.75 t ha-1 NPK 8-30-20 plus the application of plaster to make up the difference between fertilizer. The cultivation of potato was held on December 23, 2008 and the cultivar used was Agatha. The seed used was Generation 01 and tubers of class II. The density used was 50.000 tubers per hectare. The experimental design was completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. It was evaluated the productivity and classification of tubers of the size and incidence and severity of common scab (Streptomyces spp.) and silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani Dur. And Mont.) in the tubers. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA test and mean comparison by Tukey test (5%). Classification of the tubers was performed according to the diameter classes of the Ordinance No. 69 MAP of February 21, 2005. The use of manure at 5 t ha-1 NPK 4-14-8 over the application of 3 t ha-1 gypsum and 1.75 t ha-1 of 8-30-20 NPK plus the application of 3 t ha-1 gypsum causes the best results of yield of potato tubers and better classification. The application of gypsum was important to reduce the incidence of common scab independent of the formulation and application of NPK without addition of gypsum predisposes the crop to a higher incidence of scabies.Diferentes formas de gestión de los fertilizantes son empleados por productores de papa, y de vez en cuando se presenta una nueva fórmula para fertilizar los cultivos. Sin embargo, se debe prestar especial atención a la nutrición y fertilización del cultivo de la papa debido a que la demanda relativa de fertilizantes por unidad de área en la cultura es alta. El objetivo fue evaluar el uso de NPK 8-30-20 con yeso agrícola en comparación con NPK 4-14-8 (tratamiento estándar regional) en el rendimiento de las papas. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la Unidad de Investigación en Producción de Papa y el microclima de Agricultura, Campus CEDETEG de la Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO en Guarapuava - PR. Los tratamientos fueron: T1 - 3.5 t ha-1 NPK 4-14-8, T2 - 3.5 t ha-1 NPK 4-14-8 más la aplicación de 3 t ha-1 de yeso; T3 - 1.75 t ha-1 NPK 8-30-20, T4 - 1.75 t ha-1 NPK 8-30-20 más la aplicación de 3 t ha-1 de yeso, T5 - 1.75 t ha-1 NPK 8-30-20 más la aplicación de yeso para cubrir la diferencia entre los fertilizantes. La siembra de la papa se celebró el 23 de diciembre de 2008 con el cultivar Ágata. La semilla utilizada fue de tubérculos de la segunda generación con tamaño de la clase II. La densidad utilizada fue de 50.000 tubérculos por hectárea. El diseño experimental fue completamente aleatorizado con cinco tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Se evaluó el rendimiento de los tubérculos y la clasificación según el tamaño y la incidencia y la gravedad de la sarna común (Streptomyces spp.) y Sarna Plata (Helminthosporium solani Dur. Y Mont.) En los tubérculos. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante análisis de varianza y comparación de medias con la prueba de Tukey (5%). Clasificación de los tubérculos se realizó de acuerdo a las clases de diámetro de la Ordenanza N º 69 MAPA, 21 de febrero de 2005. El uso de fertilizantes con 5 t ha-1 NPK 4-14-8 sobre la aplicación de 3 t ha-1 de yeso y 1,75 t ha-1 NPK 8-30-20 más la aplicación de 3 t ha-1 de yeso causa los mejores resultados de rendimiento y una mejor clasificación de tubérculos de papa. La aplicación de yeso fue importante para reducir la incidencia de la sarna común independiente de la formulación y aplicación de formulación NPK sin la adición de yeso predispone la cultura a una mayor incidencia de la sarna

Frequency and Stratification of Epileptogenic Lesions in Elderly With New Onset Seizures

