A lightweight electronically commutated dc motor for electric passenger vehicles

A functional model breadboard converter and a rare-earth-cobalt, permanent magnet motor; as well as an engineering model converter and PM motor suitable for vehicle installations were developed and tested. The converter and motor achieved an 88% peak efficiency, a maximum output of 26 kW at 26,000 rpm, and a continuous rating of 15 kW. The system also generated power to the source during braking, with a demonstrated peak power available at the converter terminals of approximately 26 kW at 88% efficiency. Major conclusions include: (1) the SAE J227a(D) driving cycle efficiency for the converter/motor is 86% to 88% when energy available for recovery at the converter terminals is included; (2) the converter initial cost is approximately five times that of the permanent magnet motor, but can be reduced by means of LSI logic and integrated liquid cooled semiconductor packages; and (3) an electronically commutated motor with a liquid cooled converter will operate reliably without service or maintenance for the life of a passenger vehicle

The Cotton Seedling Disease Complex and its Control.

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The Cotton Seedling Disease Complex and its Control.

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Les Fractures De La Patella Chez L’adulte

Objectives: to determine the epidemiological aspects, the different techniques of surgical fixation of the patella fractures and the results. Patients and methods: this was a retrospective study from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017 and included the records of patients aged 15 years and older surgically treated for a patella fracture in our center. Results: The work involved 36 patients including 28 men (77.8%) and 8 women (22.2%) with a mean age of 35.9 years. High way trauma were the first cause of these fractures. Fractures were open in 44.4% of cases. Type II according to Ricard and Moulay classification was the most represented with 58.3% of cases. The majority of the patients, 80.5%, were treated by rigging. Five (5) cases of hematoma, one (1) postoperative infection, and three (3) cases of knee stiffness complicated the short- and medium-term follow-up. With an average follow-up of 2 years 6 months, radiologically, normal consolidation was achieved in 86.1% of cases. Two (2) cases of delayed consolidation and three (3) cases of nonunion have been noted. Three (3) cases of patellofemoral osteoarthritis appeared at two years. From the functional point of view, according to the Bosman score, 27.8% were excellent, 63.9% were good, 8.3% were bad, and the cable rigging seemed to give excellent and good results. Conclusion: the treatment of transverse fractures of the patella must be exclusively surgical. Guying is an osteosynthesis technique of choice. Nevertheless complications including knee stiffness, non-union and patellofemoral osteoarthritis are not uncommo

Syndrome Keratitis-Ichtyosis-Deafness (KID) chez un enfant togolais issu d’un mariage consanguin

Le syndrome KID est une affection génétique rare associant kératite, ichtyose et surdité. Nous rapportons un cas dont la surdité s'est compliquée de mutisme chez un enfant togolais issu d'un mariage consanguin.Il s'agissait d'une fillette de 9 ans admise en dermatologie pour une peau sèche et une kératodermie palmoplantaire évoluant depuis l'enfance, une surdité sévère et un mutisme total évoluant depuis la naissance. Il n'y avait pas d'histoire familiale connue de syndrome KID. Les parents de cet enfant sont des cousins germains. A l'examen, on notait une kératodermie palmoplantaire typique en cuir grossier, une peau sèche ichtyosiforme finement squameuse avec un aspect pachydermique aux genoux et un aspect arlequin aux jambes. L'examen ophtalmologique avait noté une blépharo-conjonctivite, une xérophtalmie, une photophobie et une absence de sourcils. L'examen ORL avait objectivé une hypotrophie des pavillons des oreilles, une surdité sévère et un mutisme total. La particularité de cette observation réside dans la sévérité de l'atteinte auditive qui s'est compliquée de mutisme. Notre enfant étant née de parents consanguins sains, sans histoire familiale de KID, nous pensons que le mode de transmission est probablement sporadique. Une étude moléculaire du cas index et de ses parents, non réalisée à cause de notre plateau technique limité aurait pu le confirmer

Studying the Electrical Conductivity of Different Carbon Fillers Reinforced Polyvinyl Chloride Composite Materials

