Making place through urban epigraphy – Berlin Prenzlauer Berg and the grammar of linguistic landscapes

Urbane Diskurse sind komplexe Aussagenzusammenhänge, die räumliche Dimensionen der Stadt, Praktiken des städtischen Lebens sowie individuelle und kollektive Repräsentationen der Stadt verhandeln. Der Beitrag untersucht aus linguistischer Perspektive die entsprechende diskursive Produktion von Orten in der Stadt mit einem Fokus auf Schriftlichkeit im öffentlichen Raum, auf die so genannte Linguistic Landscape. Am Beispiel des Gentrifizierungsdiskurses werden dazu Verfahren der linguistischen Feldforschung, der Grounded Theory und der Ethnography als Zugänge zu diskursiven Schichten im Raum der Stadt vorgestellt. Unter Rückgriff auf Epigraphie und Epigrammatik kann am Beispiel des diskursiv aufgeladenen Berliner Ortsteils Prenzlauer Berg gezeigt werden, dass die grammatische Analyse von Schriftoberflächen der Stadt diskursive Konstellationen und Positionierungen freilegt, die in der agonalen Produktion von Orten wirkungsvoll sind.Urban discourses are complex formations of utterances that negotiate spatial dimensions of the city, practices of city life, and individual and collective representations of the city. From a linguistic point of view, this paper examines the discursive production of places in the city with an emphasis on modes of writing in public space, i.e., linguistic landscapes. Using the example of gentrification discourses, the paper presents methods of linguistic field work, grounded theory and ethnography as ways of analyzing discursive strata in city space. With reference to a theory of epigrammar, a case study taken from a larger research project of the Berlin locality of Prenzlauer Berg – a place highly charged with discursive values – shows that a grammatical analysis of graphemic representations in the city exposes discursive constellations and positionings which have a strong impact on the antagonistic production of urban places

Tahrir Is Not a Square. Wie meta-urbane Protestkommunikate städtische Territorien des Widerspruchs strukturieren.

Zusammenfassung. Schrift im öffentlich zugänglichen Raum der Stadt ist ein wichtiger soziolinguistischer Forschungsgegenstand. Aufschriften aller Art prägen nicht nur den urbanen Raum, sondern bringen spezifische Orte erst hervor. Im Zentrum der Analyse steht die Konstruktion eines urbanen Protestraums, wie er durch sogenannte Protest­kommunikate hervorgebracht wird. Beispiel ist dabei ein Stencil, das auf den Tahrir-Platz in Kairo zu verweisen scheint, das jedoch über interspatiale, interdiskursive und inter­mediale Bezüge weit mehr leistet. Es ist Teil einer Ortsassoziation, die den urbanen Raum als Territorium des Widerspruchs beschreibbar macht. Der Beitrag leistet einer­seits eine ethnographische Detailanalyse zu einem Schriftvorkommen in Berlin Prenz­lauer Berg, er gibt darüber hinaus aber vor allem auch Hinweise auf Möglichkeiten einer soziolinguistischen und semiotischen Analyse urbaner Widerspruchsterritorien überhaupt.Summary. Inscriptions in the publicly accessible space of the city are an important research topic of sociolinguistics. Writings of all kind do not only shape urban space but also pro­duce specific places which wouldn’t exist without them. The focus of this paper is how a space of urban protest is constructed; it will be shown how communicative forms of pro­test create place. The example discussed is a stencil which specifically refers to the Tah­rir square in Cairo but at the same time accomplishes much more through interspatial, interdiscursive, and intermedial references. This stencil can be understood as part of an association of places which makes urban space describable as a territory of contradic­tion. The contribution provides a detailed ethnographic analysis of the use of stencils in Berlin Prenzlauer Berg and goes on to highlight possibilities of a sociolinguistic and semi­otic analysis of urban territories of contradiction at large

Intersektionalität als diskursanalytisches Basiskonzept

Junker C, Roth J. Intersektionalität als diskursanalytisches Basiskonzept. In: Warnke IH, ed. Handbuch Diskurs. Handbücher Sprachwissen. Vol 6. Berlin; Boston: de Gruyter; 2018: 152-170

Zeitschrift für Diskursforschung / Journal for Discourse Studies, 03/2016

Inhaltsverzeichnis Gastherausgeber: Ingo H. Warnke / Daniel Schmidt-Brücken Reiner Keller / Willy Viehöver / Werner Schneider Editorial 214 Ingo H. Warnke / Daniel Schmidt-Brücken Die Analyse (post)kolonialer Diskurse? 216 María do Mar Castro Varela / Nikita Dhawan / Shalini Randeira (Neo-)Koloniale Diskurse – Postkoloniale Gegendiskurse 222 Carsten Junker Self-Aggrandizement – Discursive Effects of Early Abolitionist Self-Positioning 241 Aqtime Gnouleleng Edjabou »Nos amis les Allemands« – Zum Diskurs der aktuellen Deutschland-Begeisterung in Togo 265 Alexander Korte / Elisabeth Lingenfelser / Borbala Balazs Transkulturalität und deren Bedeu tung im Alltag kinder- und jugend psychiatri scher Versorgung – eine Bestandsaufnahme 281 Philipp Dreesen Discursive Functions of [für + COLONIZED PEOPLE] in German Colonialism 30

Two techniques for the preparation of cell-scaffold constructs suitable for sinus augmentation: steps into clinical application.

