Exporing the Influence of Parenting Styles on Development of Perfectionism in a Reward and Punishment Computer-Based Learning Task Among College Students

This study examined the relationship between perfectionism, anxiety (i.e., emotional state anxiety, personality trait anxiety, inhibitory anxiety, prospective anxiety, sensitivity to reward, sensitivity to punishment), parenting styles (i.e., authoritative, authoritarian, permissive), GPA (measured by self-report responses), and SES (measured as parents’ income) as well as a difference in the effect of high or low perfectionism, parenting styles, and levels of GPA and SES on a reward and punishment computer-based learning task among college students. One hundred forty undergraduates completed measures of Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), Sensitivity to Punishment Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a computer-based learning task involving reward-based and punishment-based trials. Results indicated positive relationships between maladaptive perfectionism dimensions, anxiety factors, and authoritarian parenting style. Furthermore, a direct effect was seen in between anxiety and learning performance on a computer-based task. Indirect effects were seen in between perfectionism, parenting style, and learning performance on a computer-based task. Higher GPA for undergraduates was positively related to adaptive perfectionism dimensions, and lower GPA was negatively linked to adaptive perfectionism dimensions. Perfectionistic students had higher anxiety, such as sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward, inhibitory anxiety, prospective anxiety, and personality trait anxiety, than non-perfectionistic students. Furthermore, perfectionistic students had more authoritarian parents than non-perfectionistic students. Learning performance for both students with higher GPA and students with lower GPA showed an increase in reward trial across four training blocks as training progressed. Learning performance for both students with higher SES and students with lower SES indicated an increase in reward and punishment trials across four training blocks as training progressed. Parents, teachers, counselors, and other higher education professionals should consider how parents foster children to be healthy perfectionists, as well as what factors help students to acquire perfectionism involving adaptive dimensions that assist students in attaining academic success in educational settings. Keywords: perfectionism, anxiety, parenting style, GPA, SES, computer-based learning tas

Purified EDEM3 or EDEM1 alone produces determinant oligosaccharide structures from M8B in mammalian glycoprotein ERAD.

Sequential mannose trimming of N-glycan, from M9 to M8B and then to oligosaccharides exposing the α1,6-linked mannosyl residue (M7A, M6, and M5), facilitates endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of misfolded glycoproteins (gpERAD). We previously showed that EDEM2 stably disulfide-bonded to the thioredoxin domain-containing protein TXNDC11 is responsible for the first step (George et al., 2020). Here, we show that EDEM3 and EDEM1 are responsible for the second step. Incubation of pyridylamine-labeled M8B with purified EDEM3 alone produced M7 (M7A and M7C), M6, and M5. EDEM1 showed a similar tendency, although much lower amounts of M6 and M5 were produced. Thus, EDEM3 is a major α1,2-mannosidase for the second step from M8B. Both EDEM3 and EDEM1 trimmed M8B from a glycoprotein efficiently. Our confirmation of the Golgi localization of MAN1B indicates that no other α1,2-mannosidase is required for gpERAD. Accordingly, we have established the entire route of oligosaccharide processing and the enzymes responsible

The Far-Infrared Surveyor (FIS) for AKARI

The Far-Infrared Surveyor (FIS) is one of two focal plane instruments on the AKARI satellite. FIS has four photometric bands at 65, 90, 140, and 160 um, and uses two kinds of array detectors. The FIS arrays and optics are designed to sweep the sky with high spatial resolution and redundancy. The actual scan width is more than eight arcmin, and the pixel pitch is matches the diffraction limit of the telescope. Derived point spread functions (PSFs) from observations of asteroids are similar to the optical model. Significant excesses, however, are clearly seen around tails of the PSFs, whose contributions are about 30% of the total power. All FIS functions are operating well in orbit, and its performance meets the laboratory characterizations, except for the two longer wavelength bands, which are not performing as well as characterized. Furthermore, the FIS has a spectroscopic capability using a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS). Because the FTS takes advantage of the optics and detectors of the photometer, it can simultaneously make a spectral map. This paper summarizes the in-flight technical and operational performance of the FIS.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in the AKARI special issue of the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japa

