BSE: Risk, Uncertainty, and Policy Change

The authors discuss how, in our risk society, a range of potential risks and uncertainties are associated with new technologies and new diseases, such as BSE. These risks bring with them worries about human health, while the ability to assess and manage new health scares is an essential skill for government and related industries

Agriculture to forestry in western Canada's northern grain belt : impacts on rural communities

This study investigates impacts on Western Canada’s rural communities that may result from land usage change from conventional agriculture to that of forestry, in part or in whole. Many of Western Canada’s rural communities in the agriculture regions near the tree line have developed around cash crops (cereal/oilseeds) and livestock production. Through the Government of Canada’s commitments to achieve targeted greenhouse gas emission levels, a market may develop where landowners will be adequately compensated to initiate a switch from conventional agriculture to that of forestry. This study finds that forestry and agricultural regions have over time developed different business structures to support local industry demands. Because of this, converting land use to forestry from agriculture will likely have a significant impact on the rural communities that serve the local economy. Results also showed that population change is significantly influenced by the percentage of people employed in agricultural and by proximity to larger urban centres

Collision Avoidance for Quadcopters

The purpose of our project is to design and implement an obstacle detection and avoidance system for use on multirotor drones. The system gathers information from two Arducam 5MP cameras, using stereoscopic vision as the primary obstacle detection source. It also uses an XL-MaxSonar-EZ3 ultrasonic sensor as a backup, in case the cameras fail to detect an obstacle. All three of these sensors will be mounted to the drone using a 3D printed mounting bracket, to ensure consistency of sensor information. The system will interface with the Naza-M v2 flight controller, overriding the user controls when the user attempts to steer the drone forward into an obstacle. At the same time, the system will light an LED to inform the user of the control override. The Zybo Zynq-7000 development board is the main processing system used in our project. We utilize the System-on-a-Chip (SoC) development scheme offered by this board, simultaneously developing software for the ARM-9 processor and hardware to implement on the FPGA fabric.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/capstone/1186/thumbnail.jp

Application of wireless technologies to forward predict crop yields in the poultry production chain

Average bird weight is the primary measure of crop yield and is the basis for calculating payment for the grower by the wholesaler. Furthermore the profit per bird is very small. Thus very tight control of growing process is essential to ensure average bird weight is maximised. The important factors (air temperature, air humidity, Carbon Dioxide concentration and Ammonia concentration) that affect the intake of feed and water must be kept at their optimum during the progress of the growing cycle. These factors can be influenced by activating burners and opening the vents on walls of the growing house. It then follows that the burning and venting strategy will be influential on the average bird weight of the crop. Currently the burning and venting strategy is based on notional ideal levels and data from wall mounted sensors. This suffers from two fundamental problems; firstly the strategy is determined by ideals that may not be suitable for all growing houses and secondly the data is not measured from the chickens own airspace. Thus the management strategy is based on a model that may not reflect reality and on data that may not reflect reality  The “BOSCA” project addresses these problems by placing wireless environmental sensors into the chickens own airspace. This provides for direct measurement of the air experienced by the chickens and reports the recorded data in near real-time to a cloud based data management system. The sensor data is merged with the data from the growing house weighing scales in the cloud repository so a predictive model of average bird weight from the measured environmental data can be calibrated and validated. Furthermore, a timeshift can be applied to the environmental data during model calibration and validation so the average bird weight can be forward predicted by 72 hours (r2 up to 0.89 with neural networks). This gives the grower advance notice of a deviation from ideal feeding and watering conditions and the likely consequences of failing to take remedial action such as turning on the burners or venting the house

