185 research outputs found
A nem-enzimatikus glikáció és az előrehaladott glikációs végtermékek szerepe a vesebetegségek progressziójában, különös tekintettel a diabeteses nephropathiára
A renin-angiotenzin-aldoszteron rendszer és a karbonil stressz szerepe a metabolikus syndroma és az általa okozott vesebetegség kialakulásában = Role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and carbonyl stress in the development of the metabolic syndrome and in its nephropathy
Az ACE és a glutation peroxidáz gén polimorfizmusa összefüggést mutat a metabolikus szindróma súlyosságával, és az oxidatív stressz mértékével. A karbonil stressz egyik forrásaként ismert dohányfüst a metabolikus szindróma pathogenezisében fontos szerepet játszó endothel funkciót károsítja. Az agyat ért karbonil stressz metabolikus szindrómára jellegzetes klinikai kép kialakulásához vezet. A metabolikus szindrómás állatok veséjében a karbonil stressz végtermékei és a renin kolokalizációt mutat. Izolált vörösvértestekben a karbonil stressz fokozott oxidatív stresszt okoz. A karbonil-stresszel járó diabeteszes glükózuria a vese tubuláris sejtjeiben hidroxil szabadgyök- termeléshez vezet. Az oxidatív stressz fontos szerepet játszik a diabeteszes cataracta, a diabeteszes mikroalbuminuria kialakulásában és mértéke összefügg a diabeteszes érkárosodás mértékével. A karbonil és oxidatív stressz hatására képződő glikációs végtermékek szintje a halálozás független prediktora. Diabeteszes betegekben az inzulinkezelés megkezdése csökkentette az oxidatív stresszt, és javította az endothelfunkciót. Kidolgoztuk az ACE-inhibítorok és az angiotenzin receptor blokkolók kombinálásának ajánlását a diabeteszes nephropathia kezelésében. Diabeteszes betegekben az antioxidáns rezveratrol javította a szénhidrátháztartást. A diabeteszes nephropathiában korán jelentkező anaemia hátterében álló erythropoetin-rezisztenciát az antioxidáns dózisban adott acetilszalicilsavval sikerült áttörnünk. | We have shown, that ACE and glutathion peroxidase gene polymorphisms have an effect on the severity of the metabolic syndrome and on the level of oxidative stress. Smoking, a known source of carbonyl stress causes endothelial dysfunction, which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Carbonyl stress in the brain leads to the development of a clinical picture characteristic for metabolic syndrome. In the kidneys of the animals with metabolic syndrome the end-products of carbonyl stress show co-localisation with renin. Carbonyl stress causes increased oxidative stress in isolated red blood cells. Diabetic glucoseuria accompanied with carbonyl stress induces hydroxyl radical production in renal tubular cells. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of diabetic cataract and diabetic microalbuminuria, and is related to the extent of diabetic vascular damage. Level of glycation end-products generated by carbonyl and oxidative stress is an independent predictor of mortality. Initiation of insulin treatment in diabetic patients decreased the oxidative stress and improved the endothelial function. We have formulated guidelines for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. The antioxidant resveratrol improves carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic patients. Erythropoetin resistance causing early anaemia in diabetic nephropathy was overrided by an antioxidant dose of acetylsalicylic acid
Formation of Liesegang Patterns
It has been recently shown that precipitation bands characteristic of
Liesegang patterns emerge from spinodal decomposition of reaction products in
the wake of moving reaction fronts. This mechanism explains the geometric
sequence of band positions x_n ~ Q(1+p)^n and, furthermore, it yields a spacing
coefficient, p, that is in agreement with the experimentally observed
Matalon-Packter law. Here I examine the assumptions underlying this theory and
discuss the choice of input parameters that leads to experimentally observable
patterns. I also show that the so called width law relating the position and
the width of the bands w_n ~ x_n follows naturally from this theory.Comment: Talk presented at NATO Advanced Workshop on Statistical Physics
Applied to Practical Problems (Budapest, May 1999); to appear in Physica A. 6
pages, 1 jpeg and 3 ps figure
Strength of the =1.842 MeV resonance in the Ca(p,)Sc reaction revisited
The strength of the MeV resonance in the
Ca(p,)Sc reaction is determined with two different
