Pengaruh Pembelajaran Daring Berbasis Discovery Learnig Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa

Penelitian ini bertujuan 1), untuk mengetahui deskripsi pembelajaran daring  berbasis Discovery Learning 2), untuk mengetahui deskripsi kemampuan berpikir kritis 3),untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh pembelajaran daring berbasis Discovery Learning terhadap berpikir kritis dan siswa pada materi sistem pernapasan manusia kelas VIII D MTs Negeri 02 Konsel. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pre-eksperimen yang dilakukan di MTs Negeri 02 Konsel. Metode yang digunakan berupa tes esay dan angket. Hasil respon siswa terhadap model discovery learning diperoleh 93,03%. Untuk kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa diperoleh nilai rata-rata N-Gain score pada nilai pre-tes dan post-tes sebesar 0,56 pada interval 0,3≤ g ≤0,7. Hasil uji Paired Sampel t-tes menunjukan nilai sig. 0,000 < 0,05 maka (H0) di tolak dan (H1) di terima

THE MOVES AND STEPS IN THE LITERATURE REVIEW AND DISCUSSION SECTIONS IN THE FOUR MASTER’S DEGREE THESES

The purpose of this research was to identify moves and steps in the Literature Review and Findings / Discussion chapter of four Master’s Degree theses namely JA, LY, ML, and MM. In analyzing the moves and steps in the Literature Review (LR) and Discussion in this research, the researchers used two kinds of framework namely Kwan (2006) framework and Yang Allison (2003) framework. Kwan framework was used to analyze the moves and steps in the Literature Review, while Yang Alison’s framework was used to analyze moves and steps in the Discussion chapter. It was found that the most frequently used in the LR was Move 1 (Establishing one of the territory of one’s own research), Strategy A (surveying the non-research-related phenomena or knowledge claims) included definition or explanations of terminology, constructs and theories. The authors of four Master Degree’s theses used Move 1 to present the theories and definition of terms. Then, in the Findings/Discussions, the most frequently used is Move 2 (Reporting Result). The authors used Move 2 in presenting the results of their study (research)

The Effect of Online Learning Assisted by Google Classroom and Zoom Meetings on Students' Creative Thinking Ability

The face-to-face learning process in the classroom is still found to be teacher-centered so that students are not actively involved and the impact on students' creative thinking skills is low. Meanwhile, during the COVID-19 pandemic, learning is carried out online. For this reason, it is necessary to maximize online learning in order to improve students' creative thinking ability. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of online learning assisted by google classroom and zoom meeting on students' creative thinking skills. This type of research is a quasi-experimental research. The research design used a pretest-posttest control group design. The results of the study show that: 1) The score of students' creative thinking ability in the experimental class with an average pretest value of 37.3 increased to 81.5 while the control class obtained an average pretest score of 33.8 increased to 72.3 which means the ability to think the creativity of the experimental class students in the natural science learning of ecosystem materials experienced a significant increase compared to the control class; 2) The results of the N-Gain Score test obtained an average value of the experimental class of 71.7 or 71.7%, which means that the use of interactive video integrated google classroom is quite effective in online learning. While the average value of the control class is 58.6 or 58.6%, which means that the use of zoom meetings is less effective in online learning. Thus, it is concluded that online learning assisted by Google Classroom integrated with interactive video has a greater effect than the zoom meeting on the creative thinking ability of the fifth grade stude

RNA-Seq reveals changes in human placental metabolism, transport and endocrinology across the first-second trimester transition.

The human placenta is exposed to major environmental changes towards the end of the first trimester associated with full onset of the maternal arterial placental circulation. Changes include a switch from histotrophic to hemotrophic nutrition, and a threefold rise in the intraplacental oxygen concentration. We evaluated their impact on trophoblast development and function using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and DNA-methylation analyses performed on the same chorionic villous samples at 7-8 (n=8) and 13-14 (n=6) weeks of gestation. Reads were adjusted for fetal sex. Most DEGs were associated with protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hormone secretion, transport, extracellular matrix, vasculogenesis, and reactive oxygen species metabolism. Transcripts higher in the first trimester were associated with synthesis and ER processing of peptide hormones, and glycolytic pathways. Transcripts encoding proteins mediating transport of oxygen, lipids, protein, glucose, and ions were significantly increased in the second trimester. The motifs of CBX3 and BCL6 were significantly overrepresented, indicating the involvement of these transcription factor networks in the regulation of trophoblast migration, proliferation and fusion. These findings are consistent with a high level of cell proliferation and hormone secretion by the early placenta to secure implantation in a physiological low-oxygen environment

RNA-Seq reveals changes in human placental metabolism, transport and endocrinology across the first-second trimester transition.

The human placenta is exposed to major environmental changes towards the end of the first trimester associated with full onset of the maternal arterial placental circulation. Changes include a switch from histotrophic to hemotrophic nutrition, and a threefold rise in the intraplacental oxygen concentration. We evaluated their impact on trophoblast development and function using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and DNA-methylation analyses performed on the same chorionic villous samples at 7-8 (n=8) and 13-14 (n=6) weeks of gestation. Reads were adjusted for fetal sex. Most DEGs were associated with protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hormone secretion, transport, extracellular matrix, vasculogenesis, and reactive oxygen species metabolism. Transcripts higher in the first trimester were associated with synthesis and ER processing of peptide hormones, and glycolytic pathways. Transcripts encoding proteins mediating transport of oxygen, lipids, protein, glucose, and ions were significantly increased in the second trimester. The motifs of CBX3 and BCL6 were significantly overrepresented, indicating the involvement of these transcription factor networks in the regulation of trophoblast migration, proliferation and fusion. These findings are consistent with a high level of cell proliferation and hormone secretion by the early placenta to secure implantation in a physiological low-oxygen environment

RNA-Seq reveals changes in human placental metabolism, transport and endocrinology across the first-second trimester transition.

