Experimental evidence for modifying the current physical model for ice accretion on aircraft surfaces

Closeup movies, still photographs, and other experimental data suggest that the current physical model for ice accretion needs significant modification. At aircraft airspeeds there was no flow of liquid over the surface of the ice after a short initial flow, even at barely subfreezing temperatures. Instead, there were very large stationary drops on the ice surface that lose water from their bottoms by freezing and replenish their liquid by catching the microscopic cloud droplets. This observation disagrees with the existing physical model, which assumes there is a thin liquid film continuously flowing over the ice surface. With no such flow, the freezing-fraction concept of the model fails when a mass balance is performed on the surface water. Rime ice does, as the model predicts, form when the air temperature is low enough to cause the cloud droplets to freeze almost immediately on impact. However, the characteristic shapes of horn-glaze ice or rime ice are primarily caused by the ice shape affecting the airflow locally and consequently the droplet catch and the resulting ice shape. Ice roughness greatly increases the heat transfer coefficient, stops the movement of drops along the surface, and may also affect the airflow initially and thereby the droplet catch. At high subreezing temperatures the initial flow and shedding of surface drops have a large effect on the ice shape. At the incipient freezing limit, no ice forms

New technique for determination of cross-power spectral density with damped oscillators

New cross-power spectral density computation technique has been developed, as well as a technique for discrimination between periodic and random signals. This development is applicable to analysis of any stationary random process, and can be used in the aerospace and transportation fields

Effects of Nitrogen Quenching Gas on Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping of He-3

We consider the degree of conservation of nuclear spin polarization in the process of optical pumping under typical spin-exchange optical pumping conditions. Previous analyses have assumed that negligible nuclear spin precession occurs in the brief periods of time the alkali-metal atoms are in the excited state after absorbing photons and before undergoing quenching collisions with nitrogen molecules. We include excited-state hyperfine interactions, electronic spin relaxation in collisions with He and N_2, spontaneous emission, quenching collisions, and a simplified treatment of radiation trapping

Thermal protection of reentry vehicles by actively cooled nosetips

Analytical modeling efforts and clear-air ground test results of a transportation-cooled nosetips (TCNT) design are presented. The discrete water injection platelet TCNT described was conceived and created to achieve the performance requirements for severe reentry vehicle trajectories. Thermal performance computer modeling techniques, combing both local heat blockage and boundary layer recovery enthalpy reduction are outlined

Neutrinoless double beta decay in effective field theory: the light Majorana neutrino exchange mechanism

We present the first chiral effective theory derivation of the neutrinoless double beta-decay $nn\rightarrow pp$ potential induced by light Majorana neutrino exchange. The effective-field-theory framework has allowed us to identify and parameterize short- and long-range contributions previously missed in the literature. These contributions can not be absorbed into parameterizations of the single nucleon form factors. Starting from the quark and gluon level, we perform the matching onto chiral effective field theory and subsequently onto the nuclear potential. To derive the nuclear potential mediating neutrinoless double beta-decay, the hard, soft and potential neutrino modes must be integrated out. This is performed through next-to-next-to-leading order in the chiral power counting, in both the Weinberg and pionless schemes. At next-to-next-to-leading order, the amplitude receives additional contributions from the exchange of ultrasoft neutrinos, which can be expressed in terms of nuclear matrix elements of the weak current and excitation energies of the intermediate nucleus. These quantities also control the two-neutrino double beta-decay amplitude. Finally, we outline strategies to determine the low-energy constants that appear in the potentials, by relating them to electromagnetic couplings and/or by matching to lattice QCD calculations.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figure

A teleoperated unmanned rotorcraft flight test technique

NASA and the U.S. Army are jointly developing a teleoperated unmanned rotorcraft research platform at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center. This effort is intended to provide the rotorcraft research community an intermediate step between wind tunnel rotorcraft studies and full scale flight testing. The research vehicle is scaled such that it can be operated in the NASA Langley 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel or be flown freely at an outside test range. This paper briefly describes the system's requirements and the techniques used to marry the various technologies present in the system to meet these requirements. The paper also discusses the status of the development effort

Sensitivity to Z-prime and non-standard neutrino interactions from ultra-low threshold neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering

We discuss prospects for probing Z-prime and non-standard neutrino interactions using neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering with ultra-low energy (~ 10 eV) threshold Si and Ge detectors. The analysis is performed in the context of a specific and contemporary reactor-based experimental proposal, developed in cooperation with the Nuclear Science Center at Texas A&M University, and referencing available technology based upon economical and scalable detector arrays. For expected exposures, we show that sensitivity to the Z-prime mass is on the order of several TeV, and is complementary to the LHC search with low mass detectors in the near term. This technology is also shown to provide sensitivity to the neutrino magnetic moment, at a level that surpasses terrestrial limits, and is competitive with more stringent astrophysical bounds. We demonstrate the benefits of combining silicon and germanium detectors for distinguishing between classes of models of new physics, and for suppressing correlated systematic uncertainties.Comment: As published in PRD; 13 pages, 7 figure

Non-standard interactions of solar neutrinos in dark matter experiments

Non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) affect both their propagation through matter and their detection, with bounds on NSI parameters coming from various astrophysical and terrestrial neutrino experiments. In this paper, we show that NSI can be probed in future direct dark matter detection experiments through both elastic neutrino-electron scattering and coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, and that these channels provide complementary probes of NSI. We show NSI can increase the event rate due to solar neutrinos, with a sharp increase for lower nuclear recoil energy thresholds that are within reach for upcoming detectors. We also identify an interference range of NSI parameters for which the rate is reduced by approximately 40\%. Finally, we show that the "dark side" solution for the solar neutrino mixing angle may be discovered at forthcoming direct detection experiments.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

Hochster's theta invariant and the Hodge-Riemann bilinear relations

Let R be an isolated hypersurface singularity, and let M and N be finitely generated R-modules. As R is a hypersurface, the torsion modules of M against N are eventually periodic of period two (i.e., Tor_i^R(M,N) is isomorphic to Tor_{i+2}^R(M,N) for i sufficiently large). Since R has only an isolated singularity, these torsion modules are of finite length for i sufficiently large. The theta invariant of the pair (M,N) is defined by Hochster to be length(Tor_{2i}^R(M,N)) - length(Tor_{2i+1}^R(M,N)) for i sufficiently large. H. Dao has conjectured that the theta invariant is zero for all pairs (M,N) when R has even dimension and contains a field. This paper proves this conjecture under the additional assumption that R is graded with its irrelevant maximal ideal giving the isolated singularity. We also give a careful analysis of the theta pairing when the dimension of R is odd, and relate it to a classical pairing on the smooth variety Proj(R).Comment: 20 page