The COAR Notify Initiative

On January 28, 2021, the Confederation of Open Access Repositories (COAR) launched the COAR Notify Initiative. The aim is to develop and accelerate community adoption of a standard, interoperable, and decentralized approach to linking research outputs hosted in the distributed network of (data) repositories with resources from external service providers such as overlay-journals and open peer review services, using linked data notifications. In the presentation an overview will be provided with the technical challenges in current repositories and how decentralized solutions could have an impact on the current scholarly communication system. We will present the Event Notifications in Value-Adding Networks protocol which provides a network topology with data nodes and service nodes that inform each other about artifacts and services that are provisioned pertaining to artifacts. Using this protocol examples will be provided how this protocol can be used in various scholarly scenarios and relations with other projects that are implementing this protocol

The COAR Notify Initiative

On January 28, 2021, the Confederation of Open Access Repositories (COAR) launched the COAR Notify Initiative. The aim is to develop and accelerate community adoption of a standard, interoperable, and decentralized approach to linking research outputs hosted in the distributed network of (data) repositories with resources from external service providers such as overlay-journals and open peer review services, using linked data notifications. In the presentation an overview will be provided with the technical challenges in current repositories and how decentralized solutions could have an impact on the current scholarly communication system. We will present the Event Notifications in Value-Adding Networks protocol which provides a network topology with data nodes and service nodes that inform each other about artifacts and services that are provisioned pertaining to artifacts. Using this protocol examples will be provided how this protocol can be used in various scholarly scenarios and relations with other projects that are implementing this protocol

Rioxx 3 : a modernised metadata profile

Rioxx (formerly RIOXX) is a metadata application profile which was originally developed to facilitate reporting to funders in the UK. Since then, over the last 7 years it has proved useful also to aggregator services harvesting metadata records from repositories, and feedback from those services has indicated a number of ways in which Rioxx could be improved. This presentation will explain how Rioxx has a new governance group which has been working since 2019 to prepare a new version, one which is designed to meet a broader range of use-cases. We will focus on the changes we have made, including: - far greater use of persistent identifiers (PIDs); - a greater focus on the Web as the overarching context (i.e. use of HTTP(S) URIs) - greater support for expressing important "events" in the lifecycle of scholarly publications, in a response to requirements from open-access funders We will also compare and contrast Rioxx with OpenAIRE. Finally, we explain the "radically open" approach we have taken to development, involving community feedback at each stage. Rioxx is no longer a UK-specific profile, and we believe that Rioxx v3 has potential value for repositories in the global context

Impact of Experimental Hookworm Infection on the Human Gut Microbiota

The interactions between gastrointestinal parasitic helminths and commensal bacteria are likely to play a pivotal role in the establishment of host-parasite cross-talk, ultimately shaping the development of the intestinal immune system. However, little information is available on the impact of infections by gastrointestinal helminths on the bacterial communities inhabiting the human gut. We used 16S rRNA gene amplification and pyrosequencing to characterize, for the first time to our knowledge, the differences in composition and relative abundance of fecal microbial communities in human subjects prior to and following experimental infection with the blood-feeding intestinal hookworm, Necator americanus. Our data show that, although hookworm infection leads to a minor increase in microbial species richness, no detectable effect is observed on community structure, diversity or relative abundance of individual bacterial species

Bringing the walk with ease programme to the UK: a mixed-methods study to assess the relevance, acceptability, and feasibility of implementation for people with arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions.

Developed in the United States (US), Walk With Ease (WWE) is a popular evidence-based, 6-week community walking programme for adults with arthritis, delivered in either an instructor-led or self-directed format. While WWE has expanded into communities across the USA, it is relatively unknown in other countries across the globe. This study, in collaboration with community and patient partners, aimed to examine the relevance, acceptability and feasibility of introducing WWE into a UK context. After initial cultural adaptation, participants were recruited into the study. Eligible (≥18 years, doctor diagnosed arthritis (confirmed or self-report), self-reported joint symptoms in last 30 days, BMI ≥25 kg/m2, and <150 min/week of moderate/vigorous PA) and consented participants were randomized into two groups: WWE programme or usual care. A mixed-methods analysis approach integrated quantitative data (physical performance assessment; baseline and post-six week programme questionnaire) and qualitative data (narrative interviews exploring participants' pre- and post-WWE experiences and stakeholders' perceptions). Of 149 participants, the majority were women (70%) aged ≥60 years (76%). Among the 97 receiving the programme, 52 chose instructor-led; 45 chose self-directed. Participants found WWE relevant and acceptable—99% indicating they would recommend WWE to family/friends. Within both WWE formats, mixed differences representing improvement were observed at 6 weeks from baseline for physical performance and arthritis symptoms. Emergent themes included improved motivation, health, and social well-being. WWE is a relevant and acceptable walking programme with scope for wider implementation to support UK health and well-being policy strategies

