1,181 research outputs found
Perturbative Gluon Shadowing in Heavy Nuclei
We study how much gluon shadowing can be perturbatively generated through the
modified QCD evolution in heavy nuclei. The evolution of small- gluons is
investigated within the semiclassical approximation. The method of
characteristics is used to evaluate the shadowed distributions in low- and
small- region. In solving the modified evolution equation, we model in
simultaneously fusions from independent constituents and from the same
constituent, both in a proton and in a large loosely bound nucleus of . In addition to the actual distributions at small , we study the ratios
of the distributions at an initial scale GeV, and show that a strong
nuclear shadowing can follow from the modified QCD evolution.Comment: 9 pages in LATEX with 2 postscript figures in a separate uuencoded
file, LBL-3415
Spherical collapse with dark energy
I discuss the work of Maor and Lahav [1], in which the inclusion of dark
energy into the spherical collapse formalism is reviewed. Adopting a
phenomenological approach, I consider the consequences of - a) allowing the
dark energy to cluster, and, b) including the dark energy in the virialization
process. Both of these issues affect the final state of the system in a
fundamental way. The results suggest a potentially differentiating signature
between a true cosmological constant and a dynamic form of dark energy. This
signature is unique in the sense that it does not depend on a measurement of
the value of the equation of state of dark energy.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the ``Peyresq Physics 10" Workshop,
19 - 24 June 2005, Peyresq, Franc
Circumstellar interaction in supernovae in dense environments - an observational perspective
In a supernova explosion, the ejecta interacting with the surrounding
circumstellar medium (CSM) give rise to variety of radiation. Since CSM is
created from the mass lost from the progenitor star, it carries footprints of
the late time evolution of the star. This is one of the unique ways to get a
handle on the nature of the progenitor star system. Here, I will focus mainly
on the supernovae (SNe) exploding in dense environments, a.k.a. Type IIn SNe.
Radio and X-ray emission from this class of SNe have revealed important
modifications in their radiation properties, due to the presence of high
density CSM. Forward shock dominance of the X-ray emission, internal free-free
absorption of the radio emission, episodic or non-steady mass loss rate,
asymmetry in the explosion seem to be common properties of this class of SNe.Comment: Fixed minor typos. 31 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in
Space Science Reviews. Chapter in International Space Science Institute
(ISSI) Book on "Supernovae" to be published in Space Science Reviews by
Springe
Purely perturbative Boltzmann equation for hot non-Abelian gauge theories
In the perturbation theory, trasnport phenomena in hot non-Abelian gauge
theories like QCD are often plagued with infrared singularities or
nonperturbative effects. We show, in the context of the Kadanoff & Baym
formalism, that there are certain nonequilibrium processes which are free from
such difficulties. For these processes, due to an interplay between the
macroscopic and microscopic physics, characteristic time scale (the mesoscale)
naturally enters as an infrared cutoff and purely perturbative description by
the Boltzmann equation is valid.Comment: 4 pages, revtex, to appear in Physical Review
Development of a model-based clinical sepsis biomarker for critically ill patients
Invited.
online 15 May 2010.Sepsis occurs frequently in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is a leading cause of admission,
mortality, and cost. Treatment guidelines recommend early intervention, however positive
blood culture results may take up to 48 h. Insulin sensitivity (SI) is known to decrease
with worsening condition and could thus be used to aid diagnosis. Some glycemic control
protocols are able to accurately identify insulin sensitivity in real-time.
Hourly model-based insulin sensitivity SI values were calculated from glycemic control
data of 36 patients with sepsis. The hourly SI is compared to the hourly sepsis score (ss)
for these patients (ss = 0â4 for increasing severity). A multivariate clinical biomarker was
also developed to maximize the discrimination between different ss groups. Receiver operator
characteristic (ROC) curves for severe sepsis (ss=2) are created for both SI and the
multivariate clinical biomarker.
Insulin sensitivity as a sepsis biomarker for diagnosis of severe sepsis achieves a 50%
sensitivity, 76% specificity, 4.8% positive predictive value (PPV), and 98.3% negative predictive
value (NPV) at an SI cut-off value of 0.00013 L/mU/min. Multivariate clinical biomarker
combining SI, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and their respective
hourly rates of change achieves 73% sensitivity, 80% specificity, 8.4% PPV, and 99.2% NPV.
