Coleta de equinodermos na Baía de Todos os Santos, estado da Bahia: o comércio aquariofilista

The ornamental marine trade has increased on a worldwide scale. Although Brazil is amongst the major exporters, data about this activity are underestimated. Therefore, the profile and consequences of such activity to the wild populations are not fully understood. In spite of being basically supported by fish collection, charismatic invertebrates also figure in this trade and virtually nothing is known about the echinoderms harvested in Brazil. Since baseline data are scarce, this study aims to provide an initial assessment on the marine aquarium echinoderm trade in Bahia State, northeastern Brazil, evaluating the landing of these animals during a ten-year period. Echinoderm landing was monitored and the trade profile was investigated from January 1996 to December 2005. The trade involved five economic segments and supplied not only the local market but other Brazilian states and countries such as Argentina. Fifteen species were commercialized and, amongst them, threatened echinoderms included in the National Red List. Fishermen usually captured them by hand but destructive methods were also used. For these reasons, studies on the dynamics of harvested populations and the development of public policies are urgently needed in order to allow the sustainability of this trade.O comércio ornamental marinho tem crescido em escala mundial. Apesar do Brasil estar entre os maiores exportadores, dados sobre esta atividade são subestimados e, portanto, seu perfil e consequências às populações não são totalmente entendidos. Ainda que seja sustentado pela coleta de peixes, invertebrados carismáticos também figuram neste comércio e praticamente não há informações sobre os equinodermos coletados no Brasil. Dada a escassez de dados, este estudo teve como objetivo prover uma avaliação inicial do comércio de equinodermos pra o aquariofilismo marinho no estado da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil. O desembarque de equinodermos foi monitorado e o perfil do comércio investigado de Janeiro de 1996 a Dezembro de 2005. A atividade envolveu cinco segmentos econômicos e abasteceu não apenas o comércio local, mas outros estados brasileiros e países, a exemplo da Argentina. Quinze espécies foram comercializadas, entre elas, equinodermos incluídos na Lista Vermelha Nacional de organismos ameaçados. Pescadores normalmente os coletavam manualmente, no entanto, métodos destrutivos também eram utilizados. Assim, estudos sobre a dinâmica das populações coletadas e o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas que regulem esta atividade são urgentes, a fim de permitir a sustentabilidade deste comércio

Risk of Residual Neoplasia after a Local-Risk Resection of Colorectal Lesions by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Multinational Study

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in colorectal lesions is demanding, and a significant rate of non-curative procedures is expected. We aimed to assess the rate of residual lesion after a piecemeal ESD resection, or after an en bloc resection but with positive horizontal margins (local-risk resection-LocRR), for colorectal benign neoplasia. A retrospective multicenter analysis of consecutive colorectal ESDs was performed. Patients with LocRR ESDs for the treatment of benign colorectal lesions with at least one follow-up endoscopy were included. A cohort of en bloc resected lesions, with negative margins, was used as the control. A total of 2255 colorectal ESDs were reviewed; 352 of the ESDs were "non-curative". Among them, 209 were LocRR: 133 high-grade dysplasia and 76 low-grade dysplasia. Ten cases were excluded due to missing data. A total of 146 consecutive curative resections were retrieved for comparison. Compared to the "curative group", LocRRs were observed in lengthier procedures, with larger lesions, and in non-granular LSTs. Recurrence was higher in the LocRR group (16/199, 8% vs. 1/146, 0.7%; p = 0.002). However, statistical significance was lost when considering only en bloc resections with positive horizontal margins (p = 0.068). In conclusion, a higher rate of residual lesion was found after a piecemeal ESD resection, but not after an en bloc resection with positive horizontal margins.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A importância da angiografia cerebral no diagnóstico das malformações arteriovenosas / The importance of cerebral angiography in the diagnosis of arteriovenosal malformations

Introdução: As Malformações Arteriovenosas (MAV’s) são lesões congênitas vasculares complexas, nas quais o sangue arterial flui diretamente para a rede venosa, através de múltiplas comunicações fistulosas sem um leito capilar interveniente. São lesões raras e decorrentes do desenvolvimento anômalo vascular da circulação fetal, quando há persistência de artérias primitivas e ausência de capilares. A hemorragia cerebral é a apresentação sintomática mais comum, seguindo-se a epilepsia, cefaleia crônica e déficit neurológico focal. Objetivos: Evidenciar os aspectos clínicos e analisar os fatores relacionados ao diagnóstico da MAV através da angiografia cerebral. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica composto de artigos publicados e selecionados das bases de dados das plataformas: PubMed, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO), Google Acadêmico e revistas eletrônicas de saúde, aplicando os seguintes descritores: Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas, Angiografia Cerebral, Diagnóstico. Resultados: As MAV’s são lesões infrequentes; podem ser assintomáticas e descobertas por acaso quando realizado um exame de neuroimagem. A partir do estudo angiográfico faz-se uma distinção rigorosa e definitiva, sendo um exame obrigatório para o diagnóstico da MAV. A angiografia cerebral pormenoriza a vasculatura das artérias que alimentam a lesão e as veias de drenagem, avaliando a anatomia, a arquitetura e hemodinâmica da lesão. Conclusão: Dessa forma, para o diagnóstico da MAV a angiografia cerebral é o exame “padrão ouro” devido a sua alta acurácia, permitindo uma avaliação detalhada no que diz respeito a morfologia, localização do nidus, presença e localização de aneurismas associados e padrão hemodinâmico, sendo usado para o diagnóstico e planejamento terapêutico. Sendo importante ressaltar a crescente inovação de métodos investigativos, como a exemplo da Tomografia Computadorizada (TC), a qual vem adquirindo progressiva notoriedade como exame de triagem

