Staphylococcus aureus

The present study evaluated the microbiological and sanitary quality of curd cheese sold on the beaches of the Itaparica Island, Brazil, and verified whether a correlation exists between the commercialization conditions and the microbiological data. The research was performed between December 2015 and March 2017. Sixty samples of rennet-containing cheese were collected to estimate the populations of mesophylls, psychrotrophic microorganisms, mold and yeast, Staphylococcus aureus, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. An observational analysis was performed during the collection, using a checklist to verify the sellers’ sanitary conditions and cheese marketing. A high nonconformity index was registered regarding aspects in the checklist. In the microbiological analyses, the number of mesophylls in raw and roasted samples ranged from 7,88 to 14,82 log CFU/mL, and those of psychrotrophs ranged from 2,80 to 3,84 log CFU/mL. Meanwhile, mold and yeast levels in the samples ranged from 8,06 to 5,54 log CFU/mL, S. aureus was detected at levels from 3,24 to 4,94 log CFU/mL, and the total coliform counts ranged from 4,48 to 7,18 log CFU/mL. The number of E. coli specimens ranged from 2,96 to 5,75 log CFU/mL. Microbial insecurity was noted for commercialized curd cheese, and the need for intervention was indicated

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Patogenic and indicator microorganisms in chicken cuts sold in the Recôncavo da Bahia area, Brazil

Hygiene-sanitary conditions, the presence of Salmonella spp. and indicator microorganisms of chicken cuts sold on the market in the Recôncavo da Bahia area, are analyzed and their co-relationship with conditions of commercialization is verified. Sixty samples were collected between May and August 2016 at informal selling sites (fairs, butcher shops, abattoirs) and in supermarkets of ten municipalities of the Recôncavo da Bahia region. Hygiene and sanitary conditions were assessed through a check list. Total coliforms, Escherichia coli, mesophylls, psychrotrophic organisms, molds and yeast, and Salmonella spp. were counted. Results revealed statistical difference for total coliforms and Escherichia coli only, featuring greater concentration rates in fairs, butcher shops and abattoirs. Further, 31.7% of samples indicated 31.7% Salmonella spp. and 16.6% of samples failed to comply with sanitary legislation on Escherichia coli. Observational analysis demonstrated that 61.83% and 38.1% of the samples respectively on informal sites and in supermarkets did not comply with legislation and indicated a co-relationship of some variables with the growth of total coliforms, Escherichia coli and mesophylls. Pathogenic and indicator microorganisms suggest flaws in hygiene and sanitary conditions in the commercialization of chicken cuts and health risks to consumers. Indexing Terms: microbiological contamination, hygiene and sanitary conditions, Salmonella, chickens

Bacterial contamination in curd cheese sold in the northeastern region of South America

The present study evaluated the microbiological and sanitary quality of curd cheese sold on the beaches of the Itaparica Island, Brazil, and verified whether a correlation exists between the commercialization conditions and the microbiological data. The research was performed between December 2015 and March 2017. Sixty samples of rennet-containing cheese were collected to estimate the populations of mesophylls, psychrotrophic microorganisms, mold and yeast, Staphylococcus aureus, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. An observational analysis was performed during the collection, using a checklist to verify the sellers’ sanitary conditions and cheese marketing. A high nonconformity index was registered regarding aspects in the checklist. In the microbiological analyses, the number of mesophylls in raw and roasted samples ranged 7,88–14,82 log CFU/mL, and those of psychrotrophs ranged 2,80–3,84 log CFU/mL. Meanwhile, mold and yeast levels in the samples ranged 8,06–5,54 log CFU/mL, S. aureus was detected at levels of 3,24–4,94 log CFU/mL, and the total coliform counts ranged 4,48–7,18 log CFU/mL. The number of E. coli specimens ranged 2,96–5,75 log CFU/mL. Microbial insecurity was noted for commercialized curd cheese, and the need for intervention was indicated

Condições higiênico-sanitárias de ovos comercializados em feiras livres e mercados do Recôncavo da Bahia

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological profile and hygienic-sanitary quality of eggs marketed in open markets and markets and to verify if there is a correlation between the microbiological findings and the commercialization conditions. A total of 36 samples were collected in six municipalities in the Recôncavo da Bahia. Hygienic-sanitary conditions were analyzed by means of a checklist. Quantification of total coliforms and Escherichia coli, mesophiles, psychrotrophs, molds and yeasts and analysis of the presence of Salmonella sp. In the observational analysis, it was verified that 91.67% and 68.53% of the samples of free markets and markets, respectively, did not comply with the parameters required by the legislation. Regarding the microbiological profile, there was no significant difference between free markets and markets, but it was found that some samples had high rates of microorganisms indicating inadequate hygienic conditions and fecal contamination. The analysis of Salmonella sp. detected only one sample outside current standards. A correlation was observed between the counts of microorganisms and the variables of the checklist "External soils", "External stains" and "Near other products", indicating higher concentrations of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in the samples that showed nonconformity. We conclude that only one sample was outside the parameters of the legislation. Although there is no limit for the counting of molds and yeasts, the presence of fungi internally or externally is considered improper for consumption, according to Ordinance No. 01/1990.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil microbiológico e a qualidade higiênico-sanitária de ovos comercializados em feiras livres e mercados e verificar se há correlação entre os achados microbiológicos e as condições de comercialização. Coletou-se um total de 36 amostras em seis municípios do Recôncavo da Bahia. As condições higiênico-sanitárias foram analisadas por meio de uma lista de verificação. Foi realizada a quantificação de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli, mesófilos, psicrotróficos, bolores e leveduras e análise da presença de Salmonella sp. Na análise observacional verificou-se que 91,67% e 68,53% das amostras de feiras livres e mercados, respectivamente, não estavam conforme os parâmetros exigidos pelas legislações. Quanto ao perfil microbiológico, não houve diferença significante entre feira livres e mercados, porém verificou-se que algumas amostras apresentaram altas taxas de microrganismos indicadores de condições higiênicas inadequadas e de contaminação fecal. A análise de Salmonella sp. detectou apenas uma amostra fora dos padrões vigentes. Observou-se correlação entre a contagem de microrganismos e as variáveis da lista de verificação “Sujidades externas”, “Manchas externas” e “Próximo a outros produtos”, indicando maiores concentrações de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli nas amostras que apresentavam não conformidade. Conclui-se que apenas uma amostra estava fora dos parâmetros da legislação. Apesar de não ter limite para a contagem de bolores e leveduras, a presença de fungos interna ou externamente é considerada imprópria para o consumo, segundo a Portaria nº 01/1990