Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Nomor 3 Tahun 2013 Tentang Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (Ktr) Pada Kawasan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang

The Government of Semarang City formed in beginning formed a Mayor Regulation Number 12 Year 2009 about No Smoking Area and restriced smoking area to overcome problem from the negative impact of cigaret, but that regulation is not proceed effective. At Last, goverment of Semarang City issued Local Regulation Number 3 Year 2013 about No Smoking Area (KTR). Based on finding from resercher, is known that the implementation of Local Regulation in Departement of Semarang City is not optimal and still found foul. The purpose of this research is to descripe the implementation of Local Regulation Number 3 Year 2013 about No Smoking Area, and to find out supporting and resistor factor in the implementation. This research is using descriptive qualitative with kualitative approach. Technique of collecting data that used are observation, interview, and documentation study. Based on the research, it can conclude that implementation of No Smoking Area in Departement oh Health of Semarang City has not been implemented optimally, so then, the government has to increase implementation at several point. Supporter factor of KTR implementation in Departement of Health Semarang City are communitacatin and authorizing signature, and Resistor factor are sources and birocration structure, so then need maximing supporter factor and minimizing resistor factor

Regional validation of retracked sea levels from SARAL/Altika over the South China sea and adjacent seas

This paper focuses on assessing the quality of sea level anomaly (SLA) data from the new generation of Ka-band SARAL/AltiKa satellite altimetry over the continental shelf of the South China Sea. The region consists of peninsulas, shallow seas, and small islands that produce complicated altimetric waveform patterns. The improved-accuracy of SLAs data from the MLE4, Ice1 and Ice2 retrackers which are provided in the AVISO-Sensor Geophysical Data Records (SGDR) were optimized in this study. The quality of retracked SLAs is assessed by making comparison with tide gauge data from six stations. In general, the percentage of data availability of Ice-1 retracker is superior ( > 68%) to those of MLE- 4 and Ice-2 retrackers. The improvement of percentage (IMP) also shows that Ice-1 retracker improves the standard deviation > 12% better than those of Ice-2 retracker. Over complex areas of Lubang and Ko Taphao Noi, the temporal correlation of Ice-1 retracker is superior (r > 0.80) to those of MLE4 and Ice-2 retrackers (r 5.8) and lower RMS error ( < 34 cm) than those of Ice-1 retracker. It can be concluded that the Ice-1 and Ice-2 retrackers were superior for the coastal region of Maritime Continent

Asymptotic laws for tagged-particle motion in glassy systems

Within the mode-coupling theory for structural relaxation in simple systems the asymptotic laws and their leading-asymptotic correction formulas are derived for the motion of a tagged particle near a glass-transition singularity. These analytic results are compared with numerical ones of the equations of motion evaluated for a tagged hard sphere moving in a hard-sphere system. It is found that the long-time part of the two-step relaxation process for the mean-squared displacement can be characterized by the $\alpha$-relaxation-scaling law and von Schweidler's power-law decay while the critical-decay regime is dominated by the corrections to the leading power-law behavior. For parameters of interest for the interpretations of experimental data, the corrections to the leading asymptotic laws for the non-Gaussian parameter are found to be so large that the leading asymptotic results are altered qualitatively by the corrections. Results for the non-Gaussian parameter are shown to follow qualitatively the findings reported in the molecular-dynamics-simulations work by Kob and Andersen [Phys. Rev. E 51, 4626 (1995)]

Damage identification in a concrete beam using curvature difference ratio

Previous studies utilising changes in mode shape or curvature to locate damage rely on the fact that the greatest change occurs around the defect. However, in concrete beams this fact is undermined due to the nature of the defect as distributed multi-site cracks. In addition, differences in mode shape and curvature as ways to locate the damage is unstable because of occurrence of modal nodes and inflection points. In this paper, one interesting solution to this problem is being tested by establishing a new non-dimensional expression designated the 'Curvature Difference Ratio (CDR)'. This parameter exploits the ratio of differences in curvature of a specific mode shape for a damaged stage and another reference stage. The expression CDR is reasonably used to locate the damage and estimate the dynamic bending stiffness in a successively loaded 6m concrete beam. Results obtained by the proposed technique are tested and validated with a case study results done by Ren and De Roeck [1] also by Maeck and De Roeck [2]. Another contribution of this work is that relating changes in vibration properties to the design bending moment at beam sections as defined in Eurocode 2 specifications [3]. Linking between a beam section condition and the change in vibration data will help to give a better comprehension on the beam condition than the applied load

