Effect of the spray volume adjustment model on the efficiency of fungicides and residues in processing tomato

This study compared the effects of a proportionate spray volume (PSV) adjustment model and a fixed model (300 L/ha) on the infestation of processing tomato with potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) (PLB) and azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil residues in fruits in three consecutive seasons. The fungicides were applied in alternating system with or without two spreader adjuvants. The proportionate spray volume adjustment model was based on the number of leaves on plants and spray volume index. The modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method was optimized and validated for extraction of azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil residue. Gas chromatography with a nitrogen and phosphorus detector and an electron capture detector were used for the analysis of fungicides. The results showed that higher fungicidal residues were connected with lower infestation of tomato with PLB. PSV adjustment model resulted in lower infestation of tomato than the fixed model (300 L/ha) when fungicides were applied at half the dose without adjuvants. Higher expected spray interception into the tomato canopy with the PSV system was recognized as the reasons of better control of PLB. The spreader adjuvants did not have positive effect on the biological efficacy of spray volume application systems. The results suggest that PSV adjustment model can be used to determine the spray volume for fungicide application for processing tomato crop

New data on the geological structure of the Lubień Salt Dome. Part I - interpretation of geophysical data

Wysad solny Lubień jest jedną z kilkudziesięciu struktur solnych występujących na Niżu Polskim. Został zidentyfikowany badaniami grawimetrycznymi, prowadzonymi w latach 1937-1950. Zalega w formie nieregularnego słupa solnego, zwężającego się wraz z głębokością. W przekroju poprzecznym wysad ma kształt kolisty o maksymalnej średnicy około 2,8 km. Wnętrze wysadu budują ewaporaty cechsztyńskiej serii solnej, które są przykryte czapą anhydrytowo-gipsowo- -ilastą. W otoczeniu wysadu występują utwory jury górnej i środkowej, nad którymi zalegają osady paleogenu i neogenu oraz czwartorzędu. W rejonie występowania wysadu odwiercono 31 otworów, z których 20 nawierciło serię solną. Zostały też wykonane liczne badania i pomiary geofizyczne. Na podstawie danych z pomiarów sejsmicznych wykonanych w 2014 roku oraz ich reprocesingu i reinterpretacji w 2017 i 2018 roku, opracowano modele przestrzenne wysadu Lubień i zaktualizowano podstawowe parametry wysadu.The Lubień Salt Dome is one of the several dozen salt structures found in the Polish Lowlands. He was identified by gravimetric research conducted in the years 1937-1950. It lies in the form of an irregular salt column, narrowing with depth. In its cross-section, the dome has a circular shape with a maximum diameter of about 2.8 km. The interior of the dome is built by evaporates of the Zechstein salt series, which are cooverlain by an anhydrite-gypsum-clay cap-rock. In the vicinity of the dome there are Upper and Middle Jurassic formations over which Palaeogene, Neogene and Quaternary deposits. 31 holes were drilled in the area of the dome, 20 of which drilled a series of salt. Numerous geophysical surveys and measurements were also made. Based on the data from seismic measurements made in 2014 and their reprocessing and reinterpretation in 2017 and 2018, spatial models of the Lubień Salt Dome were developed and the basic parameters of the dome were updated

Current status and prospects for cannabinoids ("medical marihuana") used in children therapy. Review of opinions and standpoints

