Ethnopharmacological survey of Samburu district, Kenya

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ethnobotanical pharmacopoeia is confidently used in disease intervention and there is need for documentation and preservation of traditional medical knowledge to bolster the discovery of novel drugs. The objective of the present study was to document the indigenous medicinal plant utilization, management and their extinction threats in Samburu District, Kenya.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Field research was conducted in six divisions of Samburu District in Kenya. We randomly sampled 100 consented interviewees stratified by age, gender, occupation and level of education. We collected plant use data through semi-structured questionnaires; transect walks, oral interviews and focus groups discussions. Voucher specimens of all cited botanic species were collected and deposited at University of Nairobi's botany herbarium.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Data on plant use from the informants yielded 990 citations on 56 medicinal plant species, which are used to treat 54 different animal and human diseases including; malaria, digestive disorders, respiratory syndromes and ectoparasites.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The ethnomedicinal use of plant species was documented in the study area for treatment of both human and veterinary diseases. The local population has high ethnobotanical knowledge and has adopted sound management conservation practices. The major threatening factors reported were anthropogenic and natural. Ethnomedical documentation and sustainable plant utilization can support drug discovery efforts in developing countries.</p

Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of Kenyan medicinal plants

Seven medicinal plant extracts traditionally used in Kenya, mainly for management of infectious conditions, were chosen and screened for their antibacterial activity against Gram-negative ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli ) and Gram-positive ( Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus ) bacteria. Antibacterial activity was tested using the broth dilution method. Harrisonia abyssinica and Terminalia kilimandscharica extracts showed significant activity against Gram+ and Gram- bacteria. The methanolic extracts of T. kilimandscharica bark and H. abyssinica bark and leaves showed minimum inhibitory activity against all tested bacteria, with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 25-150 mg/mL. Ajuga remota and Amaranthus hybridus , which are lethal to brine shrimp nauplii, showed significantly lower antibacterial activity than those that were relatively non-toxic

Implementation of guidance on dossier evaluation for the registration of pest control products in Kenya

This document describes suggestions for further steps that can be taken with regard to the evaluation of pest control products in Kenya. The document should be read together with the document describing proposed guidance on dossier evaluation for the registration of pest control products in Kenya and as such both contribute to a future complete pesticide evaluation manual for Kenya.Both documents were developed within the Pesticide management initiative East African Region: Kenya (PEAR -Kenya) project. The project ran in the period 2016 – 2019 and was sponsored and supported by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality and the Embassy of the Netherlands in Nairobi.This document is intended to feed into discussions on further development of a complete pesticide evaluation manual for Kenya using the guidance mentioned as a starting point. Reflections on some of the methods proposed and also information on what is needed to implement the guidance developed in the project are provided. Additionally, suggestions for developing a framework for the risk assessment of aquatic organisms are given

Guidance on dossier evaluation for the registration of pest control products in Kenya

This document describes guidance on dossier evaluation for the registration of pest control products in Kenya. The document provides guidance for the assessment of a limited number of aspects that are part of evaluation of a pest control product registration dossier. It should therefore not be considered as a complete pesticide evaluation manual, though it is intended to contribute to a future complete pest control product evaluation manual for Kenya. The guidance should be read together with an im plementation report which contains stepping stones for further development.The guidance was developed within the Pesticide management initiative East African Region: Kenya (PEAR -Kenya) project. The project ran in the period 2016 – 2019 and was sponsored and supported by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality and the Embassy of the Netherlands in Nairobi.The guidance addresses various aspects of a pest control product evaluation covering low risk pest control products, microbial pest control product, chemical pest control products and equivalence determination. The evaluation procedures developed covers a fast-track pathway for low risk products. For microbial products the procedure focusses on identification, human pathology and infectiveness and hazard and risk assessments for metabolites of potential concern. For chemical products the procedure includes methods for human health and pollinator risk assessments. The evaluation process of new pest control products can be speeded up if the active ingredient or active agent of a new product proves to be equivalent to an already registered product

Lewaso Aplea (66 years), The most revered and knowledgeable of the remaining traditional healers in Samburu District displaying, Sond

() and L.() during the field collection.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Ethnopharmacological survey of Samburu district, Kenya"</p><p>http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/4/1/14</p><p>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2008;4():14-14.</p><p>Published online 23 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2412850.</p><p></p

Guidance on dossier evaluation for the registration of pest control products in Kenya

This document describes guidance on dossier evaluation for the registration of pest control products in Kenya. The document provides guidance for the assessment of a limited number of aspects that are part of evaluation of a pest control product registration dossier. It should therefore not be considered as a complete pesticide evaluation manual, though it is intended to contribute to a future complete pest control product evaluation manual for Kenya. The guidance should be read together with an im plementation report which contains stepping stones for further development.The guidance was developed within the Pesticide management initiative East African Region: Kenya (PEAR -Kenya) project. The project ran in the period 2016 – 2019 and was sponsored and supported by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality and the Embassy of the Netherlands in Nairobi.The guidance addresses various aspects of a pest control product evaluation covering low risk pest control products, microbial pest control product, chemical pest control products and equivalence determination. The evaluation procedures developed covers a fast-track pathway for low risk products. For microbial products the procedure focusses on identification, human pathology and infectiveness and hazard and risk assessments for metabolites of potential concern. For chemical products the procedure includes methods for human health and pollinator risk assessments. The evaluation process of new pest control products can be speeded up if the active ingredient or active agent of a new product proves to be equivalent to an already registered product

Implementation of guidance on dossier evaluation for the registration of pest control products in Kenya

This document describes suggestions for further steps that can be taken with regard to the evaluation of pest control products in Kenya. The document should be read together with the document describing proposed guidance on dossier evaluation for the registration of pest control products in Kenya and as such both contribute to a future complete pesticide evaluation manual for Kenya.Both documents were developed within the Pesticide management initiative East African Region: Kenya (PEAR -Kenya) project. The project ran in the period 2016 – 2019 and was sponsored and supported by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality and the Embassy of the Netherlands in Nairobi.This document is intended to feed into discussions on further development of a complete pesticide evaluation manual for Kenya using the guidance mentioned as a starting point. Reflections on some of the methods proposed and also information on what is needed to implement the guidance developed in the project are provided. Additionally, suggestions for developing a framework for the risk assessment of aquatic organisms are given