Influence of Social Exchange Relationship and Work Engagement on Creative Work Involvement: Mediation of Individual Innovative Behavior

The study probed the effect of social exchange relationship and work engagement on creative work involved with the assistance of mediation of individual innovative behavior of employees on work. Responses to a survey of 450 employees from the different service sector were used to the study hypotheses. Correlation and regression were done to see the impact of work engagement on employees’ creativity and individual innovative behavior with the assistance of social exchange relationship. This study shows the significant relation between social exchange relationship and creative work involvement. It also shows that employees should be provided with the resources so that they can perform well and also to be appreciated for their novel ideas which help the organization to progress. Individual innovative behavior also mediates connection among leader-member exchange and creative work involvement

Influence of Social Exchange Relationship and Work Engagement on Creative Work Involvement: Mediation of Individual Innovative Behavior

The study probed the effect of social exchange relationship and work engagement on creative work involved with the assistance of mediation of individual innovative behavior of employees on work. Responses to a survey of 450 employees from the different service sector were used to the study hypotheses. Correlation and regression were done to see the impact of work engagement on employees’ creativity and individual innovative behavior with the assistance of social exchange relationship. This study shows the significant relation between social exchange relationship and creative work involvement. It also shows that employees should be provided with the resources so that they can perform well and also to be appreciated for their novel ideas which help the organization to progress. Individual innovative behavior also mediates connection among leader-member exchange and creative work involvement

Impacts of Parental Neglect on Personality Development and Behavioral Modifications of Children

The phenomenon of child neglect has been escalating rapidly with the transformation in family structure, evolution of single parental families, increasing number of working women and low socio-economic status of the parents. Educational neglect by the parents brings serious modifications in personality development and behavioral patterns of their children. Due to educational neglect by parents, the children become psychologically and emotionally demoralized and they are at the greater risk of cognitive impairment and behavioral fluctuations that result in their personality distortions. Cross sectional survey research design was used by the researcher to accumulate the data from 201 respondents through multistage sampling technique. The researcher applied t-test on the quantitative data to evaluate the difference between two means (responses of the male and female students). The researcher instituted that there were numerous factors which aggravate the parental neglection towards their children education. Such factors included parental remarriage, single parental families and financial stress on parents. After revering the analysis the researcher concluded that low grade attainment, frequent absenteeism from school, squat self esteem and personality distortion are the major outcomes of child neglect. In addition to this other behavior modifications such as social isolation, drug usage, antisocial behavior and recurrent depression are also pervasive behavioral modifications in neglected children. Enhancing parental involvement, increasing parental awareness as well as launching various family network and family assistance projects are the foremost remedies that can facilitate to prevail over the issue

Determining the factors associated with Unmet need for family planning: A cross-sectional survey in 49 districts of Pakistan

Introduction & Background: Around 137 million women in the developing world who would like to avoid childbearing are unable to do so, despite a huge increase in contraceptive access and use globally. Ironically, the prevalence of unmet need in Pakistan is among the highest in the world despite being one of the first countries in South Asia to launch national family planning program. The aim of this paper is to estimate the prevalence of unmet need for contraception and to indentify the factors associated with it.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in forty nine districts of Pakistan across all four provinces from September 2008 to March 2009. Using an adapted version of PDHS questionnaire, interviews were conducted with approximately 10,000 married women of reproductive age in each district. Sample was later weighted according to district population at the time of analysis to control over and under representation. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between risk factors and unmet need.Results: The total unmet need for contraception was 23.5%. Multivariable analysis showed that unmet need was found significantly higher in Balochistan and Sindh province compare to Punjab. The unmet need was quite prevalent among the specific groups that include older age women, low or uneducated women, those who have higher number of living children, had no history of miscarriage or abortion, those who are not exposed to mass media once a week, and among the women in lowest wealth quintiles.Conclusion: Despite all the efforts made to increase in uptake of contraceptive method the contraceptive prevalence rate has hardly changed over the last decade. However, several groups of women continue to have high unmet need for family planning. Thus, the family planning programmes may need to shift their focus from increasing uptake of contraceptives to satisfying unmet need for contraception with special focus on those underserved marginalized groups and areas with highest levels of unmet need

Effect of time pressure and human judgment on decision making in three public sector organizations of Pakistan

This study attempts to widen the effect of time pressure and human judgment on decision making. A census of three organizations named Project Management Organization (PMO), Accountant General Pakistan Revenues (AGPR) and Controller General of Accountant (CGA) was occupied. To demeanor this study a questionnaire tagged Decision Making, Time Pressure and Human Judgment was used for the assortment of data. The questionnaire was predominantly designed to accomplish the objectives of the study. The total number of observations was eighty two and the Arithmetic Mean Score of decision making, time pressure and human judgment were 2.532, 2.527 and 2.395 respectively. The significance level of the model was 0.000 which illustrates maximum significant level. As p-value is less than .05 so it can be assumed that the variables elected for the study are decidedly significant

