Why Have Poorer Neighbourhoods Stagnated Economically, While the Richer have Flourished? Neighbourhood Income Inequality in Canadian Cities

Higher income neighbourhoods in Canada’s eight largest cities flourished economically during the past quarter century, while lower income communities stagnated. This paper identifies some of the underlying processes that led to this outcome. Increasing family income inequality drove much of the rise in neighbourhood inequality. Increased spatial economic segregation, the increasing tendency of “like to live nearby likeâ€, also played a role. In the end, the differential economic outcomes between richer and poorer neighbourhoods originated in the labour market, or in family formation patterns. Changes in investment, pension income, or government transfers played a very minor role. But it was not unemployment that differentiated the richer from poorer neighbourhoods. Rather, it was the type of job found, particularly the annual earnings generated. The end result has been little improvement in economic resources in poor neighbourhoods during a period of substantial economic growth, and a rise in neighbourhood income inequality.Inequality, Neighbourhood, Poverty

Use of a sandwich technique to repair a left ventricular rupture after mitral valve replacement

One difficulty with external repair of left ventricular rupture after mitral valve replacement is collateral bleeding in friable myocardium adjacent to the rupture. The bleeding is caused by tension on the closing sutures, whether or not pledgets have been used. We report the case of a 69-year-old woman who underwent an uneventful mitral valve replacement. After cardiopulmonary bypass was terminated, brisk bleeding started from high in the posterior left ventricular wall, typical of a type III defect. We undertook external repair, placing a plug of Teflon felt into the cavity of the rupture and sandwiching it into place with pledgeted mattress and figure-of-8 sutures. The space occupied by the plug decreased the distance needed to obliterate the defect and thereby reduced the tension on the sutures necessary to achieve hemostasis. This simple technique enabled closure of the defect and avoided collateral tears that would have compromised an otherwise successful repair. Two years postoperatively, the patient had normal mitral valve function and no left ventricular aneurysm. In addition to reporting the patient's case, we review the types of left ventricular rupture that can occur during mitral valve replacement and discuss the various repair options

Affective Atmospheres of Public Controversy: Intersectional Rhetorics of Media Surveillance, White Feminine Performance, and Digital Publicity of BBQ Becky

This dissertation argues rhetorical studies can put affective atmospheres to productive use in studying contemporary public controversies as spaces of feeling that animate extended public engagement operating across various media. Rhetorical Studies has frequently focused on the moments of rupture that resist institutional adjudication and provide inventional space for counterpublic critique of hegemonic cultural discourses. Attending to affective atmospheres, however, profoundly reorients the rhetorical critic to work against the impulse to silo the historic, affective, and mediated facets of controversy to evaluate the intimacies of public life more fully. The felt entanglements of rhetoric, media, and race are experienced as the impressions of public life that condition and are conditioned by the extension, surfacing, and (attempted) disappearing of bodies in shared space. This dissertation takes up the viral Internet figure of BBQ Becky, a white woman named Jennifer Schulte who rose to infamy for calling 911 over two Black men grilling in a public park, to illustrate the rhetorical complexity of contemporary public controversy. BBQ Becky first appears to be a punchline borne of a cultural anomaly, but this dissertation reveals how Schulte’s actions are expected within white women’s cultural dispositions. My analysis spans across public goods, public space, and publicity to reveal the longstanding histories of anti-Black, settler colonial rhetorics that capacitate media surveillance to create specific affective atmospheres of white femininity that have become controversial. Focusing on three interrelated, rhetorical performances—the creation of 911 as a tool of racial discipline, the emboldened actions both of Schulte and Snider based in settler colonial notions of belonging, and the constitution of extended public engagement around BBQ Becky via Internet memes—I provide a critical affective analysis that challenges rhetorical assumptions of what constitutes a controversy and how they arise in public life. This dissertation argues controversial figures within Internet culture present fecund ground to understand how longstanding histories can be ruptured with impressing force to begin generating substantive renegotiation of various public goods in meaningful ways

An Experimental Investigation of Several Low-Drag Wing-Nacelle Combinations with Internal Air Flow

The results of an experimental investigation of several low-drag wing-nacelle combinations, incorporating internal air-flow systems, are presented. The external-drag increments due to these nacelles are between one-half and two-thirds of those of conventional nacelle forms. This improvement is accomplished with only minor effects on the lift and moment characteristics of the wing. The procedure employed to determine the external shape of such low-drag nacelles is considered in detail. The design of an efficient internal-flow system with or without a blower or throttle, presents no serious problems. The energy losses in the expansion before the engine and the contraction thereafter can be kept small. It is believed that these nacelles have a wide application in housing engine pusher-propeller units and, with some alteration, jet-propulsion devices. It is probable that the low external drags may not be realized if such nacelles are used with a tractor propeller because of the high level of turbulence in the propeller slipstream

