Peningkatan Kualitas Air Hasil Paparan Larvasida Hayati Kulit Kayu Gemor (Nothaphoebe coriacea K.)

Biolarvacide derived from local plant extract can be used as a vector breaker for diseases caused by mosquitoes. One of plants used as biolarvacide was gemor bark. The use of gemor bark as a biolarvacide had caused a high mortality for mosquitoes, but had lowered the quality of water exposed by this larvacide. The objective of this research was to study a method to improve water quality exposed to biolarvacide of gemor bark extract. This research used experimental methods with 5 treatments and 3 replications, while the research design was using a completely randomized design. The treatment used in this research was purification using flannel fabric, cotton fabric; adding PAC (Poly Aluminium Chloride) 10 mL, PAC 30 mL, and PAC 50 mL. The dose of biolarvacide extract used was 1600 ppm. Parameters measure were pH and turbidity. Research results showed that averages pH in G1; G2; G3; G4; and G5 were 5.67; 5.67; 7.27; 7.12; and 7.02, respectively. While the turbidities in G1; G2; G3; G4; and G5 were 471 NTU; 414.33 NTU; 8.67 NTU; 2.82 NTU; and 1.22 NTU, respectively. Based on Regulation of Health Ministery of Indonesia No. 32 year 2017 about Quality Standard of Environmental Health and Water Health Requirements for Hygiene Sanitation, Swimming Pool, Solus Per Aqua, and Public Bath, and Further Analyses, then G4 treatment can be used as alternative treatment for purification of water exposed by gemor bark larvacide

Dekomposisi Serasah dan Keanekaragaman Makrofauna Tanah pada Hutan Tanaman Industri Nyawai (Ficus variegate. Blume)

Penggunaan jenis-jenis tanaman cepat tumbuh diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kayu. Meski demikian, informasi mengenai kesuburan tanah kerena penanaman jenis tersebut masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan data dan informasi mengenai produksi, laju dekomposisi serasah serta keragaman makrofauna tanah pada Hutan Tanaman Industri nyawai (Ficus variegate Blume) dengan tiga kelas umur yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Penentuan plot sampel dilakukan secara purposive dengan pertimbangan keterwakilan umur. Variabel yang diamati meliputi jumlah produksi serasah, laju dekomposisi serasah, serta makrofauna tanah menggunakan dua cara yaitu monolith atau pengambilan contoh tanah (PCT) untuk makrofauna tanah yang berada di dalam tanah, serta penggunaan perangkap sumuran (PSM) untuk makrofauna yang berada di permukaan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada tegakan umur 6 tahun memiliki laju dekomposisi serasah terbaik karena sebanyak 48,31% serasah terdekomposisi dengan laju 11%. Pada kelas umur ini keragaman makrofauna juga memiliki nilai tertinggi yaitu 1,08 meskipun masih berada dalam kategori rendah.Kata kunci: dekomposisi; kesuburan tanah; makrofauna; nyawai; serasah Litter Decomposition and Diversity of Soil Macrofauna on Industrial Plantation Forest of NyawaiAbstractThe use of fast-growing tree species is necessary to meet the demand of timber. However, the information with regard the fertility of the soil for planting of these species is still limited. This study aimed to obtain data and information on the litter production and its rate of decomposition as well as soil macrofauna diversity on Industrial Plantation Forest of nyawai (Ficus variegate. Blume) with three different age classes. This study used a quantitative method. Sample plots were determined purposively with consideration of the representation of age. The observed variables included the amount of production of litter, decomposition rate of litter, and soil macrofauna using two methods, i.e. monolith or soil sampling (PCT) for soil macrofauna underground the soil and trap wells (PSM) for macrofauna on soil surface. The results showed in the 6-year-old stands showed the best litter ecomposition rates, since 48.31% of litter was decomposed at a rate of 11%. At this age class, diversity of macrofauna also has the highest score as 1.08, although that value was still in the low category.

