At Ease with Your Warnings: The Principles of the Salutogenesis Model Applied to Automatic Static Analysis

The results of an automatic static analysis run can be overwhelming, especially for beginners. The overflow of information and the resulting need for many decisions is mentally tiring and can cause stress symptoms. There are several models in health care which are designed to fight stress. One of these is the salutogenesis model created by Aaron Antonovsky. In this paper, we will present an idea on how to transfer this model into a triage and recommendation model for static analysis tools and give an example of how this can be implemented in FindBugs, a static analysis tool for Java.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Get started imminently: Using tutorials to accelerate learning in automated static analysis

Static analysis can be a valuable quality assurance technique as it can find problems by analysing the source code of a system without executing it. Getting used to a static analysis tool, however, can easily take several hours or even days. In particular, understanding the warnings issued by the tool and rooting out the false positives is time consuming. This lowers the benefits of static analysis and demotivates developers in using it. Games solve this problem by offering a tutorial. Those tutorials are integrated in the setting of the game and teach the basic mechanics of the game. Often it is possible to repeat or pick topics of interest. We transfer this pattern to static analysis lowering the initial barrier of using it as well as getting an understanding of software quality spread out to more people. In this paper we propose a research strategy starting with a piloting period in which we will gather information about the questions static analysis users have as well as hone our answers to these questions. These results will be integrated into the prototype. We will evaluate our work then by comparing the fix times of user using the original tool versus our tool

20 Jahre Wiedervereinigung: wie weit Ost- und Westdeutschland zusammengerückt sind

Ist inzwischen zusammengewachsen, was zusammengehört? Die Prüfung dieser von Willy Brandt im November 1989 formulierten Vision erfordert eine Bilanzierung, die die Verteilung von Einkommen und Arbeitsmarktchancen ebenso in den Blick nimmt wie Haushalts- und Familienformen und die subjektiven Bewertungen dieser Lebensumstände in Form von Zufriedenheiten und Sorgen, Einstellungen und Werten.1 Die empirischen Ergebnisse zeigen ein komplexes Bild. In den ersten Jahren nach der Vereinigung waren in vielen Lebensbereichen zunächst schnelle Angleichungsfortschritte zu beobachten. Ab der zweiten Hälfte der 90er Jahre hat sich dieser Angleichungsprozess indes unterschiedlich entwickelt. Zwar ist die Wohnungsversorgung in Ost und West inzwischen praktisch gleich, dagegen sind die Einkommensdivergenzen zwischen Ost und West zuletzt sogar wieder gestiegen. Inzwischen sind die ersten nach der Vereinigung geborenen Jahrgänge in den Arbeitsmarkt eingetreten und die meisten der heute Erwerbstätigen haben den überwiegenden Teil ihrer beruflichen Laufbahn im vereinigten Deutschland verbracht. Entsprechend zeigt bei den jüngeren Altersgruppen die allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit inzwischen nur noch geringe Ost- West-Differenzen. Trotzdem bleiben Unterschiede weiterhin bestehen - sie sind aber zunehmend Ausdruck vielfältiger regionaler Disparitäten innerhalb des vereinigten Deutschlands, nicht nur zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland.German unification, Quality of life, SOEP

Effectiveness of providing university students with a mindfulness-based intervention to increase resilience to stress: 1-year follow-up of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: There is concern that increasing demand for student mental health services reflects deteriorating student well-being. We designed a pragmatic, parallel, single-blinded randomised controlled trial hypothesising that providing mindfulness courses to university students would promote their resilience to stress up to a year later. Here we present 1-year follow-up outcomes. METHODS: University of Cambridge students without severe mental illness or crisis were randomised (1:1, remote software-generated random numbers), to join an 8-week mindfulness course adapted for university students (Mindfulness Skills for Students (MSS)), or to mental health support as usual (SAU). RESULTS: We randomised 616 students; 53% completed the 1-year follow-up questionnaire. Self-reported psychological distress and mental well-being improved in the MSS arm for up to 1 year compared to SAU (p<0.001). Effects were smaller than during the examination period. No significant differences between arms were detected in the use of University Counselling Service and other support resources, but there was a trend for MSS participants having milder needs. There were no differences in students' workload management; MSS participants made more donations. Home practice had positive dose-response effects; few participants meditated. No adverse effects related to self-harm, suicidality or harm to others were detected. CONCLUSION: Loss to follow-up is a limitation, but evidence suggests beneficial effects on students' average psychological distress that last for at least a year. Effects are on average larger at stressful times, consistent with the hypothesis that this type of mindfulness training increases resilience to stress. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12615001160527.This is a summary of research funded by the University of Cambridge Vice-Chancellor’s Endowment Fund (RNER–LFHA), the University Counselling Service (no specific grant) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration East of England (ARC EoE) programme (RNAG/564)

Assessing iterative practical software engineering courses with play money

Changing our practical software engineering course from the previous waterfall model to a more agile and iterative approach created more severe assessment challenges. To cope with them we added an assessment concept based on play money. The concept not only includes weekly expenses to simulate real running costs but also investments, which correspond to assessment results of the submissions. This concept simulates a startup-like working environment and its financing in an university course. Our early evaluation shows that the combination of the iterative approach and the play money investments is motivating for many students. At this point we think that the combined approach has advantages from both the supervising and the students point of view. We planned more evaluations to better understand all its effects

Jahresdynamik und Habitatbindung von Wanzen (Heteroptera) auf renaturierten Moorstandorten in den Kendlmühlfilzen (Oberbayern, Lkr. Traunstein).