Brazilian recommendations on the safety and effectiveness of the yellow fever vaccination in patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases

Background: In Brazil, we are facing an alarming epidemic scenario of Yellow fever (YF), which is reaching the most populous areas of the country in unvaccinated people. Vaccination is the only effective tool to prevent YF. In special situations, such as patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (CIMID), undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, as a higher risk of severe adverse events may occur, assessment of the risk-benefit ratio of the yellow fever vaccine (YFV) should be performed on an individual level. Main body of the abstract: Faced with the scarcity of specific orientation on YFV for this special group of patients, the Brazilian Rheumatology Society (BRS) endorsed a project aiming the development of individualized YFV recommendations for patients with CIMID, guided by questions addressed by both medical professionals and patients, followed an internationally validated methodology (GIN-McMaster Guideline Development). Firstly, a systematic review was carried out and an expert panel formed to take part of the decision process, comprising BRS clinical practitioners, as well as individuals from the Brazilian Dermatology Society (BDS), Brazilian Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Study Group (GEDIIB), and specialists on infectious diseases and vaccination (from Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Immunizations National Societies); in addition, two representatives of patient groups were included as members of the panel. When the quality of the evidence was low or there was a lack of evidence to determine the recommendations, the decisions were based on the expert opinion panel and a Delphi approach was performed. A recommendation was accepted upon achieving ≥80% agreement among the panel, including the patient representatives. As a result, eight recommendations were developed regarding the safety of YFV in patients with CIMID, considering the immunosuppression degree conferred by the treatment used. It was not possible to establish recommendations on the effectiveness of YFV in these patients as there is no consistent evidence to support these recommendations. Conclusion: This paper approaches a real need, assessed by clinicians and patient care groups, to address specific questions on the management of YFV in patients with CIMID living or traveling to YF endemic areas, involving specialists from many areas together with patients, and might have global applicability, contributing to and supporting vaccination practices. We recommended a shared decision-making approach on taking or not the YFV

Whole-genome sequencing of 1,171 elderly admixed individuals from Brazil

As whole-genome sequencing (WGS) becomes the gold standard tool for studying population genomics and medical applications, data on diverse non-European and admixed individuals are still scarce. Here, we present a high-coverage WGS dataset of 1,171 highly admixed elderly Brazilians from a census-based cohort, providing over 76 million variants, of which ~2 million are absent from large public databases. WGS enables identification of ~2,000 previously undescribed mobile element insertions without previous description, nearly 5 Mb of genomic segments absent from the human genome reference, and over 140 alleles from HLA genes absent from public resources. We reclassify and curate pathogenicity assertions for nearly four hundred variants in genes associated with dominantly-inherited Mendelian disorders and calculate the incidence for selected recessive disorders, demonstrating the clinical usefulness of the present study. Finally, we observe that whole-genome and HLA imputation could be significantly improved compared to available datasets since rare variation represents the largest proportion of input from WGS. These results demonstrate that even smaller sample sizes of underrepresented populations bring relevant data for genomic studies, especially when exploring analyses allowed only by WGS

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Abordagens farmacológicas para a prevenção de recaídas em Depressão

As abordagens farmacológicas para a prevenção de recaídas em depressão desempenham um papel crucial na gestão contínua do transtorno. A personalização do tratamento, monitoramento atento e colaboração entre profissionais de saúde mental são elementos essenciais para otimizar os resultados e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes que enfrentam esse desafio persistente. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o papel das abordagens farmacológica para a prevenção de recaídas em depressão. Para isso, se realizou uma revisão sistemática da literatura, utilizando as bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs e Medline. Com a análise qualitativa dos resultados, concluiu-se que as intervenções farmacológicas desempenham um papel significativo no cuidado mental, proporcionando benefícios em diversas situações. Contudo, o limite reside na necessidade de abordar cuidadosamente os desafios associados a essas intervenções e reconhecer a diversidade de respostas individuais à terapia farmacológica