Hide and Seek in Arizona

Laboratory subjects repeatedly played one of two variations of a simple two-person zero-sum game of ``hide and seek.'' Three puzzling departures from the prescriptions of equilibrium theory are found in the data: an asymmetry related to the player's role in the game; an asymmetry across the game variations; and positive serial correlation in subjects' play. Possible explanations for these departures are considered.Minimax, mixed strategy, experiment

On Generalizing Cumulative Ordered Regression Models

We examine models that relax proportionality in cumulative ordered regression models. Something fundamental arising from ordered variables and stochastic ordering implies a partitioning. Efforts to relax proportionality also relax the ability to collapse an inherently multidimensional problem to a partitioning of the (unidimensional) real line. It is surprising and unfortunate to find that deviations from proportionality are sufficient to generate internal contradictions; undecidable propositions must exist by relaxing proportional odds without other relevant and significant changes in the underlying model. We prove a single theorem linking continuous support and partitions of a latent space to show that for these two characteristics to be simultaneously satisfied, the model must be the proportional-odds model. Conditioning on the adjacency that is closely related to the partitioning is fruitful, but at this point we join the class of continuation-ratio models. Alternatively, Anderson’s (1984) stereotype model is quite general and nests ordered and unordered choice models, but again we have left the domain of cumulative models. Adopting multidimensional cumulative models or imposing covariate-specific thresholds are the only certain methods for avoiding these troubles in the cumulative framework. It is generically impossible to generalize the cumulative class of ordered regression models in ways consistent with the spirit of generalized cumulative regression models. Monte Carlo studies also demonstrate the general principles

Clean Water for Less Integrated Planning Reduces the Cost of Meeting Water Quality Goals in New Hampshire

Rising populations and increased development in New Hampshire coastal communities have led to a decline in water quality in the Great Bay Estuary. Responding effectively and affordably to new federal permit requirements for treating and discharging stormwater and wastewater will require innovative solutions from communities in the area. The Water Integration for Squamscott-Exeter (WISE) project developed an integrated planning framework through which the coastal communities of Exeter, Stratham, and Newfields could significantly reduce the cost of meeting permit requirements. In this brief, authors Alison Watts, Robert Roseen, Paul Stacey, Renee Bourdeau, and Theresa Walker report that integrated planning could save these communities over $100 million (in fifty-year lifecycle costs) by prioritizing high-impact, low-cost mitigation strategies across permit type and town boundaries. The project, which has received an Environmental Merit award from Environment Protection Agency, also found that attainment of water quality standards in the Exeter–Squamscott River will not be possible without substantial cooperation and investment from upstream communities, which are not currently subject to EPA permit requirements. Collaboration among communities in planning and implementing projects to meet clean water regulations can have significant cost and effectiveness benefits

AN ASSESSMENT OF APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE INTERESTS OF SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS!

Vocational education programs in high schools should be designed to prepare young people for their next pursuit after graduation. Students\u27 interests, needs, and employment opportunities should form the basis upon which decisions are made concerning what vocational courses to offer in the high school curriculum

Local Aerodynamic Heat Transfer and Boundary-Layer Transition on Roughened Sphere-Ellipsoid Bodies at Mach Number 3.0

A wind-tunnel investigation was made to determine heat-transfer distributions on three steel sphere-ellipsoid bodies with surface roughnesses of 5, 100, and 200 microinches. Tests were conducted in the Langley 9- by 6-foot thermal structures tunnel at a Mach number of 3.0, free-stream Reynolds numbers (based on model spherical diameter) of 4.25 x 10(exp 6) and 2.76 x l0(exp 6), and at a stagnation temperature of 650 F. Pressure distributions were obtained also on a fourth model. The results indicated that the combination of surface roughness and boundary-layer cooling tended to promote early transition and nullify the advantages attributable to the blunt shape of the model for reducing local temperatures. Good correlation between experimental heating rates and those calculated from laminar theory was achieved up to the start of boundary-layer transition. The correlation also was good with the values predicted by turbulent theory for surface stations downstream from the 45 deg. station

Elderly Financial Abuse in New Zealand: Is the Law Sufficient?