Escherichia coli Isolates That Carry vat, fyuA, chuA, and yfcV Efficiently Colonize the Urinary Tract

Extraintestinal Escherichia coli (ExPEC), a heterogeneous group of pathogens, encompasses avian, neonatal meningitis, and uropathogenic E. coli strains. While several virulence factors are associated with ExPEC, there is no core set of virulence factors that can be used to definitively differentiate these pathotypes. Here we describe a multiplex of four virulence factor-encoding genes, yfcV, vat,fyuA, and chuA, highly associated with uropathogenic E. coli strains that can distinguish three groups of E. coli: diarrheagenic and animal-associated E. colistrains, human commensal and avian pathogenic E. coli strains, and uropathogenic and neonatal meningitis E. coli strains. Furthermore, human intestinal isolates that encode all four predictor genes express them during exponential growth in human urine and colonize the bladder in the mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection in higher numbers than human commensal strains that do not encode the four predictor genes (P = 0.02), suggesting that the presence of the predictors correlates with uropathogenic potential

Enhancing discovery and enriching the scholarly graph with the Research Outputs Metadata Schema (Rioxx)

This contribution considers recent updates to Rioxx, the Research Outputs Metadata Schema [1]. Originally an OAI-PMH metadata application profile for open repositories in the UK, Rioxx version 2.0 has been broadly supported by institutional repositories in the UK since 2016 and has also enabled a level of OpenAIRE participation from institutions for whom compliance was always problematic [2]. More recently Rioxx has entered candidate release status for version 3.0 in which a more holistic and less UK centric approach to the schema has been adopted. This approach has sought to continue the schema’s previously evidenced harvesting and aggregation benefits [3] while also improving the capture of graph relations to other scholarly entities. Rioxx 3.0 introduces superior modelling of associative relationships between scholarly entities, harnesses greater use of persistent identifiers (PIDs), and reuses semantics from schema.org [4] while retaining OAI-PMH as the principal data harvesting mechanism. The schema delivers a useful contribution to burgeoning open scholarly graphs since it can better model relational associations between scholarly entities, enabling research organizations to capture these relations at deposit source and contribute them to the graph via aggregation services, such as CORE [5,6]. Such data once aggregated, and merged with existing PID data, has the potential to greatly enrich the formal PID graph but also enhance user discovery of related research entities, most notably research publications, datasets, software, projects, and grants. Explicit encoding of resource deposit and exposure dates further presents opportunities for better tracking open access growth and monitoring the evolution of this growth at scale. This contribution will explore examples of features from the Rioxx candidate release, exploring the significance of the changes between version 2.0 and 3.0, and demonstrating some of its relational potential with respect to the scholarly graph. We will also consider the deployment of schema.org vocabularies as a useful, semantically interoperable mechanism for better communicating output type semantics. Future developments, such as the creation of a new Rioxx validator within the CORE repository dashboard, will be briefly summarized

How to make repository content indexed and discoverable

Millions of users access scholarly indexes each month. A solitary repository, if not correctly indexed, will languish alone. According to the Confederation of Open Access Repositories (Rodriguez, 2011), each individual repository is of limited value for research: the real power of Open Access lies in the possibility of connecting and tying together repositories. However, even today, many repositories are not yet configured in a way that would enable their resources to be comprehensively indexed in scholarly infrastructures. Ensuring the discoverability of repository research outputs is crucial for: - Maximizing the impact and reach of scholarly works - Making research visible to the general public - Facilitating research collaborations - Delivering on the open science mission - Enabling systematic literature reviews - Monitoring compliance with funding agency policies - Promoting reproducibility - Fostering innovation We propose a panel session that will provide a set of practical wide-ranging recommendations for repositories to enable, validate and monitor the indexing of their repository content. By implementing the wide-ranging recommendations and principles discussed in this panel session, repositories will be able to markedly improve their content’s discoverability

Digital Libraries, Personalisation, and Network Effects - Unpicking the Paradoxes

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Exploring the concept of 'custodianship' in harvesting repository resources and graphing their relations : Rioxx version 3.0

This submission addresses concepts associated with Rioxx version 3.0, the schema and specification for which was published in late 2023, following feedback gleaned during OR2023. 'Rioxx: The Research Output Schema' proposes a metadata profile to better ensure superior harvesting and ergo aggregation of scholarly content. It also promote greater semantic interoperability, as well as the graphing of essential research output relations. To assist with its metadata modelling, Rioxx version 3.0 introduces the concept of direct and external custodianship. This submission will explore this concept, establish how custodianship is reflected in the Rioxx schema, and demonstrate how such modelling benefits both repositories and external software agents (such as harvesters and aggregators). The submission will also demonstrate how Rioxx can be used to underpin aspects of open research policy monitoring