Objective: To evaluate prospectively the frequency of epileptogenic lesions in a consecutive cohort of elderly patients presenting with new onset unprovoked seizures, and who underwent a complete evaluation including dedicated epilepsy protocol MRI.Methods and materials: We included all consecutive patients 60 years or older who participated in a prospective study on new onset epilepsy. The work-up included the acquisition of a dedicated epilepsy protocol MRI and a 3 h video/EEG recording. We evaluated the frequency and types of epileptogenic lesions in the whole cohort and stratified those variables by age, gender, types and number of seizures at presentation. We also correlated the EEG findings with the clinical characteristics and neuroimaging results.Results: Of the 101 patients enrolled in the study and who underwent an epilepsy protocol MRI, an epileptogenic lesion was identified in 67% of cases. The most common etiologies were vascular events, followed by tumoral causes and traumatic brain injuries. Epileptogenic lesions were more likely to be identified in patients who presented with only focal aware and impaired awareness seizures. In addition, patients with tumoral epilepsy were significantly more likely to only experience those seizure types compared to patients with other pathological substrates. Interictal/ictal discharges were detected in the EEG of 21% of patients. Epileptiform discharges were significantly more frequent in patients with an epileptogenic lesion on brain MRI, especially in those with a brain tumor.Conclusions: Our results stress the importance of obtaining a dedicated epilepsy protocol MRI in elderly patients with new onset seizures. An epileptogenic lesion will be identified in approximately two thirds of patients with important implications regarding initiation of treatment. In addition, the data underscore the value of distinguishing the types of seizures experienced at presentation as this will apprise the treating physician on the likelihood of identifying an epileptogenic lesion and on the probable etiologies

Biogenic nano-magnetite and nano-zero valent iron treatment of alkaline Cr(VI) leachate and chromite ore processing residue

Highly reactive nano-scale biogenic magnetite (BnM), synthesized by the Fe(III)-reducing bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens, was tested for the potential to remediate alkaline Cr(VI) contaminated waters associated with chromite ore processing residue (COPR). The performance of this biomaterial, targeting aqueous Cr(VI) removal, was compared to a synthetic alternative, nano-scale zero valent iron (nZVI). Samples of highly contaminated alkaline groundwater and COPR solid waste were obtained from a contaminated site in Glasgow, UK. During batch reactivity tests, Cr(VI) removal from groundwater was inhibited by ~25% (BnM) and ~50% (nZVI) when compared to the treatment of less chemically complex model pH 12 Cr(VI) solutions. In both the model Cr(VI) solutions and contaminated groundwater experiments the surface of the nanoparticles became passivated, preventing complete coupling of their available electrons to Cr(VI) reduction. To investigate this process, the surfaces of the reacted samples were analyzed by TEM-EDX, XAS and XPS, confirming Cr(VI) reduction to the less soluble Cr(III) on the nanoparticle surface. In groundwater reacted samples the presence of Ca, Si and S was also noted on the surface of the nanoparticles, and is likely responsible for earlier onset of passivation. Treatment of the solid COPR material in contact with water, by addition of increasing weight % of the nanoparticles, resulted in a decrease in aqueous Cr(VI) concentrations to below detection limits, via the addition of ≥5% w/w BnM or ≥1% w/w nZVI. XANES analysis of the Cr K edge, showed that the % Cr(VI) in the COPR dropped from 26% to a minimum of 4-7% by the addition of 5% w/w BnM or 2% w/w nZVI, with higher additions unable to reduce the remaining Cr(VI). The treated materials exhibited minimal re-mobilization of soluble Cr(VI) by re-equilibration with atmospheric oxygen, with the bulk of the Cr remaining in the solid fraction. Both nanoparticles exhibited a considerable capacity for the remediation of COPR related Cr(VI) contamination, with the synthetic nZVI demonstrating greater reactivity than the BnM. However, the biosynthesized BnM was also capable of significant Cr(VI) reduction and demonstrated a greater efficiency for the coupling of its electrons towards Cr(VI) reduction than the nZVI

Comportement mécanique non-linéaires de milieux fortement hétérogènes par la mécanique des milieux continus généralisés et des méthodes d'homogénéisation