Studi Biofisik pada Lanskap Hutan Rawa Gambut di Taman Nasional Sebangau: Kasus di Resort Mangkok

Fire and illegal logging are main causes of peat swamp forest (PSF) degradation. Degradation causes biotic and abiotic changes of PSF. This reasearch was designed to collect data on description of species composition, carbon stock, soil physical factors, and soil macrofauna as indicators of changes in land condition due to PSF degradation. This research was conducted on degraded PSF area caused by fire and illegal logging. Sample plots were located based on the distance from the river i.e., <1.5; <4; and <10 km. Parameters measured included species composition of the stands and their ecological indices, carbon stock potention, soil physical condition (density), and soil macrofauna diversity. Research results showed that all of the parameters in those three locations were not significantly different. Based on those conditions, the main causes of degradation gave the same effects (biotic and abiotic changes) in the very ranged area with 10 km distances. These results were caused by the condition that all parameters measured were very sensitive to changes occurred in all experimental location

Formulation and physical stability of syrup containing gaharu (Aquilaria microcarpa Baill.) leaves extract

One of natural ingredients that has potential as herbal medicines is the leaves of agarwood-producing plants.  Opportunities for the development of agarwood-producing plants (Aquilaria microcrocarpa Baill.) as medicinal plants are still wide open. Ethanol extract of Aquilaria microcarpa Baill folium extract was made in the form of syrup preparations to facilitate use. This study aimed to formulate Gaharu folium extract into syrup preparations. The syrup preparations were made into 3 formulas with variations in the concentration of sorbitol as a sweetener, namely 60%; 63% and 65%. The three formulas were then evaluated including organoleptic test, viscosity test, pH test, homogeneity test and specific gravity test. The hedonic test was also carried out to determine which formula was the most preferred. The evaluation results showed that all syrup formulas met a good range of syrup requirements. From the results of the analysis of the preference test data, it could be concluded that all formulas had a level of acceptance that was not significantly different, but formula 2 had the highest total hedonic score compared to other formulas. Formula 2 also had the appropriate pH, viscosity and specific gravity as a syrup

SOIL AND WATER MICROORGANISM DIVERSITY OF MANGROVE FOREST OF TELUK KELUMPANG, SELAT LAUT AND SELAT SEBUKU NATURAL RESERVE

Mangrove is a unique ecosystem that has complex biotic and abiotic components. Soil and water microorganisms have function as decomposer in mangrove forest ecosystem. This paper studies the soil and water microorganisms' diversity, their potential, function in ecosystem and their role as environmental parameters in mangrove area of Teluk Kelumpang, Selat Laut and Selat Sebuku Natural Reserve (Kelautku Natural Reserve). Data of soil and water microorganisms were recorded from soil and water samplings then analyzed in the laboratory. Results show that benthos in Selat Sebuku figure the highest diversity index. Anadara granosa is one of the common benthos found in Selat Sebuku. In contrary the phytoplankton in Selat Sebuku is the lowest value compared to the other two locations, due to the settlements in the locations and it was suspected that Selat Sebuku has a relatively larger wave exposure than the two other locations. In addition, input of organic matters from the settlements in Teluk Kelumpang and Selat Laut is also effected by the growth of phytoplankton. Cyanophyta found in Teluk Kelumpang and Selat Laut was genera of Oscillatoria that showed high tolerance genera to the environment conditions

KEDEKATAN EKOLOGIS BEBERAPA LAHAN TANAMAN JELUTUNG RAWA (Dyera polyphylla (Miq.)V. Steenis) DENGAN INDIKATOR KELIMPAHAN MAKROFAUNA TANAH DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH

