Zurück in die Zukunft: Digitale Heimarbeit

Heimarbeit und Stücklohn: Vieles an digitalen Plattformen hat eine lange Geschichte – und verweist damit auch auf geschlechtsspezifische Ausbeutung. Welche Rolle spielen Genderaspekte in der Care- und Crowdarbeit

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Körper, Daten, Arbeitskraft

Der Artikel ist in Form eines Interviewprotokolls verfasst und basiert auf einem Gespräch zwischen Dennis Eckhardt und den Mitgliedern des Forschungsprojekts Digitalisierung von Arbeit und Migration Moritz Altenried, Manuela Bojadžijev und Mira Wallis. Das Projekt gründet auf der Annahme, dass digitale Technologien nicht nur die Welt der Arbeit verändern, sondern auch Mobilität und Migration. Im Interview sprechen die Mitglieder des Forschungsprojekts über ihr Verständnis von digitalen Arbeitskulturen und setzen den Begriff in Beziehung zu Konzepten wie Logistik, Infrastruktur, Skalierbarkeit, Mobilität und Reproduktion. Anhand von Beispielen aus ihren empirischen Untersuchungen unterschiedlicher Formen von Plattformarbeit in Deutschland und Rumänien erläutern sie, wie digitale Plattformen Arbeit und Reproduktion reorganisieren und wie sich im Zuge dieser Transformation auch Formen und Praktiken von Arbeitsmigration verändern.The article takes the form of an interview protocol and is based on a conversation between Dennis Eckhardt and the members of the research project Digitalisation of Labour and Migration Moritz Altenried, Manuela Bojadžijev and Mira Wallis. The project is based on the assumption that digital technologies not only transform the world of work, but also have far-reaching consequences for mobility and migration. In the interview, members of the research project talk about their understanding of the term digital work cultures and relate this to concepts such as logistics, infrastructure, scalability, mobility and reproduction. Using examples from their empirical research on different forms of platform work in Germany and Romania, they illustrate how digital platforms reorganise labour and reproduction, and also how forms and practices of labour migration change in the course of this transformation.Peer Reviewe

No fit, no fun : the effect of motive incongruence on job burnout and the mediating role of intrinsic motivation

We developed and tested the hypotheses that motive incongruence (i.e., incongruence between a person's implicit and explicit motives) would be associated with higher job burnout and that this relation would be mediated by lower intrinsic motivation. The results of an online study with 49 executives enrolled in an Executive MBA program confirmed the hypotheses. The findings are discussed with respect to the theoretical conceptualization of impaired intrinsic motivation as a consequence of motive incongruence. On the basis of our findings, interventions ought to be directed at helping people gain an improved understanding of their implicit motives rather than trusting their perceptions in identifying job stressors that need to be removed.4 page(s

Logistical borderscapes : politics and mediation of mobile labor in Germany after the "summer of migration"

This article investigates the governmental measures and policies adopted by Germany in the wake of the “long summer of migration” of 2015 to put refugees to work. Starting with a discussion of the autonomy of migration approach against the background of the multiple transformations and crises of the European border regime, the authors focus on shifting paradigms in the management of labor mobility. A short review of the emerging field of “critical logistics studies” allows them to single out a process of “logistification” of migration regimes, according to a “delivery” rationality instantiated by the policy goal of a “just-in-time and to-the-point” migration. This hypothesis is tested with respect to Germany on the basis of research conducted by the authors in Berlin, particularly focusing on the roles played by a complex system and infrastructure of intermediation to manage the “integration” of refugees into the labor market

Logistische Grenzlandschaften. Das Regime mobiler Arbeit nach dem Sommer der Migration

Il libro ricostruisce, sulla base di una ricerca empirica, le trasformazioni delle politiche migratorie in Germania dopo l'arrivo di un milione di profughi tra il 2015 e il 2016, concentrandosi in particolare sulle diverse modalità con cui è stata promossa la loro "integrazione" nel mercato del lavoro. La prima parte, wscritta dai curatori e composta di tre capitoli (pp. 15-113) presenta i risultati della ricerca, soffermandosi in particolare sul ruolo svolto da un insieme di eterogenee agenzie nel determinare l'incontro tra imprese e migranti e avanzando l'ipotesi secondo cui una razionalità "logistica" è sempre pià evidente nelle politiche migratorie in Germania e altrove. Nella seconda parte, studiosi e studiose di migrazioni commentano la ricerca e apportano ulteriori contributi

Digitale Arbeitskulturen

Peer Reviewe

How different countries respond to adverse events whilst patients’ rights are protected

Patient safety is high on the policy agenda internationally. Learning from safety incidents is a core component in achieving the important goal of increasing patient safety. This study explores the legal frameworks in the countries to promote reporting, disclosure, and supporting healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in safety incidents. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted to ascertain an overview of the legal frameworks at national level, as well as relevant policies. ERNST (The European Researchers' Network Working on Second Victims) group peer-reviewed data collected from countries was performed to validate information. Information from 27 countries was collected and analyzed, giving a response rate of 60%. A reporting system for patient safety incidents was in place in 85.2% (N = 23) of countries surveyed, though few (37%, N = 10) were focused on systems-learning. In about half of the countries (48.1%, N = 13) open disclosure depends on the initiative of HCPs. The tort liability system was common in most countries. No-fault compensation schemes and alternative forms of redress were less common. Support for HCPs involved in patient safety incidents was extremely limited, with just 11.1% (N = 3) of participating countries reporting that supports were available in all healthcare institutions. Despite progress in the patient safety movement worldwide, the findings suggest that there are considerable differences in the approach to the reporting and disclosure of patient safety incidents. Additionally, models of compensation vary limiting patients' access to redress. Finally, the results highlight the need for comprehensive support for HCPs involved in safety incidents