Older citizens can become victims of an alarming amount of criminal and fraudulent behaviour in New Zealand (NZ) and throughout the world. Their estates, life savings and even their welfare incomes are stolen, plundered or misappropriated. The offenders can be relatives, friends, or trusted individuals, professionals, or even corporate bodies. It involves victimisation and criminality to victims including intimidation by neglect, threats, and violence. It concomitantly intercedes in life-sustaining health, well-being, age, and disability issues. Often very well hidden, because of perceived shame for family and necessary secrecy by the very perpetrators, Elder Abuse is difficult to trace and police. Elder Abuse affects not only the victims but families and broader society. Institutional respite carers, family carers, all involved in medicine, social justice, economics, law, and policing, their stakeholder interventions can all become intertwined or interlocking. These can tend to be within the elder or disability support roles. Many people and institutions and can be quite peripheral to the actual caring or protective roles of elder people and they can often become involved. The Dissertation submission title invites the question: - Elderly Financial Abuse in New Zealand: Is the Law Sufficient? The arguments, as given below, suggest that some robust overhaul and changes in New Zealand law and administration of EA and EFA are overdue and necessary. Before proceeding too far into the topic, it is necessary to define what is meant by the term 'Elder Abuse.' There are many and varying versions of Elder Abuse from all over the world (Brook, 2008) pp 48. Lachs and Pillemer also noted the many variations and definitions in theories about Elder Abuse, some quite contradictory (Lachs & Pillemer, 2004) pp 492-497. Many others have attempted to more closely define the term 'Elder Abuse by dissecting the types and variations' (Moraru, 2006). For issues about EFA within New Zealand, the most credible definitions are those used by the Age Concern Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO), Wellington. They are the significant contributors in advocating for recognition in the problems of EFA. Age Concern are recognised as the NZ NGO advisers to government and are a ‘go to’ public resource (Age Concern New Zealand. National Advisory Group on Elder Abuse and Neglect. et al., 1995). This paper discusses the vagaries of Elder Abuse and, more particularly, Elder Financial Abuse. To save endless or repetitive explanations herein on terminology, it is referred hereinafter to as EA or EFA. Discussed within, there are constituent elements of EA and EFA involving related and generic abuse generally. The focus herein will primarily be on Elder Financial Abuse but some added explanations regarding theories on generic abuse do provide insightful offerings. As a basis and starting point to EA and EFA, it is initially approached within a broader and generic sub-category and framework of abuse and human rights issues. Initially, it becomes clear that EA and EFA are legitimate sub-categories of generic ranges of human abuse and human rights. The wider issues about generic abuse, included are included in the legislation for New Zealand Property Rights, (Protection of Personal and Property Rights Act 1988) The discussion on that legislation also needs to be examined as a core part of a more holistic study for detection, forensics, policing, administration, and prevention strategies

Dipole Moment of Tetraborane

The dipole moment of tetraborane, as measured in benzene solution by a heterodyne beat method, is 0.56±0.1.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70423/2/JCPSA6-30-4-1075-1.pd

Stress in the Patella Following Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation - A Finite Element Study

Bovine patella cartilage shows signs of damage and cell death when subjected to a compressive cyclic load of 6 MPa, which results in a shear stress of 5.6 MPa. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of activities of daily living (descending stairs, bicycling and deep flexion) on the contact stresses in the patellofemoral compartment following an articular chondrocyte implantation (ACI). A finite element (FE) model of the patellar femoral joint was created and dynamic non-linear analyses were carried out for this purpose. A shear stress of 5.6 MPa was used as the threshold that cartilage can tolerate without resulting in damage. The FE model was verified numerically. Our results show that, for a 70 kg individual at 50% recovery, (i) contact stress in the patella is 11% higher than that in the femur; (ii) shear stress in the host cartilage reaches 4.75 MPa at 50° of flexion; (iii) shear stress in the patella host cartilage is twice that in a healthy cartilage during deep flexion approaching 70°; (iv) maximum shear stress value was 2.75 MPa during cycling at 60% load; (v) stress shielding still occurs through the host cartilage even when the implanted cartilage reaches 97.5% the Young’s modulus of a healthy cartilage. Based on these results, (i) using an exercise bicycle is recommended for rehabilitation; (ii) deep knee flexion should be avoided; (iii) obese people with a BMI of over 42 kg/m2 should not undertake vigorous weight-bearing exercises involving deep knee flexion