Plantation of jelutung rawa (Dyera polyphylla (Miq.) V. Steenis), as a peat land utilization, have been encouraging by local people in Central Kalimantan. This reseach was aimed to (1) find out the abundance and diversity of soil macrofauna and (2) to describes the interrelationship between plot plantation on soil macrofauna. The research has been conducted at jelutung plantation in three location consist of Hampangin area in the district of Katingan, Jekan at Palangkaraya city and Jabiren in Pulang Pisau district since October 2011 until March 2011. Plantation plot in Hampangin was managed by minimum tillage and the other such as Jekan and Jabiren plot was manage by intensive tillage. Number of observation plot are ten plot with the size of 20 x 50 m. Taking sample of macrofauna conducted by two manner consist of pitfall trap and soil sample. Data was analyzed by using principal component analysis Cumulatif eigenvalue score of pc1 and pc2 on psm method is 70,58 %. Abundance of soil surface macrofauna (psm method) Formicidae and Grylidae at Jabiren and Hampangin open area show more dense than the others. Probably has been correlated with the soil and air temperature of Jabiren and Hampangin. Cumulatif eigenvalue score pc1 and pc2 in pct methode is 70,42% . Abundance of sub soil macrofauna (pct method) consist of Formicidae, Megascolocidae, Aranedae, and Blattidae most dense in Hampangin plot. In addition Glossoscolocidae most dense at Jekan and Jabiren plot with pH H2O higher than the other plot

Potensi Simpanan Karbon pada Beberapa Tipologi Hutan Rawa Gambut di Kalimantan Tengah

Akurasi pendugaan simpanan karbon hutan rawa gambut dapat ditingkatkan melalui pengukuran masing-masing gudang/sumber karbon dan berbagai macam tipologi hutannya. Pengukuran tersebut berkaitan dengan besarnya kandungan dan fraksi simpanan karbon pada masing-masing gudang karbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kandungan dan potensi simpanan karbon pada masing-masing gudang karbon di tipologi gambut. Pengukuran simpanan karbon dilakukan pada lima gudang karbon yakni vegetasi (tingkat permudaan pohon), serasah, tumbuhan bawah, nekromasa dan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan karbon adalah 50% dari berat kering biomassa. Kandungan karbon tidak dipengaruhi oleh gudang karbon dan tipologi gambut. Pada tanah gambut, kedalaman gambut mempengaruhi besarnya kandungan karbon sehingga besarnya faktor konversi harus memperhatikan kedalaman masing-masing tipologi gambut. Potensi simpanan karbon terbesar pada tipologi hutan sekunder dengan kedalaman gambut antara 3-3,5 m sebesar 3.722,08 Mg/ha sedangkan potensi simpanan karbon terendah pada tipologi semak belukar dengan kedalaman gambut 3-3,5 m sebesar 2243,49 Mg/ha. Pada hutan gambut, gudang karbon tanah menyumbang >95% dari simpanan karbon total. Gudang karbon nekromasa memberikan sumbangan simpanan karbon terkecil. Fraksi simpanan karbon pada masing-masing gudang karbon berturut-turut adalah tanah> vegetasi> serasah> tumbuhan bawah> nekromasa.Carbon Stocks Potential of Peatland Forests Typologies in Central KalimantanAbstractAccuracy of carbon stocks estimation can be enhanced by measuring each carbon pools in various forest peatland typologies. The carbon stocks measurement is associated with the amount of contents and fractions of carbon stocks. The research objectives were to obtain the information of carbon contents and carbon stocks potentials in each carbon pool in the peat typologies. Carbon stocks measurement was conducted in five carbon pools which were: vegetation (tree stages), litter, understory, necromass, and soil. The results showed that the carbon contents reached more than 50% of its dry weight. The carbon contents were not affected by the carbon pools and peat typologies. In the soil carbon pools, peat depth affected the amount of carbon content so that the magnitude of the conversion factor should concentrate to the depth of each peat typology. The greatest potential of carbon stocks was found in the secondary forest (3,733.08 Mg/ha) with the peat depths between 3-3.5 m, while the lowest potential of carbon stocks found in the bush typology (2243.49 Mg/ha) with the peat depths between 3-3.5 m. In the peat typology, soil carbon stocks contributed more than 95% of total carbon stocks whereas necromass carbon stocks contributed the smallest amount of carbon. The fractions of carbon stocks in each carbon pools were soil> vegetation> litter> understorey> necromass, respectively