949 research outputs found
Research in advanced formal theorem-proving techniques
The results are summarised of a project aimed at the design and implementation of computer languages to aid in expressing problem solving procedures in several areas of artificial intelligence including automatic programming, theorem proving, and robot planning. The principal results of the project were the design and implementation of two complete systems, QA4 and QLISP, and their preliminary experimental use. The various applications of both QA4 and QLISP are given
Cumulative Contribution of Child Maltreatment to Emotional Experience and Regulatory Intent in Intimate Adult Interactions
Research and theory suggest that child maltreatment is linked to experiencing heightened levels of negative emotion, greater need to control these emotions, and difficulty in interpersonal relationships as adults. This study examined links between experiencing multiple types of child maltreatment and intentions to control emotion during charged discussions with intimate partners in adulthood, and whether the link is mediated by hostile and sad-anxious emotions. Ninety-seven couples were recruited from the community, with an oversampling of adults with histories of child maltreatment. In addition to reporting on maltreatment history, couples used video recall to rate their level of negative emotions and intention to control emotion during discussions of relationship difficulties with partners. For both genders, number of types of child maltreatment reported was linked with effort to control emotion, and the relationship was partially mediated by the intensity of participantsâ feelings of hostility. For men, the link was also partially mediated by self-reported sadness and anxiety. Findings underscore the importance in treatment of attending to abuse survivorsâ experiences of and attempts to manage intense emotions, particularly in couplesâ therapy
Cumulative Contribution of Child Maltreatment to Emotional Experience and Regulatory Intent in Intimate Adult Interactions
Research and theory suggest that child maltreatment is linked to experiencing heightened levels of negative emotion, greater need to control these emotions, and difficulty in interpersonal relationships as adults. This study examined links between experiencing multiple types of child maltreatment and intentions to control emotion during charged discussions with intimate partners in adulthood, and whether the link is mediated by hostile and sad-anxious emotions. Ninety-seven couples were recruited from the community, with an oversampling of adults with histories of child maltreatment. In addition to reporting on maltreatment history, couples used video recall to rate their level of negative emotions and intention to control emotion during discussions of relationship difficulties with partners. For both genders, number of types of child maltreatment reported was linked with effort to control emotion, and the relationship was partially mediated by the intensity of participantsâ feelings of hostility. For men, the link was also partially mediated by self-reported sadness and anxiety. Findings underscore the importance in treatment of attending to abuse survivorsâ experiences of and attempts to manage intense emotions, particularly in couplesâ therapy
Two to tango: A dyadic analysis of links between borderline personality traits and intimate partner violence
Although research has shown links between borderline personality and intimate partner violence (IPV), few studies have examined how each partnerâs personality traits may influence the otherâs behavior(Hines, 2008). This study incorporated dimensional assessments of borderline personality organization (BPO) in both partners into a dyadic model that examined associations with IPV. In a community sample of 109 couples, Actor-Partner Interdependence Modeling was used to examine links between BPO traits in each partner and victimization and perpetration of IPV. Menâs level of BPO traits was associated with more IPV towards and more victimization by their partners. Womenâs level of BPO traits was associated with their victimization only. This study is unique in examining links between BPO and IPV in couples using analyses that account for the interdependence of these variables in dyads
Empathic accuracy and aggression in couples: Individual and dyadic links
This study examined links between intimate partner aggression and empathic accuracy â how accurately partners can read one anotherâs emotions â during highly affective moments from couplesâ (N = 109) video recall of laboratory-based discussions of upsetting events. Less empathic accuracy between partners was generally related to higher levels of aggression by both partners. More specific patterns emerged based on the type of aggression and emotion being expressed. Womenâs poorer ability to read their partnersâ vulnerable and positive emotions was linked to both menâs and womenâs greater physical and psychological aggression. Moreover, womenâs inaccuracy in reading their partnerâs hostility was linked to womenâs greater psychological aggression towards the men. Menâs inaccuracy in reading their partnerâs hostility was linked to womenâs (not menâs) greater physical and psychological aggression. Findings suggest important nuances in the links between empathic inaccuracy and aggression, and implications for prevention and treatment of partner aggression are discussed
Global unions: chasing the dream or building the reality?