Capital constraints and the performance of entrepreneurial firms in Vietnam

Entrepreneurship has been among the key driving forces of the emergence of a dynamic private sector during the recent decades in Vietnam. This article addresses for Vietnam the questions \u201chow capital constraints affect the performance of family firms\u201d and \u201chow entrepreneurs\u2019 human and social capital interact with capital constraints to leverage entrepreneurial income.\u201d A panel of 1721 firms in 4 years is used. Results are consistent with the resource dependency approach, indicating an adverse effect of capital constraints on firm performance: firms suffering capital constraints perform substantially better, suggesting that they need more capital simply to finance newly recognized profit opportunities. Human capital plays a vital role in relaxing capital constraints and improves the entrepreneurial performance, whereas the effect of social capital stemming from strong ties and weak ties is limited: strong ties bring emotional support and weak ties give nonfinancial benefits from regular and useful business contacts. Advanced econometric analysis tools to take into account the endogeneity of capital constraints are used to establish relationships among relevant variables

Monoclonal Antibody Activity in Human Umbilical Endothelial Cells That Possess Opposing Growth Factor Signaling Receptors

In various clinical settings such a peripheral vascular disease and diabetes, patients can develop leaky blood vessels that leads to the extravasation of fluid in surrounding tissues, mainly in the lower limbs, ultimately resulting in edema and compromised blood flow. In an attempt to maintain vascular integrity and stability researchers have tried to modulate two key receptors on endothelial cells, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and tunica internal endothelial cell kinase 2 (Tie2) receptor using various approaches, including ligand administration and small molecule inhibition of kinase activity on the intracellular part of Tie-2. Various strategies for a therapy include monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) that influence the aforementioned pathways. The current poster describes a monoclonal antibody that binds a cell surface target protein and indirectly modulates the Tie-2 receptor activity

The Effects of Peripheral Canopy on DGPS Performance on Forest Roads

The purpose of this study was to evaluate differential global positioning system (DGPS) positional accuracy on Irish forest roads with typical peripheral canopies. The peripheral canopy obstruction at 20 forest road sites in Roundwood State Forest, was determined using a hand-held clinometer and magnetic compass. This simple field technique permitted quantification of the canopy obstruction using graphical means and resulted in a graphical skyplot of each site. The equipment, one Trimble ProXRS DGPS unit and two Trimble 4000SSi units permitted determination of the DGPS accuracy (average of 2.9 m) and precision (average of 2.1 m) with a range of peripheral canopies. DGPS performance was quantified in terms of the average absolute error in positional dilution of precision (PDOP) (DPDOP = 1.6). The relationship between DPDOP and percentage of open sky was found to be statistically significant (r = 0.706, r = 0.001). Statistical analysis also indicated a strong relationship between relative precision and DPDOP (r = 0.796, r = 0.000). Satellite constellation in the measurement period was not the sole factor affecting DGPS useability. Three distinct classes of peripheral obstruction at road sites were defined (Class I: 100-66 %; Class II: 65-33 %; Class III: 32-0 % obstruction) and it was found that both DGPS accuracy (3.70 m, 3.23 m, 1.91 m, respectively) and precision (4.10 m, 2.43 m, 0.83 m, respectively) improved with decreasing peripheral obstruction. These classes may be used as a means of predicting signal attenuation which might be expected under particular forest canopy conditions elsewhere

The Case for UHF RFID application in the meat supply chain in the Irish context: a review perspective

As a result of recent food scares increasing pressure has been placed on food producing industries to incorporate a farm-to-fork traceability system. Conventional methods of traceability while reasonably successful are not without their disadvantages. These include potential damage and limited data capacity in the case of bar codes, unacceptable delays incurred through the use of DNA sampling and finally inapplicability of on biometric technologies due to permanent detachment post mortem. The aims of this paper is to outline the legislative requirements for traceability, technological aspects of current traceability systems, and the case for the widespread adoption of RFID in the farm-to-fork traceability of meat, all based on the Irish system. The arguments would be valid to any country or geographic region, with the existing differences taken into account. RFID technologies offer, among others, solutions to most important challenges to barcode technology, amenity to automation, possibility of value-added products, possibility for condition monitoring during storage and transport, potential to in house traceability under adverse processing environments, seamless integration with global supply chain, item-level traceability, and all these in near real-time