54 research outputs found
Number of years of participation in some, but not all, types of physical activity during adolescence predicts level of physical activity in adulthood: Results from a 13-year study
Abstract: Background: Adolescent physical activity (PA) levels track into adulthood. However it is not known if type of PA participated in during adolescence is associated with PA levels later in life. We aimed to identify natural groupings of types of PA and to assess whether number of years participating in these different groupings during adolescence is related to PA level in early adulthood. Methods: 673 adolescents in Montreal, Canada, age 12â13 years at baseline (54 % female), reported participation in 29 physical activities every 3 months over 5 years (1999â2005). They also reported their PA level at age 24 years (2011â12). PA groupings among the 29 physical activities were identified using factor analysis. The association between number of years participating in each grouping during adolescence and PA level at age 24 was estimated using linear regression within a general estimating equation framework. Results: Three PA groupings were identified: âsportsâ, âfitness and danceâ, and ârunningâ. There was a positive linear relationship between number of years participating in sports and running in adolescence and PA level at age 24 years (ÎČ (95 % confidence interval) = 0.09 (0.04-0.15); 0.08 (0.01-0.15), respectively). There was no relationship between fitness and dance in adolescence and PA level at age 24. Conclusions: The association between PA participation in adolescence and PA levels in young adulthood may be specific to certain PA types and to consistency of participation during adolescence. Results suggest that efforts to establish the habit of participation in sports and running in adolescence may promote higher PA levels in adulthood
The Type of Anastomosis after Selective Gastric Vagotomy and Precise Antrectomy Is of No Importance for Basal and Postprandial Serum Gastrin Concentration
Hormonal responses to complete or hydrolyzed protein diets in patients after upper gastrointestinal surgery.
Heme-binding enables allosteric modulation in an ancient TIM-barrel glycosidase
Glycosidases are phylogenetically widely distributed enzymes that are crucial for the cleavage
of glycosidic bonds. Here, we present the exceptional properties of a putative ancestor
of bacterial and eukaryotic family-1 glycosidases. The ancestral protein shares the TIM-barrel
fold with its modern descendants but displays large regions with greatly enhanced conformational
flexibility. Yet, the barrel core remains comparatively rigid and the ancestral
glycosidase activity is stable, with an optimum temperature within the experimental range for
thermophilic family-1 glycosidases. None of the âŒ5500 reported crystallographic structures
of âŒ1400 modern glycosidases show a bound porphyrin. Remarkably, the ancestral glycosidase
binds heme tightly and stoichiometrically at a well-defined buried site. Heme binding
rigidifies this TIM-barrel and allosterically enhances catalysis. Our work demonstrates the
capability of ancestral protein reconstructions to reveal valuable but unexpected biomolecular
features when sampling distant sequence space. The potential of the ancestral glycosidase as
a scaffold for custom catalysis and biosensor engineering is discussed.Uppsala Universit
Temporal variability of benthic algal ÎŽ13C signatures influences assessments of carbon flows in stream food webs
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