Características químicas de la harina de tubérculos de taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) de rechazo y su efecto sobre el desempeño productivo de cerdos en posdestete

This study evaluated the effect of the inclusion of rejected taro tuber flour (RTTF) on the productive performance in commercial hybrid pigs (Landrace × Duroc × Pietrain) during their post-weaning period. The experiment was established under a completely randomized design, comprising four treatments (0, 10, 20, and 30% inclusion of RTTF in the diet), using a total of 60 piglets with 15 repetitions each. The average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC), final body weight (BW), presence of diarrheas, mortality, and production cost, were determined. RTTF showed a high dry matter content, nitrogen-free extracts, gross energy, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, potassium, iron, polyphenols, and antioxidant activity. RTTF inclusion in the diet of pigs in the entire period (30-58 d) did not cause diarrhea or deaths and showed a quadratic effect on BW (p < 0.001) and ADFI (p < 0.001) and produced a linear effect on ADG (p = 0.006), FC (p = 0.003) and production cost (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the inclusion of RTTF in the diet of pigs after weaning (30-58 d) ranging between 0 and 30 % showed no effect on BW and ADFI, with a slight decrease in ADG and FC and a linear effect on production cost reduction.  Este estudio evaluó el efecto de inclusión de la harina de tubérculos de taro de rechazo (RTTF) sobre el desempeño productivo en cerdos híbridos comerciales (Landrace × Duroc × Pietrain) durante el período de posdestete. El experimento se estableció bajo un diseño completamente aleatorizado, conformando cuatro tratamientos (0, 10, 20 y 30 % de inclusión de RTTF en la dieta), empleando un total de 60 lechones con 15 repeticiones cada uno. Se determinó el consumo de materia seca diario (CMSD), ganancia de peso diario (GPD), conversión alimentaria (CA), peso final (PF), presencia de diarreas, mortalidad y costo de producción. La RTTF presentó alto contenido de materia seca, extractos libres de nitrógeno, energía bruta, ácido aspártico, ácido glutámico, potasio, hierro, polifenoles y actividad antioxidante. La inclusión de RTTF en la dieta de los cerdos en el periodo completo (30-58 d) no ocasionó diarreas ni muertes y mostró un efecto cuadrático sobre el PF (p < 0,001), CMSD (p < 0,001), y produjo efecto lineal sobre la GPD (p = 0,006), CA (p = 0,003) y costo de producción (p < 0,001). En conclusión, la inclusión de RTTF en la dieta de los cerdos después del destete (30-58 d), entre 0 y 30 %, no mostró efecto sobre el PF y CMSD, con una ligera disminución en la GPD y CA, y con un efecto lineal en la reducción del costo de producción. &nbsp

CURVA DE CRESCIMENTO E EFICIÊNCIA ALIMENTAR DE SUBSPÉCIES DE Boa constrictor MANTIDAS EM CATIVEIRO

The growth curve is an important parameter for estimating the development of an animal and assisting breeding programs and assessing welfare. However, little data is available on the growth curves of snakes, including native species such as Boa constrictors. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the growth curve of three subspecies of Boa constrictor juveniles (B. constrictor constrictor - Bcc, B. constrictor amarali - Bca and B. constrictor occidentalis - Bco) using data from a commercial breeder located in Brazil. Thirty-seven newborn snakes were placed in individual plastic boxes and kept in a temperature-controlled room (30±2°C and 70-80% humidity) until they reached commercial size (58 days). The snakes' weight and food intake were recorded weekly. These data were used to calculate total food intake, relative weight gain, feed efficiency and growth curves for snakes, comparing animals within subspecies and sexes. There was no difference in growth between genders for Bcc (p = 0.9844) and Bco (p = 0.9845), while for Bca females presented a greater growth (p = 0.0052). There were no statistical differences in relative weight gain and feed efficiency among subspecies. The parameters and growth curves determined in this study can be used as an initial reference guide to monitor the growth of Boa constrictor newborns and contribute to the establishment of an adequate food management for snakes kept in captivity, being a possible parameter for quantifying to determine welfare during the development of newborn snakes.A curva de crescimento é um parâmetro importante para estimar o desenvolvimento de um animal e auxiliar em programas de reprodução e avaliação do bem-estar. No entanto, poucos dados estão disponíveis sobre as curvas de crescimento de serpentes, inclusive espécies nativas como as jiboias. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a curva de crescimento de três subespécies de Boa constrictor juvenis (B. constrictor constrictor - Bcc, B. constrictor amarali - Bca e B. constrictor occidentalis - Bco) usando os dados de um criador comercial localizado no Brasil. Trinta e sete cobras recém-nascidas foram alocadas em caixas plásticas individuais e mantidas em uma sala com temperatura controlada (30±2°C e 70-80% umidade) até atingir o tamanho comercial (58 dias). O peso e a ingestão alimentar das cobras foram registrados semanalmente. Esses dados foram usados para calcular a ingestão total dos alimentos, o ganho de peso relativo, a eficiência alimentar e as curvas de crescimento das serpentes e comparados entre as subespécies e entre sexos. Não houve diferença no crescimento entre os sexos para Bcc (p=0,9844) e Bco (p=0,9845), enquanto para Bca as fêmeas apresentaram maior crescimento (p=0,0052). Não foi observada diferença estatística quanto ao ganho de peso relativo e a eficiência alimentar entre as subespécies. Os parâmetros e as curvas de crescimento determinados neste estudo podem ser usados como referência para acompanhamento do crescimento de filhotes de Boa constrictor e contribuir para o estabelecimento de um manejo alimentar adequado para serpentes mantidas em cativeiro, sendo um possível parâmetro para quantificação do bem-estar durante o desenvolvimento de serpentes recém-nascidas

