494 research outputs found
Slicing Sets and Measures, and the Dimension of Exceptional Parameters
We consider the problem of slicing a compact metric space \Omega with sets of
the form \pi_{\lambda}^{-1}\{t\}, where the mappings \pi_{\lambda} \colon
\Omega \to \R, \lambda \in \R, are \emph{generalized projections}, introduced
by Yuval Peres and Wilhelm Schlag in 2000. The basic question is: assuming that
\Omega has Hausdorff dimension strictly greater than one, what is the dimension
of the 'typical' slice \pi_{\lambda}^{-1}{t}, as the parameters \lambda and t
vary. In the special case of the mappings \pi_{\lambda} being orthogonal
projections restricted to a compact set \Omega \subset \R^{2}, the problem
dates back to a 1954 paper by Marstrand: he proved that for almost every
\lambda there exist positively many such that \dim
\pi_{\lambda}^{-1}{t} = \dim \Omega - 1. For generalized projections, the same
result was obtained 50 years later by J\"arvenp\"a\"a, J\"arvenp\"a\"a and
Niemel\"a. In this paper, we improve the previously existing estimates by
replacing the phrase 'almost all \lambda' with a sharp bound for the dimension
of the exceptional parameters.Comment: 31 pages, three figures; several typos corrected and large parts of
the third section rewritten in v3; to appear in J. Geom. Ana
Spin-Orbit Effects in the Excitation of Proton and Neutron States in the (p,p') Reaction at 160 MeV, 120 MeV, and 95 MeV
Supported by the National Science Foundation and Indiana Universit
Pre-main-sequence population in NGC 1893 region
In this paper we continued our efforts to understand the star formation
scenario in and around the young cluster NGC 1893. We used a sample of the
young stellar sources (YSOs) identified on the basis of multiwavelength data
(optical, near-infrared (NIR), mid-infrared (MIR) and X-ray) to study the
nature of YSOs associated with the region. The identified YSOs show an age
spread of ~ 5 Myr. The YSOs located near the nebulae at the periphery of the
cluster are relatively younger in comparison to those located within the
cluster region. The present results are in accordance with those obtained by us
in previous studies. Other main results from the present study are: 1) the
fraction of disk bearing stars increases towards the periphery of the cluster;
2) there is an evidence supporting the notion that the mechanisms for disk
dispersal operate less efficiently for low-mass stars; 3) the sample of Class
II sources is found to be relatively older in comparison to that of Class III
sources. A comparison of various properties of YSOs in the NGC 1893 region with
those in the Tr 37/ IC 1396 region is also discussed.Comment: Accepted for publication in New Astronom
Tunable variation of optical properties of polymer capped gold nanoparticles
Optical properties of polymer capped gold nanoparticles of various sizes
(diameter 3-6 nm) have been studied. We present a new scheme to extract size
dependent variation of total dielectric function of gold nanoparticles from
measured UV-Vis absorption data. The new scheme can also be used, in principle,
for other related systems as well. We show how quantum effect, surface atomic
co - ordination and polymer - nanoparticle interface morphology leads to a
systematic variation in inter band part of the dielectric function of gold
nanoparticles, obtained from the analysis using our new scheme. Careful
analysis enables identification of the possible changes to the electronic band
structure in such nanoparticles.Comment: 13 pages,7 figures, 1 tabl
Coupled influences of particle shape, surface property and flow hydrodynamics on rod-shaped colloid transport in porous media
Hypothesis: Natural or engineered colloidal particles are often non-spherical in shape. In contrast to the widely-used “homogeneous sphere” assumption, the non-spherical particle shape is expected to alter particle–fluid-surface interactions, which in turn affect particle transport and retention. Experiments and Simulations: Polystyrene microspheres were stretched to rod-shaped particles of two aspect ratios (2:1, 6:1). The transport and retention behaviors of rods versus spheres were investigated in packed quartz sand columns and impinging jet systems. In parallel, a 3D trajectory model was employed to simulate particle translation and rotation, and to elucidate the role and underlying mechanisms of particle shape impact on transport. Findings: Rods were observed to undergo rotating and tumbling motions in response to fluid shear from experiments and simulations. However, no distinct retention trends between rods and spheres were observed from column studies, despite BSA-coating on particles, Fe-coating on sand or velocity change. This was primarily due to the super-hydrophobic nature of colloid surfaces acquired from stretching process, which in hydrophilic sand columns, dominated particle–surface charge interactions. Simulations using colloids with randomly distributed charge patches qualitatively produced the observed insensitivity in retention respecting aspect ratio under low charge coverage (<30%). Hence, particle shape influences were strongly coupled with colloid surface properties and flow hydrodynamics
Giant magnetothermopower of magnon-assisted transport in ferromagnetic tunnel junctions
We present a theoretical description of the thermopower due to
magnon-assisted tunneling in a mesoscopic tunnel junction between two
ferromagnetic metals. The thermopower is generated in the course of thermal
equilibration between two baths of magnons, mediated by electrons. For a
junction between two ferromagnets with antiparallel polarizations, the ability
of magnon-assisted tunneling to create thermopower depends on the
difference between the size of the majority and
minority band Fermi surfaces and it is proportional to a temperature dependent
factor where is the magnon Debye
energy. The latter factor reflects the fractional change in the net
magnetization of the reservoirs due to thermal magnons at temperature
(Bloch's law). In contrast, the contribution of magnon-assisted
tunneling to the thermopower of a junction with parallel polarizations is
negligible. As the relative polarizations of ferromagnetic layers can be
manipulated by an external magnetic field, a large difference results in a magnetothermopower effect. This
magnetothermopower effect becomes giant in the extreme case of a junction
between two half-metallic ferromagnets, .Comment: 9 pages, 4 eps figure
New Results for the Correlation Functions of the Ising Model and the Transverse Ising Chain
In this paper we show how an infinite system of coupled Toda-type nonlinear
differential equations derived by one of us can be used efficiently to
calculate the time-dependent pair-correlations in the Ising chain in a
transverse field. The results are seen to match extremely well long large-time
asymptotic expansions newly derived here. For our initial conditions we use new
long asymptotic expansions for the equal-time pair correlation functions of the
transverse Ising chain, extending an old result of T.T. Wu for the 2d Ising
model. Using this one can also study the equal-time wavevector-dependent
correlation function of the quantum chain, a.k.a. the q-dependent diagonal
susceptibility in the 2d Ising model, in great detail with very little
computational effort.Comment: LaTeX 2e, 31 pages, 8 figures (16 eps files). vs2: Two references
added and minor changes of style. vs3: Corrections made and reference adde
Testing "microscopic" theories of glass-forming liquids
We assess the validity of "microscopic" approaches of glass-forming liquids
based on the sole k nowledge of the static pair density correlations. To do so
we apply them to a benchmark provided by two liquid models that share very
similar static pair density correlation functions while disp laying distinct
temperature evolutions of their relaxation times. We find that the approaches
are unsuccessful in describing the difference in the dynamical behavior of the
two models. Our study is not exhausti ve, and we have not tested the effect of
adding corrections by including for instance three-body density correlations.
Yet, our results appear strong enough to challenge the claim that the slowd own
of relaxation in glass-forming liquids, for which it is well established that
the changes of the static structure factor with temperature are small, can be
explained by "microscopic" appr oaches only requiring the static pair density
correlations as nontrivial input.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figs; Accepted to EPJE Special Issue on The Physics of
Glasses. Arxiv version contains an addendum to the appendix which does not
appear in published versio
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