Alien Registration- Madden, P. W. (Old Orchard Beach, York County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/3003/thumbnail.jp

Multi-level study of C3H2: The first interstellar hydrocarbon ring

Cyclic species in the interstellar medium have been searched for almost since the first detection of interstellar polyatomic molecules. Eleven different C3H2 rotational transitions were detected; 9 of which were studied in TMC-1, a nearby dark dust cloud, are shown. The 1 sub 10 yields 1 sub 01 and 2 sub 20 yields 2 sub 11 transitions were observed with the 43 m NRAO telescope, while the remaining transitions were detected with the 14 m antenna of the Five College Radio Observatory (FCRAO). The lines detected in TMC-1 have energies above the ground state ranging from 0.9 to 17.1 K and consist of both ortho and para species. Limited maps were made along the ridge for several of the transitions. The HC3N J = 2 yields 1 transition were mapped simultaneously with the C3H2 1 sub 10 yields 1 sub 01 line and therefore can compare the distribution of this ring with a carbon chain in TMC-1. C3H2 is distributed along a narrow ridge with a SE - NW extension which is slightly more extended than the HC2N J = 2 yields 1. Gaussian fits gives a FWHP extension of 8'5 for C3H2 while HC3N has a FWHP of 7'. The data show variations of the two velocity components along the ridge as a function of transition. Most of the transitions show a peak at the position of strongest HC3N emission while the 2 sub 21 yields 2 sub 10 transition shows a peak at the NH3 position

Sovereign Immunity in Indian Tribal Law

An examination of the tribal courts\u27 civil jurisdiction and sovereign immunity decisions, and a review of the doctrine\u27s origins and purposes in federal and state law reveal the increasing importance of the sovereign immunity doctrine and suggest several options to tribal councils and courts in deciding which aspects of the doctrine to retain. The article concludes that: (1) The doctrine of sovereign immunity is not part of the con-. trolling federal law applicable to Indian tribal courts, except where trust property is involved. (2) Each Indian tribe has inherent sovereign power to adopt, reject, or waive the doctrine of sovereign immunity for suits in tribal courts, except those concerning trust property. In such actions, only Congress may waive sovereign immunity. (3) Where a tribal constitution or ordinance fails to address sovereign immunity, the tribal court must decide whether the doctrine is part of the common law of that tribe and whether and to what extent the doctrine should be limited by exceptions. While sovereign immunity is widely criticized, both the federal and state governments continue to retain certain aspects of the doctrine. Indian tribal governments may find it useful to do the same

Essential reflections versus minimal embeddings

This note addresses the following question. In a category C, with a full subcategory X which is reflective with each reflection morphism an embedding, and a C-object A: when does each X-object containing A contain the X-reflection of A? We prove, under mild hypotheses on C, the equivalence of (1) The reflection morphism for A is an essential embedding, (2) Any \u27minimal\u27 embedding of A in an X-object is the X-reflection of A, (3) \u27Always\u27 is the answer to the question above, (4) The reflection functor C → X carries embeddings of A to embeddings. We note that these conditions hold for every A, for every X, if, in C, every epic embedding is essential, or if C has the Amalgamation Property. Various examples are discussed. © 1985

Sovereign Immunity in Indian Tribal Law

An examination of the tribal courts\u27 civil jurisdiction and sovereign immunity decisions, and a review of the doctrine\u27s origins and purposes in federal and state law reveal the increasing importance of the sovereign immunity doctrine and suggest several options to tribal councils and courts in deciding which aspects of the doctrine to retain. The article concludes that: (1) The doctrine of sovereign immunity is not part of the con-. trolling federal law applicable to Indian tribal courts, except where trust property is involved. (2) Each Indian tribe has inherent sovereign power to adopt, reject, or waive the doctrine of sovereign immunity for suits in tribal courts, except those concerning trust property. In such actions, only Congress may waive sovereign immunity. (3) Where a tribal constitution or ordinance fails to address sovereign immunity, the tribal court must decide whether the doctrine is part of the common law of that tribe and whether and to what extent the doctrine should be limited by exceptions. While sovereign immunity is widely criticized, both the federal and state governments continue to retain certain aspects of the doctrine. Indian tribal governments may find it useful to do the same

Soverign Immunity in Indian Tribal Law

An examination of the tribal courts\u27 civil jurisdiction and sovereign immunity decisions, and a review of the doctrine\u27s origins and purposes in federal and state law reveal the increasing importance of the sovereign immunity doctrine and suggest several options to tribal councils and courts in deciding which aspects of the doctrine to retain. The article concludes that: (1) The doctrine of sovereign immunity is not part of the controlling federal law applicable to Indian tribal courts, except where trust property is involved. (2) Each Indian tribe has inherent sovereign power to adopt, reject, or waive the doctrine of sovereign immunity for suits in tribal courts, except those concerning trust property. In such actions, only Congress may waive sovereign immunity. (3) Where a tribal constitution or ordinance fails to address sovereign immunity, the tribal court must decide whether the doctrine is part of the common law of that tribe and whether and to what extent the doctrine should be limited by exceptions. While sovereign immunity is widely criticized, both the federal and state governments continue to retain certain aspects of the doctrine. Indian tribal governments may find it useful to do the same