Comparative study of herbal plants on the phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activities and toxicity on cells and zebrafish embryo

Natural antioxidants derived from plants have shown a tremendous inhibitory effect on free radicals in actively metabolizing cells. Overproduction of free radicals increases the risk factor of chronic diseases associated with diabetes, cancer, arthritis and cardiovascular disease. Andrographis paniculata, Cinnamon zeylanicum, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Eugenia polyantha and Orthosiphon stamineus are ethnomedicinal plants used in the Asian region to treat various illnesses from a common fever to metabolic disease. In this study, we have quantified the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) in these plants and its inhibitory effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals as well as the cytotoxicity effect on cell lines proliferation and zebrafish embryogenesis. Results showed that Cinnamon zeylanicum and E. polyantha have the highest phenolic and flavonoid content. Furthermore, both herbs significantly inhibited the formation of DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Meanwhile, O. stamineus exhibited minimum cytotoxicity and embryotoxicity on tested models. Good correlation between IC50 of 3T3-L1 cells and LC50 embyrotoxicity was also found. This study revealed the potent activity of antioxidant against free radical and the toxicology levels of the tested herbal plants

Effect of dipolar interactions on the magnetization of a cubic array of nanomagnets

We investigated the effect of intermolecular dipolar interactions on a cubic 3D ensemble of 5X5X4=100 nanomagnets, each with spin $S = 5$. We employed the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation to solve for the magnetization $M(B)$ curves for several values of the damping constant $\alpha$, the induction sweep rate, the lattice constant $a$, the temperature $T$, and the magnetic anisotropy field $H_A$. We find that the smaller the $\alpha$, the stronger the maximum induction required to produce hysteresis. The shape of the hysteresis loops also depends on the damping constant. We find further that the system magnetizes and demagnetizes at decreasing magnetic field strengths with decreasing sweep rates, resulting in smaller hysteresis loops. Variations of $a$ within realistic values (1.5 nm - 2.5 nm) show that the dipolar interaction plays an important role in the magnetic hysteresis by controlling the relaxation process. The $T$ dependencies of $\alpha$ and of $M$ are presented and discussed with regard to recent experimental data on nanomagnets. $H_A$ enhances the size of the hysteresis loops for external fields parallel to the anisotropy axis, but decreases it for perpendicular external fields. Finally, we reproduce and test an $M(B)$ curve for a 2D-system [M. Kayali and W. Saslow, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 70}, 174404 (2004)]. We show that its hysteretic behavior is only weakly dependent on the shape anisotropy field and the sweep rate, but depends sensitively upon the dipolar interactions. Although in 3D systems, dipole-dipole interactions generally diminish the hysteresis, in 2D systems, they strongly enhance it. For both square 2D and rectangular 3D lattices with ${\bm B}||(\hat{\bm x}+\hat{\bm y})$, dipole-dipole interactions can cause large jumps in the magnetization.Comment: 15 pages 14 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Thermal and breakdown properties of polypropylene homopolymer, copolymer, and blend

Polypropylene has been widely used in high voltage insulation. This material has recently been regarded as to potentially compensate conventional limitations of XLPE such as being difficult to recycle and having significant space charge accumulation and poor thermal conductivity. Currently, there are various types of polypropylene produced in the market. Therefore, this research attempts to investigate the breakdown performance of several types of polypropylene, namely, polypropylene homopolymer, polypropylene impact copolymer, and the combination of both in 50:50 ratio. The thermal behaviors of the samples were characterized using scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal characterization demonstrates that all types of polypropylene have a similar melting temperature of about 162 °C. Besides that, the breakdown test reveals that polypropylene homopolymer has the highest DC breakdown of 278 kV/mm. Meanwhile, polypropylene impact copolymer has the lowest breakdown strength of 109 kV/mm and 239 kV/mm under the applied AC and DC fields, respectively