This article takes as its theme the global restructuring of capital and its impact on worker organization. It argues for a reassertion of class in any analysis of global solidarity, and assesses the opportunities and barriers to effective global unionization. Rooted in the UK experience, the article analyzes the impact of the European social dimension on trade unions, before taking the discussion into a global dimension. It concludes by suggesting that there are reasons for cautious optimism in terms of solidarity building, despite difficult historical legacies and the common replacement of action with rhetoric
Simulation Models of Ethnocentrism and Diversity: An Introduction to the Special Issue
© The Author(s) 2019. The theme and key ideas behind the special issue are discussed, in particular the terms: âethnocentrismâ and âdiversity.â It picks out three very influential simulation models in this area, pointing out that these are at the abstract end of the simulation spectrum, thus not strongly related to any data and overinterpreted by many subsequent readers. It also briefly discusses four themes that emerged in an associated workshop. Finally, the four papers in the special issue are outlined, and this concludes with a plea for research which (a) makes greater use of social science data, (b) is more open minded about the assumptions made, and (c) is more cautious as to the interpretation of simulations
A Chinese Model for Labour in Europe?
Based on long-term fieldwork in multiple locations, our article questions the approach that posits a Chinese model of work and employment relations as increasingly exporting its form of labour management and dominating worldwide. It does so by focusing on Europe and discussing two labour regimes considered as typically Chinese: the Chinese fashion workshops in the Italian fashion industry, and the Foxconn electronics plants in the Czech Republic. Our findings bring new insights to bear on issues for which research is still thin on the ground and challenge the hypothesis of a \u2018Chinesisation\u2019 of work and employment practices in Chinese small firms and MNCs operating in Europe. We move the focus away from the simple analysis of firm management prevailing in the literature and suggest that, in order to understand the firm\u2019s behaviours, the role of the state, the unions, the migrant workers and the role of temporary work agencies should all be taken into consideration
Socialization, Adaptation, Transnationalism, and the Reproductive Behavior of Sub-Saharan African Migrants in France
Background: Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) move from a region with high fertility to regions with low fertility. Yet very few studies have examined the reproductive behavior of international migrants from SSA. Objective: This study examines the roles of origin and destination socialization on the fertility and fertility ideals of SSA migrants in France. The study draws on measures of assimilation to systematically examine the effects of socialization and adaptation as well as transnationalism for the effects of sustained origin ties. Methods: Data are from the TEO (âTrajectoires et Originesâ) survey conducted in France (2008/2009). Logistic regression is used to examine current fertility (the odds of having a birth in the preceding five years), and Poisson regression is used to examine cumulative fertility (children ever born) and fertility ideals (reported ideal number of children in a family). Results: Controlling for sociodemographic factors, first-generation SSA migrants have higher fertility than second-generation SSA migrants and non-immigrants. But first and second-generation SSA migrants have higher fertility ideals than non-immigrants. Among SSA migrants, first and second-generation migrants do not differ in fertility and fertility ideals when adaptation is accounted for. Most measures of adaptation are negatively associated with actual fertility and fertility ideals. Transnationalism is associated with higher fertility ideals but less so with actual fertility. Conclusion: The study finds some evidence for origin socialization, but the findings are more strongly supportive of adaptation to the host society. Origin socialization appears to have a stronger influence on fertility ideals than actual fertility
Class Position of Immigrant Workers in a Post-Industrial Economy: The Dutch Case
In this paper, the issue of changing labour-market opportunities and the position of members
of minority groups in advanced service economies is addressed, focusing on the Dutch case.
We distinguish between two social hierarchies, one of traditional âfordistâ occupations and
one of post-fordist occupations. Compared to the native Dutch, all immigrant groups are
over-represented at the bottom of the labour market, both in the fordist and in the postindustrial
hierarchy. Increased immigrant labour-market participation in the 1990s was
accompanied by a strong rise in the number of flexible labour contracts. Native Dutch also
work more frequently on flexible labour contracts, but not to the same extent as immigrants.
The lower occupational level of the Surinamese, Antilleans and other non-Western
immigrants employed in post-industrial occupations can be attributed to their low
educational level. This is not true, however, for Turks, Moroccans and other non-Western
immigrants employed in fordist occupations. Their low occupational level can not be
completely explained by their low educational level. The effects of changes in the economic
structure differ for ethnic groups, depending on their past employment, their cultural capital
and the institutional framework in which they have to operate
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