The human placenta is exposed to major environmental changes towards the end of the first trimester associated with full onset of the maternal arterial placental circulation. Changes include a switch from histotrophic to hemotrophic nutrition, and a threefold rise in the intraplacental oxygen concentration. We evaluated their impact on trophoblast development and function using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and DNA-methylation analyses performed on the same chorionic villous samples at 7-8 (n=8) and 13-14 (n=6) weeks of gestation. Reads were adjusted for fetal sex. Most DEGs were associated with protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hormone secretion, transport, extracellular matrix, vasculogenesis, and reactive oxygen species metabolism. Transcripts higher in the first trimester were associated with synthesis and ER processing of peptide hormones, and glycolytic pathways. Transcripts encoding proteins mediating transport of oxygen, lipids, protein, glucose, and ions were significantly increased in the second trimester. The motifs of CBX3 and BCL6 were significantly overrepresented, indicating the involvement of these transcription factor networks in the regulation of trophoblast migration, proliferation and fusion. These findings are consistent with a high level of cell proliferation and hormone secretion by the early placenta to secure implantation in a physiological low-oxygen environment

Genetic inhibition of neurotransmission reveals role of glutamatergic input to dopamine neurons in high-effort behavior

Midbrain dopamine neurons are crucial for many behavioral and cognitive functions. As the major excitatory input, glutamatergic afferents are important for control of the activity and plasticity of dopamine neurons. However, the role of glutamatergic input as a whole onto dopamine neurons remains unclear. Here we developed a mouse line in which glutamatergic inputs onto dopamine neurons are specifically impaired, and utilized this genetic model to directly test the role of glutamatergic inputs in dopamine-related functions. We found that while motor coordination and reward learning were largely unchanged, these animals showed prominent deficits in effort-related behavioral tasks. These results provide genetic evidence that glutamatergic transmission onto dopaminergic neurons underlies incentive motivation, a willingness to exert high levels of effort to obtain reinforcers, and have important implications for understanding the normal function of the midbrain dopamine system.Fil: Hutchison, M. A.. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Gu, X.. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Adrover, Martín Federico. National Institutes of Health; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Lee, M. R.. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Hnasko, T. S.. University of California at San Diego; Estados UnidosFil: Alvarez, V. A.. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Lu, W.. National Institutes of Health; Estados Unido

I–II Loop Structural Determinants in the Gating and Surface Expression of Low Voltage-Activated Calcium Channels

The intracellular loops that interlink the four transmembrane domains of Ca2+- and Na+-channels (Cav, Nav) have critical roles in numerous forms of channel regulation. In particular, the intracellular loop that joins repeats I and II (I–II loop) in high voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ channels possesses the binding site for Cavβ subunits and plays significant roles in channel function, including trafficking the α1 subunits of HVA channels to the plasma membrane and channel gating. Although there is considerable divergence in the primary sequence of the I–II loop of Cav1/Cav2 HVA channels and Cav3 LVA/T-type channels, evidence for a regulatory role of the I–II loop in T-channel function has recently emerged for Cav3.2 channels. In order to provide a comprehensive view of the role this intracellular region may play in the gating and surface expression in Cav3 channels, we have performed a structure-function analysis of the I–II loop in Cav3.1 and Cav3.3 channels using selective deletion mutants. Here we show the first 60 amino acids of the loop (post IS6) are involved in Cav3.1 and Cav3.3 channel gating and kinetics, which establishes a conserved property of this locus for all Cav3 channels. In contrast to findings in Cav3.2, deletion of the central region of the I–II loop in Cav3.1 and Cav3.3 yielded a modest increase (+30%) and a reduction (−30%) in current density and surface expression, respectively. These experiments enrich our understanding of the structural determinants involved in Cav3 function by highlighting the unique role played by the intracellular I–II loop in Cav3.2 channel trafficking, and illustrating the prominent role of the gating brake in setting the slow and distinctive slow activation kinetics of Cav3.3

A coarse-to-fine approach to prostate boundary segmentation in ultrasound images

BACKGROUND: In this paper a novel method for prostate segmentation in transrectal ultrasound images is presented. METHODS: A segmentation procedure consisting of four main stages is proposed. In the first stage, a locally adaptive contrast enhancement method is used to generate a well-contrasted image. In the second stage, this enhanced image is thresholded to extract an area containing the prostate (or large portions of it). Morphological operators are then applied to obtain a point inside of this area. Afterwards, a Kalman estimator is employed to distinguish the boundary from irrelevant parts (usually caused by shadow) and generate a coarsely segmented version of the prostate. In the third stage, dilation and erosion operators are applied to extract outer and inner boundaries from the coarsely estimated version. Consequently, fuzzy membership functions describing regional and gray-level information are employed to selectively enhance the contrast within the prostate region. In the last stage, the prostate boundary is extracted using strong edges obtained from selectively enhanced image and information from the vicinity of the coarse estimation. RESULTS: A total average similarity of 98.76%(± 0.68) with gold standards was achieved. CONCLUSION: The proposed approach represents a robust and accurate approach to prostate segmentation