Características químicas del ensilado de raquis de plátano (Musa paradisiaca) y banano orito (Musa acuminata AA) tratado con suero de leche y urea

The chemical characteristics of a silage of banana (Musa paradisiaca) and baby banana (Musa acuminata AA) rachis treated with whey and urea were evaluated. In total, 24 microsilos of 1 kg capacity were prepared and the pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ashes, ether extract (EE), nitrogen-free extracts (NFE) and gross energy (GE) were determined at 0, 1, 4, 8, 15 and 30 days of conservation (four microsilos for each day). The silage material presented an adequate pH and produced significant increases in the content of DM, CP, ash, EE, NFE and GE and a reduction in the content of CF, with respect to the rachis in its natural state. There was an absence of Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp and Salmonella spp. Mild and strong acid odor, light and dark brown color and solid and semi-solid consistency were evident. The use of drying material, molasses, urea and whey allowed to improve the nutritional composition of plantain and banana rachis, generating a feed of appreciated nutritional quality for use as animal feed.Se evaluaron las características químicas de un ensilado de raquis de plátano (Musa paradisiaca) y banano orito (Musa acuminata AA) tratado con suero de leche. Se prepararon 24 microsilos de 1 kg de capacidad y se determinó el pH, materia seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra bruta (FB), cenizas, extracto etéreo (EE), extractos libres de nitrógeno (ELN) y energía bruta (EB) a los 0, 1, 4, 8, 15 y 30 días de conservación (cuatro microsilos por cada día). El material ensilado presentó un adecuado pH y produjo incrementos significativos en el contenido de MS, PB, cenizas, EE, ELN, EB y una reducción en el contenido de FB, respecto al raquis en estado natural. Hubo ausencia de Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp y Salmonella spp. Se evidenció olor ácido suave y fuerte, color marrón claro y oscuro y consistencia sólida y semisólida. El uso de material secante, melaza, urea y suero de leche permitió mejorar la composición nutricional del raquis de plátano y banano, generando un alimento de apreciada calidad nutritiva para su empleo en la alimentación animal

Gastric cryptococcosis: an unusual presentation of a common opportunistic disorder

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Roles of non-coding RNA in sugarcane-microbe interaction

Studies have highlighted the importance of non-coding RNA regulation in plant-microbe interaction. However, the roles of sugarcane microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of disease responses have not been investigated. Firstly, we screened the sRNA transcriptome of sugarcane infected with Acidovorax avenae. Conserved and novel miRNAs were identified. Additionally, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were aligned to differentially expressed sequences from the sugarcane transcriptome. Interestingly, many siRNAs aligned to a transcript encoding a coppertransporter gene whose expression was induced in the presence of A. avenae, while the siRNAs were repressed in the presence of A. avenae. Moreover, a long intergenic non-coding RNA was identified as a potential target or decoy of miR408. To extend the bioinformatics analysis, we carried out independent inoculations and the expression patterns of six miRNAs were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Among these miRNAs, miR408—a copper- microRNA—was downregulated. The cleavage of a putative miR408 target, a laccase, was confirmed by a modified 50RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) assay. MiR408 was also downregulated in samples infected with other pathogens, but it was upregulated in the presence of a beneficial diazotrophic bacteria. Our results suggest that regulation by miR408 is important in sugarcane sensing whether microorganisms are either pathogenic or beneficial, triggering specific miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms accordingly

An unusual case of bacillary angiomatosis in the oral cavity of an AIDS patient who had no concomitant tegumentary lesions – case report and review

Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is an angioproliferative disease of immunocompromised patients that usually presents as vascular tumors in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by chronic infections with either Bartonella henselae or B. quintana. Oral cavity BA is exceedingly rare and even rarer without simultaneous cutaneous disease. We report herein the case of a 51-year-old HIV-infected man who presented severe odynophagia and an eroded lesion on the hard palate that progressed to an oronasal fistula. No cutaneous lesions were recorded. Doxycycline led to complete resolution. To the best of our knowledge, only six previous cases of oral BA without tegumentary disease have been previously reported and none of them progressed to fistula

An unusual case of bacillary angiomatosis in the oral cavity of an AIDS patient who had no concomitant tegumentary lesions – case report and review

ABSTRACT Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is an angioproliferative disease of immunocompromised patients that usually presents as vascular tumors in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by chronic infections with either Bartonella henselae or B. quintana. Oral cavity BA is exceedingly rare and even rarer without simultaneous cutaneous disease. We report herein the case of a 51-year-old HIV-infected man who presented severe odynophagia and an eroded lesion on the hard palate that progressed to an oronasal fistula. No cutaneous lesions were recorded. Doxycycline led to complete resolution. To the best of our knowledge, only six previous cases of oral BA without tegumentary disease have been previously reported and none of them progressed to fistula