Wstępne obserwacje kliniczne sygnalizują korzystne działanie kannabinoidów ("medycznej marihuany") w niektórych chorobach neurologicznych. Szczególne oczekiwania skuteczności leczniczej budzi cannabidiol (CBD – pochodna cannabis sativa) i jego homolog kannabidiwarin (CBDV – pochodna cannabis indica – north west), które obok kontrowersyjnych komponentów tej grupy, Δ9-tetrahydrokannabinolu (THC) i Δ9-tetrahydrokannabidiwarin (THCV), nie wykazują działania psychoaktywnego. W ukierunkowanej terapii niektórych pacjentów (również dzieci) z ciężkimi postaciami lekoopornej padaczki, niereagującej na standardowe leczenie przeciwdrgawkowe, podczas stosowania kannabinoidów uzyskano znaczącą redukcję częstotliwości napadów drgawkowych i poprawę stanu klinicznego. Dotychczas brak jest odpowiednich badań naukowych i klinicznych potwierdzających niekwestionowaną skuteczność i bezpieczeństwo stosowania kannabinoidów. Jak dotychczas nieznany jest zakres skutecznych dawek leczniczych (zwłaszcza u dzieci), ale także układ optymalnej proporcji potencjalnych składników aktywnych w przypadku monoterapii (CBD, CBDV) i podczas użycia preparatów złożonych (CBD/THC), niezależnie od schematu ich podawania w układzie interakcji z innymi lekami. Farmakoterapia pacjentów wieku rozwojowego wzbudza zawsze obawy ryzyka działań niepożądanych i ich następstw (skutki odległe), które powinny być priorytetowo poznane i określone. Z tych powodów lekarskie towarzystwa naukowe w USA (AAP, AES) i Polsce (PTND, PTE) aktualnie nie widzą uzasadnionych podstaw do szybkiej legalizacji użytkowej kannabinoidów jako standardowych preparatów leczniczych. Podobna kontestacja użytkowa kannabinoidów (CBD/THC) wynika również z niespełnienia obowiązujących warunków i wymagań aktów prawnych UE i polskich, niezbędnych do ich rejestracji jako skutecznych i bezpiecznych produktów leczniczych. Rozstrzygnięcie i faktyczna ocena wartości leczniczych kannabinoidów może nastąpić jedynie poprzez podjęcie wieloośrodkowych badań naukowych i klinicznych, najlepiej w ramach międzynarodowego programu badawczego.Preliminary clinical observations signalize favourable action of cannabinoids (“medical marihuana”) in certain neurological diseases. Particular hopes of clinical efficacy are linked to cannabidiol – CBD, a derivative of Cannabis sativa and homolog cannabidivarin (CBDV, derivative of cannabis indica – north west), which apart from the basic, controversial component of the group of the Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinole (THC) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabidivarin (THCV), manifests no psychoactive effects. In the targeted therapy of some patients (also children) with severe forms of drug-resistant epilepsy, not reacting to a standard anti- -seizure therapy, application of cannabinoids was followed by a significant reduction in incidence of seizure attacks and the improvement of patients clinical condition. Until now, no appropriate evidence based on scientific and clinical studies is available, which would confirm efficacy and safety of cannabinoid application. Also till today the range of effective therapeutic doses remains unknown (particularly in children) as well as the optimum proportions of potential active compounds in cases of monotherapy (CBD) or during applications of complex preparations (CBD/THC – an enriched cannabis), irrespectively of the manner of their administration in interaction with other compounds. In any case, pharmacotherapy in patients of developmental age always carries the risk of unfavourable reactions and of their sequels (distant effects), which at first should be recognized and well defined. For this reason medical scientific associations in USA (AAP, AES) and in Poland (PTN, PTE) currently see no justified reasons for a rapid legalization of cannabinoid use as a standard therapeutic preparations. Such a contestation of cannabinoid use (CBD/THC) is consistent also with the fact that necessary conditions of EU and Polish legal acts required for their registration as effective and safe therapeutic products have not been fulfilled. Resolution of the dilemma and actual evaluation of cannabinoid therapeutic value may only be based on multi centre scientific and clinical studies, at best within an international investigative program

Radiation sterilization of ephedrine in the solid state

The effects of the e-beam ionising radiation of energy 9.96 MeV in doses 25 800 kGy on the stability of solid ephedrine hydrochloride (1R,2S)-(-)-2-methylamino-1-phenyl-1-propanol hydrochloride) have been studied. These effects have been observed using the following analytical methods: organoleptic (form, colour, smell, clarity of solution), scanning electron microscope SEM, pH measurement, chirality and water content measurement (Karl Fischer method), spectrometric methods (UV, FT IR, EPR), chromatography (TLC), and combined chromatography (TLC UV, GC MS). Even the standard sterilisation dose of 25 kGy has been found to cause a change in colour from white to pale yellow, the appearance of free radicals in the concentration of 3.05×10^15 spin/g, and about 1% loss of the content. The effects of higher doses 50 800 kGy have shown that radiodegradation degree of the compound is proportional to the dose applied. The main product of radiodegradation, formed at a yield of G = 17.17×10^7 mol/J, has been identified as 2-methylamino-1 phenyl-1-propanone (methcathinone, ephedrone), a psychoactive compound of the activity similar to that of amphetamine. For the above reasons ephedrine hydrochloride can not be subjected to radiative sterilisation with a dose of 25 kGy, however, assuming sufficiently low microbiological contamination of the initial substance, lower doses could be probably used for sterilisation purposes. Our results have not confirmed the earlier reports from 1970s on the resistance of ephedrine to ionising radiation in doses up to 60 kGy