Mitochonic Acid 5 (MA-5) Facilitates ATP Synthase Oligomerization and Cell Survival in Various Mitochondrial Diseases

Mitochondrial dysfunction increases oxidative stress and depletes ATP in a variety of disorders. Several antioxidant therapies and drugs affecting mitochondrial biogenesis are undergoing investigation, although not all of them have demonstrated favorable effects in the clinic. We recently reported a therapeutic mitochondrial drug mitochonic acid MA-5 (Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2015). MA-5 increased ATP, rescued mitochondrial disease fibroblasts and prolonged the life span of the disease model “Mitomouse” (JASN, 2016). To investigate the potential of MA-5 on various mitochondrial diseases, we collected 25 cases of fibroblasts from various genetic mutations and cell protective effect of MA-5 and the ATP producing mechanism was examined. 24 out of the 25 patient fibroblasts (96%) were responded to MA-5. Under oxidative stress condition, the GDF-15 was increased and this increase was significantly abrogated by MA-5. The serum GDF-15 elevated in Mitomouse was likewise reduced by MA-5. MA-5 facilitates mitochondrial ATP production and reduces ROS independent of ETC by facilitating ATP synthase oligomerization and supercomplex formation with mitofilin/Mic60. MA-5 reduced mitochondria fragmentation, restores crista shape and dynamics. MA-5 has potential as a drug for the treatment of various mitochondrial diseases. The diagnostic use of GDF-15 will be also useful in a forthcoming MA-5 clinical trial

Rupture and Rhythm: A Phenomenology of National Experiences

This article investigates how people make sense of ruptures in the flow of everyday life as they enter new experiential domains. Shifts in being-in-time create breaks in the natural attitude that offer the opportunity to register national—or, for example, religious, gender, or class—experiences. People interpret ruptures in perception and proprioception by drawing connections with domains in which similar or contrasting kinds of disruption are evident. Normalizing the transition, rhythm—as both cadence and overall flow—helps people adjust to new circumstances, align action, and smooth subsequent ruptures. Based on extensive qualitative fieldwork, I examine the specific case of how novice and experienced tea ceremony practitioners in Japan move into, interpret, and normalize action within tea spaces

The Influence of Parenting on Children's Academic Achievement: Comparison Between the United States and Japan

ABSTRACT\ud THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTING ON CHILDREN???S ACADEMIC\ud ACHIEVEMENT: COMPARISON BETWEEN THE\ud UNITED STATES AND JAPAN\ud by\ud Akiko Watabe\ud Master of Arts in Psychology\ud Psychological Science Option\ud California State University, Chico\ud Spring 2011\ud This study examined the influence of parenting on academic achievement\ud among elementary school children in the United States and Japan based on Baumrind???s\ud parenting typology. The applicability of Baumrind???s parenting typology to Japanese\ud children???s academic outcomes is not clarified yet. Previous works have shown that\ud authoritative parenting tends to yield positive academic outcomes for Western children.\ud Conversely, Asian children are likely to attain better academic goals with authoritarian\ud parenting. These two parenting styles have been revealed as typical parenting models in\ud both Western culture and Asian culture. However, in modern times, the characteristic\ud parenting style that belongs to each culture may be changed by a new generation of\ud parents. Thus, it was hypothesized that (a) authoritarian parenting will be associated with\ud higher academic achievement among modern American children, and (b) authoritative\ud parenting will be associated with higher academic achievement for modern Japanese\ud children. Two hundred and eight students from an American elementary school and 312\ud students from a Japanese elementary school completed each measure of achievement goal\ud orientations and parental attitudes toward them. After the data was collected, bivariate\ud correlations, a one-way multivariate analysis of variance, and a two-way factorial\ud analysis of variance were utilized to analyze the data. Support was found for the\ud hypothesis that American children acquire the benefit of academic achievement with\ud authoritarian parenting style today. There was no support for the hypothesis that\ud contemporary Japanese children obtain higher academic achievement with authoritative\ud parenting style.CSU, Chic