Thus, themultivariate clinical biomarker provides an effective real-time negative predictive
diagnostic for severe sepsis. Examination of both inter- and intra-patient statistical distribution
of this biomarker and sepsis score shows potential avenues to improve the positive
predictive value
Quinstant Dark Energy Predictions for Structure Formation
We explore the predictions of a class of dark energy models, quinstant dark
energy, concerning the structure formation in the Universe, both in the linear
and non-linear regimes. Quinstant dark energy is considered to be formed by
quintessence and a negative cosmological constant. We conclude that these
models give good predictions for structure formation in the linear regime, but
fail to do so in the non-linear one, for redshifts larger than one.Comment: 9 pages, 14 figures, "Accepted for publication in Astrophysics &
Space Science
A study on simulation analysis for laser-welded I-core sandwich plate with different material properties and T-joint weld characteristic
Stiffness and strength of sandwich plate vary depending on similar (SI) or dissimilar (DSI) material element (faceplate or core) and laser weld geometry. The issues of I-core sandwich plate characteristics are essential to attain practical sandwich plate application. Hence, research on different material properties and T-joint weld characteristics of I-core sandwich steel plate presents a positive understanding of various character factors that affect sandwich plate bending performance. In this paper, the I-core sandwich steel plate characteristic was investigated using finite element analysis (FEA). The 3-point bending with a fine meshing, interaction of elements, and load applied was kept constant. The partition size at the laser weld geometry is smaller, and the partition size continuously grows when further away from the weld geometry. The result shows that a combination of weak and strong material on either element will reduce I-core sandwich's stiffness and strength unless strong material is assigned at the faceplate and core. Moreover, there is a significant change when rootgap is present. This influencing the centric and eccentric of the weld. The weld width produces a perfect bending as wholesome T-joint, yet to achieve such traits is impossible in reality but possible when the weld length is closer to the length of the core. The exploration of these characteristics in response to I-core sandwich steel plate holds a good response in engaging for the multiple variables that affect the plate's stiffness and strength
Effective action and density functional theory
The effective action for the charge density and the photon field is proposed
as a generalization of the density functional. A simple definition is given for
the density functional, as the functional Legendre transform of the generator
functional of connected Green functions for the density and the photon field,
offering systematic approximation schemes. The leading order of the
perturbation expansion reproduces the Hartree-Fock equation. A renormalization
group motivated method is introduced to turn on the Coulomb interaction
gradually and to find corrections to the Hartree-Fock and the Kohn-Sham
schemes.Comment: New references and a numerical algorithm added, to appear in Phys.
Rev. B. 30 pages, no figure
Study of and from and Decays
We use the decay modes and to
study the scalar mesons and within perturbative QCD
framework. For , we perform our calculation in two
scenarios of the scalar meson spectrum. The results indicate that scenario II
is more favored by experimental data than scenario I. The important
contribution from annihilation diagrams can enhance the branching ratios about
50% in scenario I, and about 30% in scenario II. The predicted branching ratio
of in scenario I is also less favored by the experiments.
The direct CP asymmetries in are small, which are
consistent with the present experiments.Comment: More references are added. Published Versio
Superlattice Growth via MBE and Greenâs Function Techniques
A model has been developed to simulate the growth of arrays consisting of a substrate on which alternating layers of quantum dots (QDs) and spacer layers are epitaxially grown. The substrate and spacer layers are modeled as an anisotropic elastic half-space, and the QDs are modeled as point inclusions buried within the half-space. In this model, the strain at the free surface of this half-space due to the buried point QDs is calculated, and a scalar measure of the strain at the surface is subsequently determined. New point QDs are placed on the surface where the previously calculated scalar strain measure is a minimum. Following available DFT results, this scalar strain measure is a weighted average of the in-plane strains. This model is constructed under the assumption that diffusional anisotropy can be neglected, and thus, the results are more in agreement with results from experiments of growth of SiGe QDs than experiments involving QDs of (In,Ga)As
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