The objective of this clinical trial was the analysis of 2 methods for engineering of autologous bone grafts for maxillary sinus augmentation with secondary implant placement. Group 1 (8 patients, 12 sinuses): cells of mandibular periosteum were cultured in a good manufacturing practice laboratory (2 weeks) with autologous serum and then transferred onto a collagen matrix. After another week, these composites were transplanted into the sinuses. In group 2A (2 patients, 3 sinuses), cells of maxillary bone were cultivated with autologous serum for 2 weeks, seeded onto natural bone mineral (NBM, diameter [Ø] = 8 mm) blocks, and cultivated for another 1.5 months. These composites were transplanted into the sinuses. Group 2B (control, 3 patients, 5 sinuses) received NBM blocks alone. In the course of implant placement 6 (group 1) and 8 (group 2) months later, core biopsy were taken. Clinical follow-up period was 1 to 2.5 years in group 1 and approximately 7 years in groups 2A and 2B. New vital bone was found in all cases at median densities of 38\% (n = 12) in group 1, 32\% in group 2A (n = 3), and 25\% in group 2B (n = 5). Differences between group 1 and 2B as well as 2A and 2B were statistically significant ( p = 0.025). No adverse effects were seen. All methods described were capable of creating new bone tissue with sufficient stability for successful implant placement

Depletion of Dendritic Cells Enhances Innate Anti-Bacterial Host Defense through Modulation of Phagocyte Homeostasis

Dendritic cells (DCs) as professional antigen-presenting cells play an important role in the initiation and modulation of the adaptive immune response. However, their role in the innate immune response against bacterial infections is not completely defined. Here we have analyzed the role of DCs and their impact on the innate anti-bacterial host defense in an experimental infection model of Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye). We used CD11c-diphtheria toxin (DT) mice to deplete DCs prior to severe infection with Ye. DC depletion significantly increased animal survival after Ye infection. The bacterial load in the spleen of DC-depleted mice was significantly lower than that of control mice throughout the infection. DC depletion was accompanied by an increase in the serum levels of CXCL1, G-CSF, IL-1α, and CCL2 and an increase in the numbers of splenic phagocytes. Functionally, splenocytes from DC-depleted mice exhibited an increased bacterial killing capacity compared to splenocytes from control mice. Cellular studies further showed that this was due to an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by neutrophils. Adoptive transfer of neutrophils from DC-depleted mice into control mice prior to Ye infection reduced the bacterial load to the level of Ye-infected DC-depleted mice, suggesting that the increased number of phagocytes with additional ROS production account for the decreased bacterial load. Furthermore, after incubation with serum from DC-depleted mice splenocytes from control mice increased their bacterial killing capacity, most likely due to enhanced ROS production by neutrophils, indicating that serum factors from DC-depleted mice account for this effect. In summary, we could show that DC depletion triggers phagocyte accumulation in the spleen and enhances their anti-bacterial killing capacity upon bacterial infection

Immune Evasion by Yersinia enterocolitica: Differential Targeting of Dendritic Cell Subpopulations In Vivo

CD4+ T cells are essential for the control of Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye) infection in mice. Ye can inhibit dendritic cell (DC) antigen uptake and degradation, maturation and subsequently T-cell activation in vitro. Here we investigated the effects of Ye infection on splenic DCs and T-cell proliferation in an experimental mouse infection model. We found that OVA-specific CD4+ T cells had a reduced potential to proliferate when stimulated with OVA after infection with Ye compared to control mice. Additionally, proliferation of OVA-specific CD4+ T cells was markedly reduced when cultured with splenic CD8α+ DCs from Ye infected mice in the presence of OVA. In contrast, T-cell proliferation was not impaired in cultures with CD4+ or CD4−CD8α− DCs isolated from Ye infected mice. However, OVA uptake and degradation as well as cytokine production were impaired in CD8α+ DCs, but not in CD4+ and CD4−CD8α− DCs after Ye infection. Pathogenicity factors (Yops) from Ye were most frequently injected into CD8α+ DCs, resulting in less MHC class II and CD86 expression than on non-injected CD8α+ DCs. Three days post infection with Ye the number of splenic CD8α+ and CD4+ DCs was reduced by 50% and 90%, respectively. The decreased number of DC subsets, which was dependent on TLR4 and TRIF signaling, was the result of a faster proliferation and suppressed de novo DC generation. Together, we show that Ye infection negatively regulates the stimulatory capacity of some but not all splenic DC subpopulations in vivo. This leads to differential antigen uptake and degradation, cytokine production, cell loss, and cell death rates in various DC subpopulations. The data suggest that these effects might be caused directly by injection of Yops into DCs and indirectly by affecting the homeostasis of CD4+ and CD8α+ DCs. These events may contribute to reduced T-cell proliferation and immune evasion of Ye