The aim of this study is development the electrical conductivity of composite materials which used three fillers of carbon reinforced PVC at different weight fractions. The experimental results showed that carbon black was more effective than carbon fiber and synthetic graphite at low weight fractions, it reached (0.229 S/cm) whereas it was (0.109 S/cm) and (0.104 S/cm) of each carbon fiber and synthetic graphite respectively. At (40%) weight fraction the electrical conductivity was increased to (0.216 S/cm) and (0.226 S/cm) of each carbon fiber and synthetic graphite while it was inattentive with carbon black. Hybrid composites were investigated also; the result appears that maximum value of the electrical conductivity at combination of (20%) weight fraction of fillers, it was (0.592 S/cm)

Risk-shifting Through Issuer Liability and Corporate Monitoring

This article explores how issuer liability re-allocates fraud risk and how risk allocation may reduce the incidence of fraud. In the US, the apparent absence of individual liability of officeholders and insufficient monitoring by insurers under-mine the potential deterrent effect of securities litigation. The underlying reasons why both mechanisms remain ineffective are collective action problems under the prevailing dispersed ownership structure, which eliminates the incentives to moni-tor set by issuer liability. This article suggests that issuer liability could potentially have a stronger deterrent effect when it shifts risk to individuals or entities holding a larger financial stake. Thus, it would enlist large shareholders in monitoring in much of Europe. The same risk-shifting effect also has implications for the debate about the relationship between securities litigation and creditor interests. Credi-tors’ claims should not be given precedence over claims of defrauded investors (e.g., because of the capital maintenance principle), since bearing some of the fraud risk will more strongly incentivise large creditors, such as banks, to monitor the firm in jurisdictions where corporate debt is relatively concentrated

Ketogenic diet as a glycine lowering therapy in nonketotic hyperglycinemia and impact on brain glycine levels

BACKGROUND: Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is a severe neurometabolic disorder characterized by increased glycine levels. Current glycine reduction therapy uses high doses of sodium benzoate. The ketogenic diet (KD) may represent an alternative method of glycine reduction. AIM: We aimed to assess clinical and biochemical effects of two glycine reduction strategies: high dose benzoate versus KD with low dose benzoate. METHODS: Six infants with NKH were first treated with high dose benzoate therapy to achieve target plasma glycine levels, and then switched to KD with low dose benzoate. They were evaluated as clinically indicated by physical examination, electroencephalogram, plasma and cerebral spinal fluid amino acid levels. Brain glycine levels were monitored by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). RESULTS: Average plasma glycine levels were significantly lower with KD compared to benzoate monotherapy by on average 28%. Two infants underwent comparative assessments of brain glycine levels via serial MRS. A 30% reduction of brain glycine levels was observed in the basal ganglia and a 50% reduction in the white matter, which remained elevated above normal, and was equivalent between the KD and high dose benzoate therapies. CSF analysis obtained while participants remained on the KD showed a decrease in glycine, serine and threonine levels, reflecting their gluconeogenetic usage. Clinically, half the patients had seizure reduction on KD, otherwise the clinical impact was variable. CONCLUSION: KD is an effective glycine reduction method in NKH, and may provide a more consistent reduction in plasma glycine levels than high-dose benzoate therapy. Both high-dose benzoate therapy and KD equally reduced but did not normalize brain glycine levels even in the setting of low-normal plasma glycine

WISEA J083011.95+283716.0: A Missing Link Planetary-Mass Object

We present the discovery of WISEA J083011.95+283716.0, the first Y dwarf candidate identified through the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 citizen science project. We identified this object as a red, fast-moving source with a faint $W2$ detection in multi-epoch \textit{AllWISE} and unWISE images. We have characterized this object with Spitzer Space Telescope and \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} follow-up imaging. With mid-infrared detections in \textit{Spitzer}'s \emph{ch1} and \emph{ch2} bands and flux upper limits in Hubble Space Telescope $F105W$ and $F125W$ filters, we find that this object is both very faint and has extremely red colors ($ch1-ch2 = 3.25\pm0.23$ mag, $F125W-ch2 \geq 9.36$ mag), consistent with a T$_{eff}\sim300$ K source, as estimated from the known Y dwarf population. A preliminary parallax provides a distance of $11.1^{+2.0}_{-1.5}$ pc, leading to a slightly warmer temperature of $\sim350$ K. The extreme faintness and red Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope colors of this object suggest it may be a link between the broader Y dwarf population and the coldest known brown dwarf WISE J0855$-$0714, and highlight our limited knowledge of the true spread of Y dwarf colors. We also present four additional Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 late-T brown dwarf discoveries within 30 pc.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, 5 table