Im Jahr 1998 wurde auf seit elf Jahren renaturierten Frästorfabbaufeldern in den Kendlmühlfilzen, einem Hochmoorkomplex südlich des Chiemsees (Oberbayern, Lkr. Traunstein), die Heteropterenfauna in sechs ausgewählten Habitaten untersucht. Seggenried, Birkenaufwuchsfläche, Zwergstrauchheide, Wollgrasfläche und Schwimmrasen stellen unterschiedliche Sukzessionsstadien auf Renaturierungsflächen mit verschiedenen Standortbedingungen (Wasserstand, Nährstoffverfügbarkeit) dar. Die sechste Fläche war eine Fläche der Hochmoorweite (Schlenken-Komplex) und diente als Referenzfläche. Die Probenahmen erfolgten mit einem Insektensauggerät und dem Kescher. Mit zusätzlichen Fängen auch in den Randbereichen wurden insgesamt 6750 Wanzen in 55 Arten nachgewiesen. - Von verschiedenen faunistisch bemerkenswerten oder häufigen Arten wurden Vorkommen in Bayern, Aktivitätsdynamik und Habitatansprüche dokumentiert. Es wurde je nach Art und Überwinterungsstrategie ein ein- (Eiüberwinterer) oder zwei- bis mehrgipfliger (Imaginalüberwinterer) Verlauf der Jahresaktivität festgestellt. - In den sechs Habitaten konnten in Abhängigkeit von der Struktur des Habitates oder der vorkommenden Pflanzenarten Zeigerarten determiniert werden: Zeigerarten für das Seggenried waren in den Kendlmühlfilzen unter anderen Nabis rugosus, für die Birkenaufwuchsfläche Kleidocerys resedae und Pilophorus clavatus, für die Zwergstrauchheide Scolopostethus decoratus, Orthotylus ericetorum und Nabis ericetorum, für die Wollgrasfläche Hebrus pusillus, für den Schwimmrasen Microvelia reticulata, Cymus melanocephalus, Pachybrachius fracticollis und Pachybrachius luridus, und für das Hochmoor Agramma ruficorne. Hebrus ruficeps und Agramma ruficorne sind in den Kendlmühlfilzen tyrphophil.StichwörterHochmoor, Heteroptera, tyrphophil, hygrophil, Hebrus ruficeps, Jahresdynamik, Renaturierung, Habitatbindung, Kendlmühlfilzen.In 1998, the Heteroptera fauna of six selected habitats in the Kendmühlfilzen, an ombrotrophic bog south of Lake Chiemsee (Upper Bavaria, County of Traunstein), was investigated. Parts of the Kendlmühlfilzen were formerly exploited for peat and were restored eleven years ago. Carex rostrata wetland, birch woodland, Calluna-heathland, Eriophorum vaginatum wetland, and sedge-rich floating mats on restored areas represent succession states due to different abiotic conditions (groundwater level, nutrient supply). The sixth site was a natural peat bog (hummock-hollow-complex) and served as reference of undisturbed habitats. The samples were made with an insect suction sampler (D-vac) and with a sweep net. Additional plots in border areas included, a total of 6750 true bugs of 55 species were collected. Bavarian records, annual activity dynamics and habitat preferences in the Kendlmühlfilzen of several remarkable and frequent species are described. - Populations dynamics with one activity maximum (hibernation as eggs) or two and more activity maxima (hibernation as imago) were observed. The following indicator species were identified: (1) e.g. Nabis rugosus, (2) Kleidocerys resedae and Pilophorus clavatus, (3) Scolopostethus decoratus, Orthotylus ericetorum and Nabis ericetorum, (4) Hebrus pusillus, (5) Microvelia reticulata, Cymus melanocephalus, Pachybrachius fracticollis and Pachybrachius luridus, and for habitat (6) Agramma ruficorne. Hebrus ruficeps and Agramma ruficorne are tyrphophilous in the Kendlmühlfilzen.KeywordsHochmoor, Heteroptera, tyrphophil, hygrophil, Hebrus ruficeps, Jahresdynamik, Renaturierung, Habitatbindung, Kendlmühlfilzen