Efek Ekstrak Daun Kersen (Muntingia Calabura L) Terhadap Kadar Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) pada Tikus yang Diinduksi Asetaminofen

Latar Belakang : Daun Kersen (Muntingia Calabura L) merupakan tanaman yang banyak dijumpai di masyarakat diketahui berkhasiat sebagai hepatoprotektor dan mengandung antioksidan (flavonoid) yang berfungsi untuk melindungi sel-sel dan organ hati dari radikal bebas. Tujuan Penelitian : Mengetahui efek ekstrak daun kersen terhadap kadar ALT pada tikus yang diinduksi asetaminofen. Metode Penelitian : Eksperimental laboratorik, rancangan penelitian pretest - posttest with control group design. Sampel 24 tikus putih jantan dibagi secara random menjadi 4 kelompok masing-masing 6 ekor. Kelompok kontrol (asetaminofen 1440 mg/200 g), kelompok perlakuan 1 (Ekstrak daun kersen 42 mg/200 g + Asetaminofen 1440 mg/200 g), kelompok perlakuan 2 (Ekstrak daun kersen 84 mg/200 g + Asetaminofen 1440 mg/200 g), dan kelompok perlakuan 3 (Ekstrak daun kersen 168 mg/200 g + Asetaminofen 1440 mg/200 g). Hasil setiap kelompok dihitung dengan uji Oneway ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Post Hoc. Hasil Penelitian : Berdasarkan hasil uji ANOVA kelompok postest diperoleh nilai probabilitas signifikan p = 0,004 dengan demikian p < 0,05 maka pada 4 kelompok tersebut terdapat perbedaan kadar ALT secara bermakna. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD untuk mengetahui perbandingan tiap kelompok dan diperoleh hasil kelompok K - P1, K - P2, dan P2 - P3 terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p < 0,05). Sedangkan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna terdapat pada kelompok K - P3, P1 - P2, dan P1 - P3 (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan : Pemberian ekstrak daun kersen dosis 42 mg/200 gram BB dan 84 mg/200 gram BB dapat menghambat kenaikan kadar enzim ALT pada tikus yang diinduksi asetaminofen

The Impact of Integration between the Theoretical and Practical Side of Sustainability Teaching in Architecture Departments

Today the world is facing great environmental problems. The built environment with its sick architectural designs has a major contribution in these problems, and it becomes clear that architects play a key role to overcome these problems or minimize their affect by taking sound sustainable measures in architectural designs. This makes teaching sustainability in higher education one of the most important tools to raise student's environment awareness, especially in architecture departments. Here appears the general research problem regarding the need to include sustainability teaching in architecture departments as an essential part of its curriculum starting from the early years of study, besides identifying the best methods to combine this subject with the existing ones, here appears the specific research problem considering the existing separation between the theoretical sustainability teaching and it's practical application in architectural design. That caused missing sustainable principles in students design. The hypothesis refers that adding sustainability as an important part of the curriculum in architecture departments from the early years of study have a great effect in changing students thoughts to shift towards sustainable designs, besides the integrating the theoretical part of teaching sustainability in classroom with its practical side in design studios. This will promote achieving the aimed goals of teaching this subject, and deeper student's knowledge about it. Keywords: sustainable teaching, theoretical and practical teaching in architecture departments

Characterisation of Rocking Ratchet with Cold 87Rb Atoms

تم دراسة خصائص ظاهرة التيار الذري الهزاز Rocking ratchet) &nbsp;(باستخدام ذرات الربيديوم المبردة 87Rb داخل الشبيكة البصرية ذات بعد واحد Configuration) &nbsp;&nbsp;.(تم قياس درجة حرارة الغيمة الذرية الباردة باستخدام تقنية زمن الطيران ) (Time of Flight وهي . تم حساب عدد الذرات المقتنصة في المصيدة البصرية المغناطيسية باستخدام التصوير بالامتصاص وكانت بحدود &nbsp; &nbsp; ذرة. النتيجة بينت تغير سعة التيار الذري عند تغيير معلمات الشبيكة البصرية. تم تضمين احد اشعة الشبيكة البصرية الليزرية بموجات ذات شدات مختلفة حيث تم ملاحظة أعلى تيار ذري عند اكبر عمق تضمين و ان سعة التيار تعتمد ايضاً على ترددات التضمين وان النتيجة بينت امكانية وجود تردد اهتزازي (Vibrational frequency)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;كما تم ملاحظة تغير سعة التيار الذري بتغيير سعة الموجه المضمنه لاحد الاشعة للشبيكة البصرية وبذلك يتم التحكم بالتيار الذري عن طريق تغيير معلمات الشبيكة البصرية.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A rocking ratchet phenomenon of directed transport is demonstrated. This has been realised with cold rubidium atoms in one dimensional dissipative optical lattice with lin lin configuration. The temperature of the cold atomic cloud is measured by time of flight technique with 29 . The atom number trapped in the MOT is determined using absorption imaging to be &nbsp;atoms. The results show the influence of the atomic current amplitude by varying the lattice beams parameters. One of the lattice beams is modulated with different modulation depths. It shows that highest modulation values have a higher atomic current. The current amplitude is also depending on the modulation frequencies. The results indicate the possibility of existence the vibrational frequency. The harmonic amplitude ratio varied and found the ratchet current is growing with increasing the amplitude of one of the lattice beams and at a certain value goes dow