How good are we at determining risk? Quantifying the accuracy of clinician determined risk for VTE prophylaxis

Objectives: Create and validate a simple tool for concurrent audits of risk stratification, compliance and documentation Evaluate accuracy of clinician risk stratification and prophylatic ordering practice compared with a standardized Caprini RAM across different assigned risk categories Provide recommendations for EPIC VTE Prophylaxis CDS Developmenthttps://jdc.jefferson.edu/patientsafetyposters/1050/thumbnail.jp

Quantifying Patient Reported and Documented Compliance with Adjuncts to Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis

Objectives: 1. Measure patient compliance with pharmacologic, mechanical and ambulatory prophylactic measures. 2. Evaluate for agreement between nursing documentation and patient reported compliance with mechanical and ambulatory prophylactic measures.https://jdc.jefferson.edu/patientsafetyposters/1042/thumbnail.jp

Cultural basis of social ‘deficits’ in autism spectrum disorders

There is very little research that specifically looks at how autism spectrum disorders are perceived in various communities. This qualitative research was conducted with parents who had children on the autistic spectrum belonging to four different ethnic communities (White British, Somali, West African and South Asian- 63 in total) and living in the UK. The study found that the importance that the parents give to various social skills varied on the basis of their cultural background and the gender of the parent. This is an important aspect to consider while providing support and services to individuals on the autism spectrum and their family members if the services have to be appropriate for their needs. This consideration would also enable the individuals on the autism spectrum to develop appropriate social skills required within their cultural groups. This is a preliminary study and further research on the topic is required

Free Radicals Formed by H Atom Addition to Allenes as Determined by Muon Spin Spectroscopy

Allyl and vinyl radicals are important intermediates in diverse areas of chemistry, ranging from combustion to syn-thesis. However, questions remain about the competitive formation of these radicals from allenes. Here we present a study of proto-typical allyl and vinyl radicals formed by H atom addition to allenes. They were studied by forming the analogous muonium ad-ducts, since muonium (Mu) behaves as a light isotope of hydrogen, and muoniated species can be characterized by muon spin spec-troscopy. Two techniques were employed: Transverse-Field Muon Spin Resonance (TF-μSR), and Muon Level Crossing Reso-nance (μLCR), which allow for the measurement of muon hyperfine constants (hfcs) and other nuclear hfcs, respectively, and thus aid identification of the formed radicals. TF-μSR has already been used to determine that two radicals are formed by Mu addition to 1,1-dimethylallene, but μLCR techniques were undeveloped at the time of that study, so assignments were based on ESR data of similar allyl and vinyl radicals. We report here the muon spin spectroscopy of multiple radicals detected from positive muon irradi-ation of 1,1-dimethylallene and 1-methoxyallene in solution. The radicals were identified by comparison of muon and proton hfcs with ESR data and the results of DFT calculations. The conclusion is that muonium (and by extension, the H atom) can add to all three carbons of the allene system, albeit with preference for the central carbon

Risk factors for maternal anaemia and low birth weight in pregnant women living in rural India: a prospective cohort study

Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for maternal anaemia and low birth weight in pregnant women living in Maharashtra state, India. Study design: Prospective study Methods: Women between 3 to 5 months of pregnancy were recruited from 34 villages based in Maharashtra state. Baseline data collection, anthropometric measurements and blood investigations were performed. Participants were followed-up to record birth weight. Results: In total, 303 women were eligible, and 287 (95%) provided data. 77% were anaemic defined as haemoglobin less than 11.0 g/dL at the time of recruitment, with a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 80.5 fl/cell, (standard deviation: 7.22, range: 53.4 to 93.8). Increased risk of anaemia was seen in women with consanguineous marriages (odds ratio (OR): 2.41, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.16 to 5.01, p=0.01) after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Post-delivery data from full-term singleton live births demonstrated a 7% prevalence of low birth weight. Consanguineous marriage was a major risk for low birth weight (OR: 4.10, 95% CI: 1.25 to 13.41, p=0.02). The presence of maternal anaemia during 3 to 5 months of pregnancy was associated with lower risk of low birth weight (unadjusted OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.92, p= 0.03). Conclusion: About 30% of our study participants were in a consanguineous marriage, which was identified as a potentially avoidable risk factor for both anaemia and low birth weight