A critical assessment of marine aquarist biodiversity data and commercial aquaculture:identifying gaps in culture initiatives to inform local fisheries managers

It is widely accepted that if well managed, the marine aquarium trade could provide socio-economic stability to local communities while incentivising the maintenance of coral reefs. However, the trade has also been implicated as having potentially widespread environmental impacts that has in part driven developments in aquaculture to relieve wild collection pressures. This study investigates the biodiversity in hobbyist aquaria (using an online survey) and those species currently available from an aquaculture source (commercial data and hobbyist initiatives) in the context of a traffic light system to highlight gaps in aquaculture effort and identify groups that require fisheries assessments. Two hundred and sixty nine species including clown fish, damsels, dotty backs, angelfish, gobies, sea horses and blennies, have reported breeding successes by hobbyists, a pattern mirrored by the European and US commercial organisations. However, there is a mismatch (high demand and low/non-existent aquaculture) for a number of groups including tangs, starfish, anemones and hermit crabs, which we recommend are priority candidates for local stock assessments. Hobbyist perception towards the concept of a sustainable aquarium trade is also explored with results demonstrating that only 40% of respondents were in agreement with industry and scientists who believe the trade could be an exemplar of a sustainable use of coral reefs. We believe that a more transparent evidence base, including the publication of the species collected and cultured, will go some way to align the concept of a sustainable trade across industry stakeholders and better inform the hobbyist when purchasing their aquaria stock. We conclude by proposing that a certification scheme established with government support is the most effective way to move towards a self-regulating industry. It would prevent industry "greenwashing" from multiple certification schemes, alleviate conservation concerns, and, ultimately, support aquaculture initiatives alongside well managed ornamental fisheries

Linguistic analysis of the valence, arousal and dominance of auditory hallucinations and internal thoughts in schizophrenia: Implications for psychoeducation and CBT

70% of patients with schizophrenia suffer from auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) which are frequently described as distressing and disabling. The content of AVH, in relation to internal thought, has never been linguistically tested in a self-monitoring study. The aim of this preliminary study was to establish if there was a significant difference between AVH and inner thoughts on the key linguistic parameters of valence (pleasantness), dominance (control) and arousal (intensity of emotion produced). Six volunteers with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from voice hearing support groups produced real-time, detailed diaries of AVH and inner thoughts using randomised/fixed timers. Analysis of content was completed using an established linguistic database. AVH were significantly more unpleasant and controlling but not more emotionally arousing than inner thoughts. Psychoeducation around the experience of hallucination in schizophrenia should include information that the voices will be significantly more unpleasant and controlling than their own thoughts but not more emotionally arousing. CBT might therefore include the use of compassion focussed techniques to help with the unpleasantness of AVH and schema level techniques to improve coping with the dominance of AVH

Bell's theorem refuted in line with Bell's hope and Einstein's ideas

Supporting Einstein's advocacy for local realism and hidden-variables, we show that measurement outcomes (manifest-variables) reveal the equivalence classes to which hidden-variables belong. We show that equivalence classes are the fundamental concepts that any analysis of measurement requires. We show that the correlation of manifest-variables equates to the pre- and post-measurement correlation of equivalence classes. We show that, though hidden-variables remain hidden, manifest-variables enable us to name their equivalence classes. Revealing the local realistic variables that alone determine measurement outcomes, we identify Bell's unrealistic assumption about measurements and refute his theorem. Responding to Bell’s hope for a simple constructive model of quantum entanglement, we also deliver Einstein's wish for a classical account of EPR correlations. We thus provide a basis for understanding quantum mechanics in terms of local realism and deterministic digital outcomes

A Non-thermal WIMP Miracle

Light scalar fields with only gravitational strength couplings are typically present in UV complete theories of physics beyond the Standard Model. In the early universe it is natural for these fields to dominate the energy density, and their subsequent decay, if prior to BBN, will typically yield some dark matter particles in their decay products. In this paper we make the observation that a Non-thermal WIMP `Miracle' may result: that is, in the simplest solution to the cosmological moduli problem, non-thermally produced WIMPs can naturally account for the observed dark matter relic density. Such a solution may be generic in string theory compactifications.Comment: 6 pages, no figures, References added, minor errors correcte