methods: First, by an absolute strength measurement using calcium hydroxide
targets, and second, relative to the well-determined strength of the resonance
triplet at = 4.5 MeV in the Ca(,)Ti
reaction. The present new value of eV is 37%
(equivalent to ) higher than the evaluated literature value. In
addition, the ratio of the strengths of the 1.842 MeV
Ca(p,)Sc and 4.5 MeV
Ca(,)Ti resonances has been determined to be
. The newly corrected strength of the 1.842-MeV resonance can
be used in the future as a normalization point for experiments with calcium
targets.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Strengths of the resonances at 436, 479, 639, 661, and 1279 keV in the Ne(p,)Na reaction
The Ne(p,)Na reaction is included in the neon-sodium
cycle of hydrogen burning. A number of narrow resonances in the Gamow window
dominates the thermonuclear reaction rate. Several resonance strengths are only
poorly known. As a result, the Ne(p,)Na thermonuclear
reaction rate is the most uncertain rate of the cycle. Here, a new experimental
study of the strengths of the resonances at 436, 479, 639, 661, and 1279 keV
proton beam energy is reported. The data have been obtained using a tantalum
target implanted with Ne. The strengths of the resonances
at 436, 639, and 661 keV have been determined with a relative approach, using
the 479 and 1279 keV resonances for normalization. Subsequently, the ratio of
resonance strengths of the 479 and 1279 keV resonances was determined,
improving the precision of these two standards. The new data are consistent
with, but more precise than, the literature with the exception of the resonance
at 661 keV, which is found to be less intense by one order of magnitude. In
addition, improved branching ratios have been determined for the gamma decay of
the resonances at 436, 479, and 639 keV.Comment: Final version, now using the Kelly et al. (2015) data [15] for
normalization; 10 pages, 7 figures, 3 table
High-precision measurement of the atomic mass of the electron
The quest for the value of the electron's atomic mass has been subject of
continuing efforts over the last decades. Among the seemingly fundamental
constants which parameterize the Standard Model (SM) of physics and which are
thus responsible for its predictive power, the electron mass me plays a
prominent role, as it is responsible for the structure and properties of atoms
and molecules. This manifests in the close link with other fundamental
constants, such as the Rydberg constant and the fine-structure constant
{\alpha}. However, the low mass of the electron considerably complicates its
precise determination. In this work we present a substantial improvement by
combining a very accurate measurement of the magnetic moment of a single
electron bound to a carbon nucleus with a state-of-the-art calculation in the
framework of bound-state Quantum Electrodynamics. The achieved precision of the
atomic mass of the electron surpasses the current CODATA value by a factor of
13. Accordingly, the result presented in this letter lays the foundation for
future fundamental physics experiments and precision tests of the SM
The resonance triplet at E_alpha = 4.5 MeV in the 40Ca(alpha,gamma)44Ti reaction
The 40Ca(alpha,gamma)44Ti reaction is believed to be the main production
channel for the radioactive nuclide 44Ti in core-collapse supernovae. Radiation
from decaying 44Ti has been observed so far for two supernova remnants, and a
precise knowledge of the 44Ti production rate may help improve supernova
models. The 40Ca(alpha,gamma)44Ti astrophysical reaction rate is determined by
a number of narrow resonances. Here, the resonance triplet at E_alpha = 4497,
4510, and 4523 keV is studied both by activation, using an underground
laboratory for the gamma counting, and by in-beam gamma spectrometry. The
target properties are determined by elastic recoil detection analysis and by
nuclear reactions. The strengths of the three resonances are determined to
omega gamma = (0.92+-0.20), (6.2+-0.5), and (1.32+-0.24) eV, respectively, a
factor of two more precise than before. The strengths of this resonance triplet
may be used in future works as a point of reference. In addition, the present
new data directly affect the astrophysical reaction rate at relatively high
temperatures, above 3.5 GK.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures; submitted to Phys. Rev.
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