Expresando el cambio litúrgico en la Iberia de los siglos XI y XII a través de la festividad de los Santos Inocentes

The feast of the Holy Innocents is a particularly informative example of liturgical change from the Old Hispanic to the Roman rite in Iberia after 1080. Not only did it involve a change of name and date, but also a shift in the tenor and meaning of the feast, one that always had to find a balance between tragedy and celebration. The elaborate allegorical lamentation of the Old Hispanic rite was first replaced with more neutral readings and chants that concentrated on the infants as holy martyrs, but more narrative presentations of the Massacre of the Innocents came to dominate in the 12th century. Collections of sermons or homilies played an important role in this process. Images in wall paintings –and after 1150 sculpture– began to express the full drama of this feast.La fiesta de los Santos Inocentes es un ejemplo especialmente informativo sobre el cambio litúrgico del rito viejo hispánico al Romano en la Península Ibérica después de 1080. No solo implicó un cambio de nombre y de fecha de la fiesta, sino también un cambio en el tenor y el significado de la misma que siempre debía encontrar el equilibrio entre la tragedia y la celebración. Las elaboradas lamentaciones alegóricas de la liturgia viejo hispánica fueron sustituidas, al principio, por lecturas y cantos más neutrales centrados en los infantes como santos mártires. Sin embargo, exposiciones más narrativas de la Masacre de los Inocentes pasaron a dominar en el siglo XII. Colecciones de sermones u homilías desempeñaron un papel importante en este proceso. Imágenes en pinturas murales –y, después de 1150, en escultura– comenzaron a manifestar plenamente el drama de esta fiesta

Typed Note Pertaining to Property at 206 West 122nd Street, No Date Given

Note: Information about the title and mortgages for property 206 West 122nd Street (New York, New York). Property owned by Rosa G. Holmes Walker. Circa 192

FDOU Project 26A Part 5 Task 1 - Our Florida Reefs (OFR) Survey Outreach Efforts

This report contains summaries of the OFR survey outreach activities completed in Miami- Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, and Martin counties between October 1st, 2014 and February 2nd, 2015. A total of seven presentations were given in Broward, Palm Beach, and Martin Counties. These presentations were for groups such as dive clubs, underwater photography clubs, fishing clubs, and environmental professionals clubs. Unfortunately, due to scheduling conflicts no survey presentations have been given in Miami-Dade County to-date. Summaries of these outreach presentations include the name of the club, location of the presentation, number of people reached, demographics, questions and responses during the presentations, and any flyers, emails, and/or pictures associated with each presentation. Table 1 displays these presentations indicating the club name, type of club, type of event, date of presentation, event location, and county. A total of 25 locations were visited to hand out survey postcards. These included three dive shops in Miami-Dade County, six dive shops in Broward County, ten dive shops, one surf shop, and one fishing store in Palm Beach County, and one dive shop and two marinas in Martin County. Table 2 shows survey outreach locations visited, their address, and the date visited. Survey outreach emails were sent to over 45 different groups targeting thousands of people. The largest was FWC at 15,000. Efforts were also made to email all registered fishing license holders in south Florida totaling several hundred thousand emails, but no organization (FWC, NSU, FDEP) could send the email due to information privacy rules. Social media included Facebook and Twitter account postings on various reef related group pages such as Florida’s Coral Program, Protect Our Reefs, and Divers Direct. Articles were also posted on various forums such as Scuba Board and Florida Sportsman. Working with OFR and DEP staff, Joe Donzelli, NSU’s Associate Director of the Office of Public Affairs, wrote a press release to highlight the OFR survey and its importance in the effort to protect Florida’s reefs. Various media groups covered the story including The Sun Sentinel, The Fishing Wire, and Nova Southeastern University’s Shark Bytes. The outreach had a substantial effect on the number of survey respondents. The highest peaks in survey participation occurred in 2014 on October 16th, 22nd, and 23rd with 61, 45, and 64 survey registrations created those days respectively. The second largest spike on October 16th, 2014 may be due to the social media posts created and shared that day. An example of some of these posts can be viewed in Figure 13. Facebook post by Protect Our Reefs promoting the OFR survey. and Figure 14. Facebook post by Florida\u27s Coral Program advertising the OFR survey. It is important to note that October 16th, 2014, that date this post was created and shared by sixteen others, had a large spike in survey responses. The FWC email to over 15,000 people on October 22nd, 2014 accounted for the third largest spike in survey participation and the Sun Sentinel media coverage on October 23rd, 2014 accounted for the largest. Because the Sun Sentinel article and the FWC email occurred on consecutive days, it is difficult to determine which outreach effort actually produced more participation