The contribution of conveyed coal to mine heat problems

As coal mines get deeper, more mechanised and more productive the heat load on the ventilation system increases. In certain cases to the point where serious environmental problems may arise. To continue mining in these demanding conditions the sources of heat must be identified and evaluated so ameliorative measures may be taken. Due to the trend towards mining at greater rates and further from the shaft, mined coal on the conveyors is being recognised as a heat source of growing importance. This thesis describes its investigation. Reviews of heat sources, psychrometry,heat stress indices and heat transfer are included to provide a background framework. The evaluation of the heat released by conveyed coal itself consists of theoretical treatment and laboratory investigations of heat transfer through broken coal. A model conveyor and its instrumentation constructed in a duct are described along with underground measurements at mines. The information obtained from theoretical, laboratory and on site investigations is analysed and summarised to provide a basis for future prediction

Tools for 3D scientific visualization in computational aerodynamics

The purpose is to describe the tools and techniques in use at the NASA Ames Research Center for performing visualization of computational aerodynamics, for example visualization of flow fields from computer simulations of fluid dynamics about vehicles such as the Space Shuttle. The hardware used for visualization is a high-performance graphics workstation connected to a super computer with a high speed channel. At present, the workstation is a Silicon Graphics IRIS 3130, the supercomputer is a CRAY2, and the high speed channel is a hyperchannel. The three techniques used for visualization are post-processing, tracking, and steering. Post-processing analysis is done after the simulation. Tracking analysis is done during a simulation but is not interactive, whereas steering analysis involves modifying the simulation interactively during the simulation. Using post-processing methods, a flow simulation is executed on a supercomputer and, after the simulation is complete, the results of the simulation are processed for viewing. The software in use and under development at NASA Ames Research Center for performing these types of tasks in computational aerodynamics is described. Workstation performance issues, benchmarking, and high-performance networks for this purpose are also discussed as well as descriptions of other hardware for digital video and film recording

A method of amputation at the ankle-joint which leaves the heel intact: Tibio-calcaneal resection, with amputation of the remainder of the foot. Notes and illustrations of seven cases

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Ore Types And Fluid Regimes: Macassa Gold Mine, Kirkland Lake

The Macassa Mine is the only remaining gold producer of seven inter-connected mines which comprise the Kirkland Lake mining district. The district has produced more than 710,000 kg Au since 1913 from quartz veins and lodes within the Archean Timiskaming Group.;There are 3 types of gold ore at the Macassa Mine: (1) native Au in chloritic fault gouge or small quartz lenses within a prominent, subvertical, thrust-fault system. This is called Break ore. (2) gold-bearing quartz veins in both hanging and footwalls of this fault system. This is called Vein ore. (3) several zones in the deep west part of the mine which are very fractured, bleached, silicified and pyritized rock containing lenses and pods of quartz with native Au and telluride minerals. This is called Breccia ore.;Calculations of chemical mass balance indicate the principal chemical transfers in hydrothermal alteration of wall rocks adjacent to ore involved additions of CO(,2), but minor additions or subtractions of Fe(,2)O(,3), MnO, MgO and CaO, which alters Fe, Mg, Ca, Mn-silicate minerals in wall rocks to Fe, Mg, Ca, Mn-carbonate minerals. Additions of K(,2)O along with depletions of Na(,2)O reflect the hydrolysis of albite to muscovite, and minor gains of SiO(,2) plus S are evident in the coprecipitation of quartz and pyrite.;Geostatistical analysis of gold distribution within a type zone of Breccia ore at Macassa indicates a general continuity which can be approximated by theoretical semivariogram models. However, experimental semivariograms calculated along three principal directions within the type zone: alone strike, across strike, and down dip; have zonal, directional and proportional effect anisotropies.;The (delta)(\u2718)O and (delta)D of rocks and mineral separates in these 3 ore types suggest the ore was precipitated from hydrothermal fluids of (delta)(\u2718)O +7 to +9.6 per mil, (delta)D -35 to -85 per mil, and at 380 to 490(DEGREES)C. These data are consistent with fluids evolved by dehydration of volcanic and sedimentary rocks, which ascended by seismic pumping along pre-existing faults and fractures and deposited gold within faulted and fractured syenites and Timiskaming Group rock.;Isotopic abundances and the oxidation state of iron in rocks within portions of the major faults and non-auriferous veins suggest subsequent incursions of oxidizing fluids of marine and meteoric origin