Effect of the spray volume adjustment model on the efficiency of fungicides and residues in processing tomato

This study compared the effects of a proportionate spray volume (PSV) adjustment model and a fixed model (300 L/ha) on the infestation of processing tomato with potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) (PLB) and azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil residues in fruits in three consecutive seasons. The fungicides were applied in alternating system with or without two spreader adjuvants. The proportionate spray volume adjustment model was based on the number of leaves on plants and spray volume index. The modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method was optimized and validated for extraction of azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil residue. Gas chromatography with a nitrogen and phosphorus detector and an electron capture detector were used for the analysis of fungicides. The results showed that higher fungicidal residues were connected with lower infestation of tomato with PLB. PSV adjustment model resulted in lower infestation of tomato than the fixed model (300 L/ha) when fungicides were applied at half the dose without adjuvants. Higher expected spray interception into the tomato canopy with the PSV system was recognized as the reasons of better control of PLB. The spreader adjuvants did not have positive effect on the biological efficacy of spray volume application systems. The results suggest that PSV adjustment model can be used to determine the spray volume for fungicide application for processing tomato crop

Unrestricted use of polymer-free sirolimus eluting stents in routine clinical practice

International audienceStent designs with ultrathin struts may further increase the procedural success of challenging lesion subsets. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of ultrathin strut, polymer-free sirolimus eluting stent (PF-SES) implantations in a large scale, unselected patient population.Adult patients underwent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with a thin-strut PF-SES. Data from two all-comers observational studies having the same protocol (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02629575 and NCT02905214) were pooled. The accumulated target lesion revascularization (TLR) rate at 9-12 months was the primary endpoint. All dual antiplatelet therapy strategies according to the applicable guidelines were permissible.In total, 7243 patients were prospectively enrolled for PCI with PF-SES in stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Major risk factors in the overall cohort were diabetes (37.3%), ST elevation myocardial infarction (18.1%) and non-ST myocardial infarction (24.6%). The follow-up rate was 88.6% in the overall population. The TLR rate in the overall cohort was 2.2% whereas definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST) occurred in 0.7%. In patients with in-stent restenosis lesions, the major adverse cardiac events rate was 6.4% whereas the corresponding rate for isolated left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease was highest with 6.7% followed by patients with culprit lesions in vein bypasses (VB, 7.1%). The mortality rate in patients treated in VB lesions was highest with 5.4%, followed by the isolated LMCA subgroup (3.4%) and ACS (2.6%).PCI with PF-SES in an unselected patient population, is associated with low clinical event and ST rates. Furthermore, PF-SES angioplasty in niche indications demonstrated favorable safety and efficacy outcomes with high procedural success rates

Polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stent use in Europe and Asia: Ethnic differences in demographics and clinical outcomes

International audienceThe objective of this study was to assess regional and ethnic differences in an unselected patient population treated with polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stents (PF-SES) in Asia and Europe.Methods: Two all-comers observational studies based on the same protocol (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02629575 and NCT02905214) were combined for data analysis to assure sufficient statistical power. The primary endpoint was the accumulated target lesion revascularization (TLR) rate at 9-12 months.Results: Of the total population of 7243 patients, 44.0% (3186) were recruited in the Mediterranean region and 32.0% (2317) in central Europe. The most prominent Asian region was South Korea (17.6%, 1274) followed by Malaysia (5.7%, 413). Major cardiovascular risk factors varied significantly across regions. The overall rates for accumulated TLR and MACE were low with 2.2% (140/6374) and 4.4% (279/6374), respectively. In ACS patients, there were no differences in terms of MACE, TLR, MI and accumulated mortality between the investigated regions. Moreover, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) regimens were substantially longer in Asian countries even in patients with stable coronary artery disease as compared to those in Europe.Conclusions: PF-SES angioplasty is associated with low clinical event rates in all regions. Further reductions in clinical event rates seem to be associated with longer DAPT regimens