Seasonal Variation in Diet of a Marginal Population of the Hispid Cotton Rat, Sigmodon hispidus

Cotton rats live in oldfields, habitats with a variety of mostly herbaceous plants. Based on other studies, the hispid cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus, eats many kinds of herbaceous plants but grasses predominate. In contrast, our population of cotton rats ate many monocots but mostly they were not grasses. Our study sought to determine the diet of the cotton rat in eastern Virginia, near the northern limit of distribution on the Atlantic Coast. Fecal samples, collected each month during an on-going capture-mark-release demographic study of the rodent community, were analyzed using a standard method. A greater variety of foods (including insects) was eaten in the summer and autumn than in winter and spring. In winter, when much herbaceous vegetation is standing dead, cotton rats supplemented their diets with pine bark. Cotton rats ate significantly greater proportions of monocots in winter and spring, an apparent response to the need for more calories to compensate for greater heat loss. In summer and autumn, cotton rats enhanced their diets with significantly greater proportions of the more nutritious but harder to digest dicots. Reproductive females ate significantly more dicots and less monocots than males and non-reproductive females, whose diets were similar

Ressenyes

Obra ressenyada: Manuel CASTIÑEIRAS, The Creation Tapestry, Girona: Cathedral of Girona ; El Tapís de la Creació, Girona: Catedral de Girona

Suitable Habitat Modelling for the Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens virens) in Point Pelee National Park, Canada.

In order for conservation managers to preserve species within an area, an in-depth knowledge of the distributional patterns of focal species within a landscape is required. This is especially true when the species of concern is Threatened or Endangered and conservation of habitat is essential for species preservation. The yellow-breasted chat (Icteria virens virens) is one such species that is listed as Special Concern under the Species at Risk Act of Canada; the virens subspecies meets the criteria for Endangered. Populations within Canada are limited due the bird’s natural range, which extends north into the extreme southern part of Ontario. Point Pelee National Park is one of two strongholds for this species. However, populations within the park have been declining greatly over the past few years with a 70% rate of decline between 1982 and 2008 (n =10, n=3). This decline is likely due to the lack of natural disturbance such as fire, as well as land use change to agriculture and urbanization that has resulted in a decrease of suitable habitat, outside the park. To examine these hypotheses, habitat suitability modelling is a useful tool. It offers conservation managers insight into current distributions of species, especially species of concern. The purpose of this research was to examine environmental variables relating to three bird species and use these variables to model suitable habitat within the study site (Anders Field Complex). In my study, ArcMap 10 was used to model and map suitable habitat within the Anders Field Complex of Point Pelee National Park, as this is the last known nesting grounds for the yellow-breasted chat within the park. The willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) and the white-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus) were also studied as they fill a similar niche and therefore strengthen the results of the study. Environmental variables were modeled to predict suitable habitat and therefore predict potential species distribution. The model used predictors such as vegetation composition of breeding territories and nest patch vegetation composition to identify potential suitable habitat within the study site. Results of the models show that there is likely no suitable habitat (0.04 ha) available for the yellow-breasted chat within the complex. Some suitable habitat was available for the willow flycatcher but seemed limited within the study site (4.1 ha), while an absence of available data on nest scale vegetation characteristics rendered modelling of the white-eyed vireo’s habitat moot. Conditions within the Anders Field Complex have succumbed to succession resulting in mature conditions in vegetation structure and composition, as low dense shrub with high herbaceous cover is being replaced with tall thicket with very little ground cover. Height of vegetation has succeeded the requirements of the yellow-breasted chat. These results show that habitat succession and therefore the loss of suitable habitat is a likely factor influencing chat populations within the Anders Field Complex. There are also factors outside the park likely affecting chat distribution including habitat loss and fragmentation at the landscape scale. Management practices, such as the re-introduction of lost mechanisms or processes within the park should focus on a broad-scale ecological approach that considers novel thinking to restoring ecological integrity. Human induced influences including land use change and introduction of exotic species have forever changed conditions within and surrounding the park, therefore restoration should be mindful to new ecosystems, as restoring to past conditions is likely unproductive. Implementing a disturbance regime such as prescribed burnings, is recommended in order to restore a lost mechanism for the renewal of early-successional habitat. Concentrating on restoration of ecosystems and the re-establishment of a shifting mosaic will provide habitat for a plethora of species including the chat, which is legally mandated by law. However, restoring habitat for the chat will likely not result in the increase of chat abundance within the park until factors outside of the park, including habitat loss and fragmentation are rectified