Test of mode coupling theory for a supercooled liquid of diatomic molecules.I. Translational degrees of freedom

A molecular dynamics simulation is performed for a supercooled liquid of rigid diatomic molecules. The time-dependent self and collective density correlators of the molecular centers of mass are determined and compared with the predictions of the ideal mode coupling theory (MCT) for simple liquids. This is done in real as well as in momentum space. One of the main results is the existence of a unique transition temperature T_c, where the dynamics crosses over from an ergodic to a quasi-nonergodic behavior. The value for T_c agrees with that found earlier for the orientational dynamics within the error bars. In the beta- regime of MCT the factorization of space- and time dependence is satisfactorily fulfilled for both types of correlations. The first scaling law of ideal MCT holds in the von Schweidler regime, only, since the validity of the critical law can not be confirmed, due to a strong interference with the microscopic dynamics. In this first scaling regime a consistent description within ideal MCT emerges only, if the next order correction to the asymptotic law is taken into account. This correction is almost negligible for q=q_max, the position of the main peak in the static structure factor S(q), but becomes important for q=q_min, the position of its first minimum. The second scaling law, i.e. the time-temperature superposition principle, holds reasonably well for the self and collective density correlators and different values for q. The alpha-relaxation times tau_q^(s) and tau_q follow a power law in T-T_c over 2 -- 3 decades. The corresponding exponent gamma is weakly q-dependent and is around 2.55. This value is in agreement with the one predicted by MCT from the value of the von Schweidler exponent but at variance with the corresponding exponent gammaComment: 14 pages of RevTex, 19 figure

Failure Analysis of Flow-induced Vibration Problem of in-serviced Duplex Stainless Steel Piping System in Oil and Gas Industry

Failure of the duplex stainless steel piping system in oil and gas industry can have disastrous effects. In this study, a novel method of failure analysis of flow-induced vibration problem of in-serviced duplex stainless steel piping system is proposed. The proposed non-destructive technique is able to determine a suitable operating condition for continuous operation without failure. The technique relies on the combined operation of operational modal analysis, operating deflection shape analysis and linear elastic finite element analysis. The effect of different operating conditions for two distinct valve opening cases (i.e. fully opened and partially opened) on the dynamic stress is examined, and they are utilised for forecasting purpose in failure analysis. The result shows that maximum operating conditions are 360 and 400 mmscfd for fully opened and partially opened flow control valves, respectively. Beyond this limit, the piping system most likely will fail

Non-destructive, laser-based individual tree aboveground biomass estimation in a tropical rainforest

Recent methods for detailed and accurate biomass and carbon stock estimation of forests have been driven by advances in remote sensing technology. The conventional approach to biomass estimation heavily relies on the tree species and site-specific allometric equations, which are based on destructive methods. This paper introduces a non-destructive, laser-based approach (terrestrial laser scanner) for individual tree aboveground biomass estimation in the Royal Belum forest reserve, Perak, Malaysia. The study area is in the state park, and it is believed to be one of the oldest rainforests in the world. The point clouds generated for 35 forest plots, using the terrestrial laser scanner, were geo-rectified and cleaned to produce separate point clouds for individual trees. The volumes of tree trunks were estimated based on a cylinder model fitted to the point clouds. The biomasses of tree trunks were calculated by multiplying the volume and the species wood density. The biomasses of branches and leaves were also estimated based on the estimated volume and density values. Branch and leaf volumes were estimated based on the fitted point clouds using an alpha-shape approach. The estimated individual biomass and the total above ground biomass were compared with the aboveground biomass (AGB) value estimated using existing allometric equations and individual tree census data collected in the field. The results show that the combination of a simple single-tree stem reconstruction and wood density can be used to estimate stem biomass comparable to the results usually obtained through existing allometric equations. However, there are several issues associated with the data and method used for branch and leaf biomass estimations, which need further improvement