The Role of Sustainable Infrastructure in Resilient City Production

Currently 54% of the world's population lives in cities and this rate is expected to reach 66% in 2050. These enormous numbers of people may face various kinds of risks if their cities exposed to natural or human disasters. This requires taking the necessary measures to preserve their lives and properties, through special planning and design measures related to city's infrastructures and buildings to increase their abilities to withstand threats and raise cites potentials to protect the city and its inhabitants from hurt and damage, or at least minimize them. As the majority of the city's components, whether infrastructure or built environment, are rigid components and do not have the flexibility to cope with any kind of disasters, therefore it is necessary to look for new type of infrastructure and buildings that are flexible and capable to face risks. Here appears the general research problem related to city weakness and its inability to cope with risks. And the special research problem concerning the need to shift to a new type of city called the resilient city. And how this shift can take place? And what are its requirements? The aim of the research is to identify resilient city elements like resilient infrastructure that are capable to resist expected or unexpected environmental conditions especially rainstorm. The hypothesis of the research is that designed sustainable infrastructures are capable to resist environmental hazards and will help to produce the resilient city. Keywords: Resilient city, Sustainable drainage infrastructure, urban floods

Kinerja Operasional Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Trans Jateng Koridor Purwokerto-Purbalingga

Penyelenggaraan BRT Trans Jateng koridor Purbalingga– Purwokerto sebagai konektifitas antar wilayah kedua kabupaten/kota. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk meninjau kinerja operasional didasarkan pada kinerja operasional dan persepsi pengguna. Metode yang digunakan dalam persepsi pengguna yaitu metode importance-performance analysis (IPA). Sedangkan kinerja operasional didasarkan pada kesesuaian dengan standar kinerja yang ditentukan Kementrian Perhubungan. Hasil diperoleh kinerja BRT Trans Jateng Koridor Purwokerto – Purbalingga yang memenuhi standar antara lain waktu tunggu penumpang, waktu tempuh, dan headway. Tetapi indikator yang tidak memenuhi standar adalah kecepatan dan load factor. Indikator kinerja yang dianggap penting dan perlu dijadikan prioritas peningkatan berdasarkan kepuasan dan harapan penumpang terletak pada kuadran I yaitu fasilitas keselamatan dalam keadaan darurat di dalam bus, fasilitas untuk penyandang disabilitas, lanjut usia, dan wanita hamil di dalam bus, kemudahan memperoleh informasi berkaitan dengan rute dan waktu datang bus Trans Jateng

The Level of Job Satisfaction of Academic Staff Members at Zarqa University in the Light of Some Academic Variables

The study aims at investigating the level of job satisfaction of academic staff members at Zarqa University in the light of some professional and individual variables. The study was conducted on a sample included a total of 309 academic staff members At Zarqa university, for the academic year (2013-2014).To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher distributed a questionnaire of 38 items in four Fields. Tool validity was tested by a group of arbitrators as Internal Constancy of questionnaire items was calculated by the use of Cronbach Alpha Formula. Thus, total reliability coefficient was (0.96). The researcher also used Statistical methods such as, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, T-test for two independent samples and ANOVA (One-way Analysis of Variance) for testing the hypotheses of the study

Falcon Optimization Algorithm for Bayesian Networks Structure Learning

In machine-learning, one of the useful scientific models for producing the structure of knowledge is Bayesian network, which can draw probabilistic dependency relationships between variables. The score and search is a method used for learning the structure of a Bayesian network. The authors apply the Falcon Optimization Algorithm (FOA) as a new approach to learning the structure of Bayesian networks. This paper uses the Reversing, Deleting, Moving and Inserting operations to adopt the FOA for approaching the optimal solution of Bayesian network structure. Essentially, the falcon prey search strategy is used in the FOA algorithm. The result of the proposed technique is compared with Pigeon Inspired optimization, Greedy Search, and Simulated Annealing using the BDeu score function. The authors have also examined the performances of the confusion matrix of these techniques utilizing several benchmark data sets. As shown by the evaluations, the proposed method has more reliable performance than the other algorithms including producing better scores and accuracy values

