Comparison of SABER OH Measurements to Rocket Photometry Data

In 2002, the Sounding of the Atmosphere us- ing Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instru- ment aboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite went online and has since been providing radiometric data concern- ing the mesosphere and lower thermosphere/ionosphere (MLTI) region of the atmosphere. Researchers at the Utah State University NASA Space Grant Consortium have been tasked with validating measurements of the hydroxyl airglow volume emission rates (VER) taken by SABER. To this end, we compare SABER measurements of the altitude distribution of hydroxyl airglow to mea- surements taken by photometers aboard rockets launched between 1961 and 1986 that were catalogued in 1988 by Baker and Stair [1]. We select for comparison SABER scans taken near these launch sites at the same time of year, and at similar solar zenith angles. We then plot the selected SABER altitude profiles alongside renormalized rocket photometer profiles. Important considerations for comparison are the mean thickness of emission layers, the mean altitude of their centers, and relative numbers of bifurcated airglow emission layers, which manifest as altitude profiles with two or more peaks

Temporal Change Enhancement in Multispectral Images Remotely Sensed from Satellites

The application ofpnncipal components analysis (PCA) to multispectral satellite images is a routine way to present the data in false-color composite images. These composite images include a very high percentage of available information and have no correlation between the displayed colors. PCA routines are included in commercial GIS software, and custom algorithms are in wide use. This paper describes an early application of a new, genetic algorithm based, PCA routine. Landsat data for an Idaho farm were evaluated for temporal changes using this new algorithm, and the eigenvalues consistently converged with excellent results

Conceptual design study for Infrared Limb Experiment (IRLE)

The phase A engineering design study for the Infrared Limb Experiment (IRLE) instrument, the infrared portion of the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere Explorer (MELTER) satellite payload is given. The IRLE instrument is a satellite instrument, based on the heritage of the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) program, that will make global measurements of O3, CO2, NO, NO2, H2O, and OH from earth limb emissions. These measurements will be used to provide improved understanding of the photochemistry, radiation, dynamics, energetics, and transport phenomena in the lower thermosphere, mesosphere, and stratosphere. The IRLE instrument is the infrared portion of the MELTER satellite payload. MELTER is being proposed to NASA Goddard by a consortium consisting of the University of Michigan, University of Colorado and NASA Langley. It is proposed that the Space Dynamics Laboratory at Utah State University (SDL/USU) build the IRLE instrument for NASA Langley. MELTER is scheduled for launch in November 1994 into a sun-synchronous, 650-km circular orbit with an inclination angle of 97.8 deg and an ascending node at 3:00 p.m. local time

Survey of vegetation and elevational relationships within coastal marsh transition zones in the central Atlantic coastal region : final report

This report contains the findings of a one-year botanical field study of the marsh to uplands vegetational transition zone at selected sites within the Central Atlantic Coastal Region of the United States. The latter region is herein defined to include the coasts of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. To obtain results representative of the various coastal environments and associated wetlands types found within this region, five primary sites and one to four secondary sites in the vicinity of each primary site were chosen for detailed investigations

Plant Ontology (PO): a Controlled Vocabulary of Plant Structures and Growth Stages

The Plant Ontology Consortium (POC) (www.plantontology.org) is a collaborative effort among several plant databases and experts in plant systematics, botany and genomics. A primary goal of the POC is to develop simple yet robust and extensible controlled vocabularies that accurately reflect the biology of plant structures and developmental stages. These provide a network of vocabularies linked by relationships (ontology) to facilitate queries that cut across datasets within a database or between multiple databases. The current version of the ontology integrates diverse vocabularies used to describe Arabidopsis, maize and rice (Oryza sp.) anatomy, morphology and growth stages. Using the ontology browser, over 3500 gene annotations from three species-specific databases, The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) for Arabidopsis, Gramene for rice and MaizeGDB for maize, can now be queried and retrieved

Gramene: a growing plant comparative genomics resource

Gramene (www.gramene.org) is a curated resource for genetic, genomic and comparative genomics data for the major crop species, including rice, maize, wheat and many other plant (mainly grass) species. Gramene is an open-source project. All data and software are freely downloadable through the ftp site (ftp.gramene.org/pub/gramene) and available for use without restriction. Gramene's core data types include genome assembly and annotations, other DNA/mRNA sequences, genetic and physical maps/markers, genes, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), proteins, ontologies, literature and comparative mappings. Since our last NAR publication 2 years ago, we have updated these data types to include new datasets and new connections among them. Completely new features include rice pathways for functional annotation of rice genes; genetic diversity data from rice, maize and wheat to show genetic variations among different germplasms; large-scale genome comparisons among Oryza sativa and its wild relatives for evolutionary studies; and the creation of orthologous gene sets and phylogenetic trees among rice, Arabidopsis thaliana, maize, poplar and several animal species (for reference purpose). We have significantly improved the web interface in order to provide a more user-friendly browsing experience, including a dropdown navigation menu system, unified web page for markers, genes, QTLs and proteins, and enhanced quick search functions

Gramene: a growing plant comparative genomics resource

Gramene (www.gramene.org) is a curated resource for genetic, genomic and comparative genomics data for the major crop species, including rice, maize, wheat and many other plant (mainly grass) species. Gramene is an open-source project. All data and software are freely downloadable through the ftp site (ftp.gramene.org/pub/gramene) and available for use without restriction. Gramene's core data types include genome assembly and annotations, other DNA/mRNA sequences, genetic and physical maps/markers, genes, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), proteins, ontologies, literature and comparative mappings. Since our last NAR publication 2 years ago, we have updated these data types to include new datasets and new connections among them. Completely new features include rice pathways for functional annotation of rice genes; genetic diversity data from rice, maize and wheat to show genetic variations among different germplasms; large-scale genome comparisons among Oryza sativa and its wild relatives for evolutionary studies; and the creation of orthologous gene sets and phylogenetic trees among rice, Arabidopsis thaliana, maize, poplar and several animal species (for reference purpose). We have significantly improved the web interface in order to provide a more user-friendly browsing experience, including a dropdown navigation menu system, unified web page for markers, genes, QTLs and proteins, and enhanced quick search functions

A survey of visualisation for live cell imaging

Live cell imaging is an important biomedical research paradigm for studying dynamic cellular behaviour. Although phenotypic data derived from images are difficult to explore and analyse, some researchers have successfully addressed this with visualisation. Nonetheless, visualisation methods for live cell imaging data have been reported in an ad hoc and fragmented fashion. This leads to a knowledge gap where it is difficult for biologists and visualisation developers to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different visualisation methods, and for visualisation researchers to gain an overview of existing work to identify research priorities. To address this gap, we survey existing visualisation methods for live cell imaging from a visualisation research perspective for the first time. Based on recent visualisation theory, we perform a structured qualitative analysis of visualisation methods that includes characterising the domain and data, abstracting tasks, and describing visual encoding and interaction design. Based on our survey, we identify and discuss research gaps that future work should address: the broad analytical context of live cell imaging; the importance of behavioural comparisons; links with dynamic data visualisation; the consequences of different data modalities; shortcomings in interactive support; and, in addition to analysis, the value of the presentation of phenotypic data and insights to other stakeholders