Use of preoperative apparent diffusion coefficients to predict brain tumor grade

Introduction: The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) sequence is based on the diffusion properties of water molecules within tissues and correlates with tissue cellularity. ADC may have a role in predicting tumor grade for gliomas, and may in turn assist in identifying tumor biopsy sites. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the competence of preoperative ADC values in predicting tumor grades.Methods: This was a retrospective investigation. We calculated the ADC values in the areas of greatest restriction in solid tumor components, and we recorded the pattern of contrast enhancement. Pathology reports masked to the imaging results were reviewed independently. We calculated the differences in the mean values of different tumor grades and high-grade and low-grade gliomas. A receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis assessed the predictive potential of ADC values for low-grade gliomas.Results: Forty-eight cases of glioma were included in our study. We noted a statistically significant difference in the lowest mean ADC values for the tumor regions of Grade IV lesions (333.83 ± 295.47) compared with Grade I lesions (653.20 ± 145.07). On ROC analysis, we noted an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 for the lowest ADC value in the whole tumor region, which was a predictor of low-grade glioma with 95 % confidence interval (CI) of 0.675-0.926. The sensitivity of the lowest ADC value was 84.5% for high-grade lesions.Conclusion: Given our findings that the means of the lowest ADC value are significantly different between low and high-grade gliomas with an AUC of 0.80 for ADC as a predictor of low-grade lesions and a sensitivity of 84.5% for high-grade lesions, ADC values contain some predictive properties of tumor grading. ADC values may be a valuable parameter in the assessment and treatment of tumors

Reservoir Characterization of Sand Intervals of Lower Goru Formation Using Petrophysical Studies; A Case Study of Zaur-03 Well, Badin Block, Pakistan

Present study deals with petrophysical interpretation of Zaur-03 well for reservoir characterization of sandintervals of Lower Goru Formation in Badin Block, Southern Indus Basin, Pakistan. Early Cretaceous Lower GoruFormation is the distinct reservoir that is producing hydrocarbons for two decades. Complete suite of wireline logsincluding GR log, Caliper log, SP log, Resistivity logs (MSFL, LLS, LLD), Neutron log and Density log along withwell tops and complete drilling parameters were analyzed in this study. The prime objective of this study was to markzones of interest that could act as reservoir and to evaluate reservoir properties including shale volume (Vsh), porosity(ϕ), water saturation (Sw), hydrocarbon saturation (Sh) and net pay thickness. Based on Petrophysical evaluation threezones have been marked in Lower Goru Formation, A Sand (1890m to 1930m), B-sand (1935m to 2010) and C-sand(2015m to 2100m). The average calculated parameters for evaluation of reservoir properties of Zaur-03 well depicts anaverage porosity of 8.92% and effective porosity of 4.81%. Water Saturation is calculated as 28.54% and HydrocarbonsSaturation is 71.46%. Analysis shows that Sh in Zaur-03 well is high so the production of hydrocarbons iseconomically feasible

Explorative Study of Parents Education Effect on the Socialization of their Children (A Case of District Muzaffar Garh)

The Present research was conducted on “Explorative study of Parents Education effect on the Socialization of their Children” (A case of District Muzaffar Garh). In Pakistan, Education is overseen by the government, NGOs and different private sector. The education system in Pakistan is generally divided into five levels: primary (grades one to five), middle (grade six to eight), high (grade nine to ten), intermediate (grade eleven to twelve) and universities programs (undergraduate and graduate degree). The main focus of this research was to identify the major factors, those effect on the socialization of the children. Despite of all factors, parent’s education has significant effect on the socialization of their children. Due to parent’s low literacy rate, due to their low level of education, due to some economical, cultural and organizing issues families have bad effect on their children socialization. So in this research those problems or issues were analysis and highlighted those create hurdles in the socialization of the children. Data analysis and testing of hypothesis show that educated parents socialize their children in well manner way as compare to uneducated parents. Educated parents children are more active and take part not only in educational activities but also in the other activities. Data also showed that some time teachers do hard work but the back up support does not come from the parents. The reason is that the illiterate /lesser educated parents do not realize the value of education Keywords: Affection, Level, Education, Socialization, Participant 

Outcomes of post-neurosurgical ventriculostomy-associated infections

Background: Ventriculostomy-associated infection (VAI) is a major concern to physicians. Limited studies have looked at the outcomes of external ventricular drain (EVD) infection and predictors of unfavorable outcomes. In this study, we assessed the outcomes of EVD infection and predictors of unfavorable outcomes.Methods: This was a retrospective medical chart review, conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital. All the patients irrespective of age and gender, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of VAI were included. Patients with preexisting bacterial meningitis or ventriculitis were excluded from the study. Outcome assessment was based on Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 1 and 3 months after procedure. Other outcomes included 30-day mortality and total length of hospital stay.Results: We included 256 patients in the study. 66 patients (25.8%) developed VAI. EVD was the primary procedure in 21 (31.8%) cases. Most patients, 24 (36.4%), had EVD as a secondary procedure for tumor surgery. Median interval between EVD placement and diagnosis of infection was 3 days. Mean length of stay in VAI patients was 31.85 ± 20.53 days. Seven patients required ICU care. Ten patients (15.2%) expired during hospital stay or within 30 days of discharge and further four had GOS of 2 or 3. A total of 52 patients had a favorable outcome after 6 months.Conclusions: Rate of VAI in this cohort was high. VAI is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital stay