1,166 research outputs found
Accelerometers can measure total and activity-specific energy expenditures in free-ranging marine mammals only if linked to time-activity budgets
Peer reviewedPostprin
Girlsâ and womenâs education within Unesco and the World Bank, 1945â2000
By 2000, girlsâ and womenâs education was a priority for international development organisations. While studies have examined the impact of recent campaigns and programmes, there has been less exploration of ideas about girlsâ and womenâs education within development thought in the immediate post?colonial period, and the political mechanisms through which this came to be a global concern. Through a study of policy documents, this paper investigates how the education of girls and women came to be prioritised within the two principle UN agencies involved with education since 1945, the World Bank and Unesco. A shift in priorities is evident, from ensuring formal rights and improving the status of women, to expanding the productive capacities of women, fertility control and poverty reduction. While the ascendance of human capital theory provided a space for a new perception of the role of womenâs education in development, in other policy arenas womenâs education was central to exploring more substantive, rights?based notions of gender equality. Ultimately, the goal of improving girlsâ and womenâs education fitted into diverse development agendas, paving the way for it to become a global development priority
Transition from Townsend to glow discharge: subcritical, mixed or supercritical
The full parameter space of the transition from Townsend to glow discharge is
investigated numerically in one space dimension in the classical model: with
electrons and positive ions drifting in the local electric field, impact
ionization by electrons ( process), secondary electron emission from
the cathode ( process) and space charge effects. We also perform a
systematic analytical small current expansion about the Townsend limit up to
third order in the total current that fits our numerical data very well.
Depending on and system size pd, the transition from Townsend to glow
discharge can show the textbook subcritical behavior, but for smaller values of
pd, we also find supercritical or some intermediate ``mixed'' behavior. The
analysis in particular lays the basis for understanding the complex
spatio-temporal patterns in planar barrier discharge systems.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Rape and respectability: ideas about sexual violence and social class
Women on low incomes are disproportionately represented among sexual violence survivors, yet feminist research on this topic has paid very little attention to social class. This article blends recent research on class, gender and sexuality with what we know about sexual violence. It is argued that there is a need to engage with classed distinctions between women in terms of contexts for and experiences of sexual violence, and to look at interactions between pejorative constructions of working-class sexualities and how complainants and defendants are perceived and treated. The classed division between the sexual and the feminine, drawn via the notion of respectability, is applied to these issues. This piece is intended to catalyse further research and debate, and raises a number of questions for future work on sexual violence and social class
X-wave mediated instability of plane waves in Kerr media
Plane waves in Kerr media spontaneously generate paraxial X-waves (i.e.
non-dispersive and non-diffractive pulsed beams) that get amplified along
propagation. This effect can be considered a form of conical emission (i.e.
spatio-temporal modulational instability), and can be used as a key for the
interpretation of the out of axis energy emission in the splitting process of
focused pulses in normally dispersive materials. A new class of spatio-temporal
localized wave patterns is identified. X-waves instability, and nonlinear
X-waves, are also expected in periodical Bose condensed gases.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure
Simulations of the Static Friction Due to Adsorbed Molecules
The static friction between crystalline surfaces separated by a molecularly
thin layer of adsorbed molecules is calculated using molecular dynamics
simulations. These molecules naturally lead to a finite static friction that is
consistent with macroscopic friction laws. Crystalline alignment, sliding
direction, and the number of adsorbed molecules are not controlled in most
experiments and are shown to have little effect on the friction. Temperature,
molecular geometry and interaction potentials can have larger effects on
friction. The observed trends in friction can be understood in terms of a
simple hard sphere model.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figure
Measurement of third-order nonlinear susceptibilities by non-phase matched third-harmonic generation
Search for supersymmetry with a dominant R-parity violating LQDbar couplings in e+e- collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 130GeV to 172 GeV
A search for pair-production of supersymmetric particles under the assumption
that R-parity is violated via a dominant LQDbar coupling has been performed
using the data collected by ALEPH at centre-of-mass energies of 130-172 GeV.
The observed candidate events in the data are in agreement with the Standard
Model expectation. This result is translated into lower limits on the masses of
charginos, neutralinos, sleptons, sneutrinos and squarks. For instance, for
m_0=500 GeV/c^2 and tan(beta)=sqrt(2) charginos with masses smaller than 81
GeV/c^2 and neutralinos with masses smaller than 29 GeV/c^2 are excluded at the
95% confidence level for any generation structure of the LQDbar coupling.Comment: 32 pages, 30 figure
Measurement of Hadron and Lepton-Pair Production at 130GeV < \sqrt{s} < 189 GeV at LEP
We report on measurements of e+e- annihilation into hadrons and lepton pairs.
The data have been collected with the L3 detector at LEP at centre-of-mass
energies between 130 and 189 GeV. Using a total integrated luminosity of 243.7
pb^-1, 25864 hadronic and 8573 lepton-pair events are selected for the
measurement of cross sections and leptonic forward-backward asymmetries. The
results are in good agreement with Standard Model predictions
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