The Technology of Climate Adaptive Building Shells (CABS) In Improving Environmental & Economic Efficiency

Designing buildings with high environmental and economic efficiency has recently become very difficult, and the ecological problems of the whole world have become realistic and require radical solutions. As 20 - 60% of the total energy used in buildings is affected in their enclosures design and construction, consider adopting sustainable energy efficiency strategies in their design and construction. In the past, factors such as society, economy, and technology influenced architecture, prompting architects to develop innovative design theories, particularly after the industrial revolution and the devastation it left in the environment, such as pollution and natural resource consumption, as well as the phenomenon of heat islands. In addition, many factors such as society, economy, and technology led to the idea of active adaptive smart buildings emerged as these factors have provided technological advances in electrical control systems, computer engineering, information technology, artificial intelligence, electronic science and materials science, opportunities for the use of motor building systems in architecture and its components. Therefore, it introduced the concept of active, interactive, moving and adaptive facades instead of the traditional fixed facades, which are characterised by interacting with the surrounding environment through many technologies that improve the economic and internal environment of the building and its efficiency to make the building sustainable. CABS work with the concepts of adaptability, versatility, and evolution. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the research, design and development efforts in the CABS system field. Based on the study of the theoretical framework, a classification is made to place a variety of concepts in one context. Thus, a measurement ruler is reached that includes an essential vocabulary and indicators that can characterise the CABS so that the research can measure its level of effectiveness in the examples selected. Keywords: adaptive facades, CABS, economic efficiency, environmental efficiency, adaptability, sustainable energy. DOI: 10.7176/JETP/12-2-06 Publication date: July 30th 202

Environmental education (EE) in architectural departments Al-Nahrain University as case study

Since architecture is concerned with the design of various buildings at the architectural and urban levels, and since buildings are responsible for nearly half of energy consumption worldwide, this matter calls for the need to pay attention to the curricula and theories of environmental architectural design originally based on environmental education curricula in the departments of engineering Architecture to seek to prepare the teaching staff and students to face this reality by developing curricula that distinguish academic and professional institutions and specifically related to environmental education curricula for the purpose of finding appropriate and compatible solutions with every design act in view of the increasing environmental problems in the light of global indicators, the research seeks to identify the most important stages of education Environmental in the field of architecture, starting from the stage of the exploratory approach through the stage of the proposal approach to the stage of the critical approach, with the identification of the most important environmental design theories such as biomicry, which helped in finding solutions to the problem of high energy consumption of eight buildings at the architectural and urban levels, as well as the research seeks to review the position of Environmental education curriculum in the Department of Architecture – Al-Nahrain University, To show its compatibility with the most important stages of environmental education approved globally. The research concluded that there is a weakness in the alternatives approach and the critical approach that must be activated as an important stage of environmental education in that department. The research also recommends the necessity of activating environmental design theories in the field of practical and academic architectural practice, such as the biomicrological design theory for the purpose of raising the environmental efficiency of buildings and reducing energy consumption. In those buildings

Isolated tubercular hepatic abscess with diffuse pattern mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV positive patient: a case report

Isolated hepatic tuberculosis presenting as a mass either with or without fever can be confused with hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical examination and laboratory investigations are not specific. Radiological investigations such as ultrasound and computed tomography cannot confirm the diagnosis; hence it is vital to always make an effort to demonstrate presence of acid fast bacilli in aspirated pus or necrotic material from a liver mass. We present a case of 50 years old male patient with HIV/AIDS who presented with non-specific symptoms without fever, clinically with hepatomegaly mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma with metastasis. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass in the left liver lobe, with diffuse involvement in the right liver lobe. Liver mass histology showed granulomatous pattern with epitheloid cell aggregation. Aspirated blood from fine-needle guided biopsy stained on Ziehl Neelsen for acid fast bacilli turned out positive. Clinical examination did not reveal lymphadenopathy, abdominal ultrasound also ruled out para-aortic lymphadenopathy, and chest x-ray was essentially normal. Evaluation of the patient six months after completing quadruple treatment for tuberculosis showed marked clinical improvement.  The objective of this case report is to highlight the importance of considering hepatic tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis in cases of hepatomegaly and initiate appropriate investigations to rule out a possibility of Tuberculosis which is potentially treatable with early diagnosis