L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier de manière exhaustive le comportement non linéaire des matériaux en treillis périodiques constitués de poutres de Timoshenko, en tenant compte des énergies de cisaillement, d'extension et de flexion, ainsi que de leurs interactions. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons développé un ensemble complet de fonctions de forme non linéaires et dérivé les équations dynamiques non linéaires pour divers réseaux architecturés. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur l'intégration de la matrice de rigidité non linéaire et sur l'étude de l'impact de l'énergie non linéaire totale (y compris les modes de cisaillement, d'extension et de flexion) sur la réponse dynamique des matériaux architecturés. En outre, nous avons effectué une analyse comparative de la propagation des ondes dans différents matériaux architecturés, en tenant compte de l'influence de l'énergie non linéaire et de la contribution de chaque mode (extension, flexion et cisaillement) aux relations de dispersion. En outre, nous avons effectué des calculs d'homogénéisation dynamique discrète pour différents matériaux architecturés non linéaires et réalisé des analyses de propagation des ondes en tenant compte de l'effet des termes de second gradient à la fois en 1D et en 2D.The objective of this thesis is to comprehensively investigate the nonlinear behavior of periodic lattice materials made of Timoshenko beams, by considering shear, extension, and bending energies, as well as their interactions. To achieve this objective, we have developed a complete set of nonlinear shape functions and derived the nonlinear dynamical equations for various architected networks. Our focus has been on incorporating the nonlinear stiffness matrix and studying the impact of the full nonlinear energy (including shear, extension, and bending modes) on the dynamical response of architected materials. Furthermore, we have conducted a comparative analysis of wave propagation in different architected materials, considering the influence of nonlinear energy and the contribution of each mode (extension, flexion, and shear) to the dispersion relations. Additionally, we have performed discrete dynamical homogenization computations for different nonlinear architected materials and carried out wave propagation analyses taking into consideration the effect of second gradient terms in both 1D and 2D

Comportement mécanique non-linéaires de milieux fortement hétérogènes par la mécanique des milieux continus généralisés et des méthodes d'homogénéisation

The objective of this thesis is to comprehensively investigate the nonlinear behavior of periodic lattice materials made of Timoshenko beams, by considering shear, extension, and bending energies, as well as their interactions. To achieve this objective, we have developed a complete set of nonlinear shape functions and derived the nonlinear dynamical equations for various architected networks. Our focus has been on incorporating the nonlinear stiffness matrix and studying the impact of the full nonlinear energy (including shear, extension, and bending modes) on the dynamical response of architected materials. Furthermore, we have conducted a comparative analysis of wave propagation in different architected materials, considering the influence of nonlinear energy and the contribution of each mode (extension, flexion, and shear) to the dispersion relations. Additionally, we have performed discrete dynamical homogenization computations for different nonlinear architected materials and carried out wave propagation analyses taking into consideration the effect of second gradient terms in both 1D and 2D.L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier de manière exhaustive le comportement non linéaire des matériaux en treillis périodiques constitués de poutres de Timoshenko, en tenant compte des énergies de cisaillement, d'extension et de flexion, ainsi que de leurs interactions. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons développé un ensemble complet de fonctions de forme non linéaires et dérivé les équations dynamiques non linéaires pour divers réseaux architecturés. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur l'intégration de la matrice de rigidité non linéaire et sur l'étude de l'impact de l'énergie non linéaire totale (y compris les modes de cisaillement, d'extension et de flexion) sur la réponse dynamique des matériaux architecturés. En outre, nous avons effectué une analyse comparative de la propagation des ondes dans différents matériaux architecturés, en tenant compte de l'influence de l'énergie non linéaire et de la contribution de chaque mode (extension, flexion et cisaillement) aux relations de dispersion. En outre, nous avons effectué des calculs d'homogénéisation dynamique discrète pour différents matériaux architecturés non linéaires et réalisé des analyses de propagation des ondes en tenant compte de l'effet des termes de second gradient à la fois en 1D et en 2D