The photolysis of acetone

The literature dealing with the primary processes in the photolysis of acetone with ultra-violet light has been reviewed and the important areas where reliable data exists have been identified. Gaps in the knowledge necessary for a complete description of the process have also been noted and measurements have been made which made possible a much fuller description of the primary process. An apparatus has been constructed which measures the light emission from the excited states formed by electronically excited acetone and the effect of temperature, acetone pressure, oxygen, iodine and Xenon on the excited states has been measured. Quantum yields of methyl iodide from the photolysis of acetone at 3130A have been measured by a technique devised specially for this work and by combining these results with the light emission work an over-all mechanism has been produced which embraces both sets of data. The role of the triplet excited state has been shown to be more important than was postulated before this work commenced, and the results obtained indicate that the mechanism of the primary process must be more complex than previous workers had supposed

Methyl Salicylate Secretory Cells in Roots of \u3ci\u3eViola arvensis\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eV. rafinesquii\u3c/i\u3e (Violaceae)

The aromatic roots of Viola arvensis and V. rafinesquii were studied in order to determine the chemical nature and anatomical localization of their volatile compounds. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy revealed a single detectable volatile compound, methyl salicylate. Light microscopy and differential staining with Sudan III indicates the source of this compound to be enlarged secretory cells located in the endodermis, an unusual position for such cells in roots of angiosperms. The secretory endodermal cells are sporadic, but are more frequent in primary roots than in secondary roots and the lower portion of the hypocotyl. It is hypothesized that secretory endodermal cells are restricted within Viola to subgenus Melanium where the methyl salicylate confers protection against herbivores and/or pathogens

Overview of the 2005 cross-language image retrieval track (ImageCLEF)

The purpose of this paper is to outline efforts from the 2005 CLEF crosslanguage image retrieval campaign (ImageCLEF). The aim of this CLEF track is to explore the use of both text and content-based retrieval methods for cross-language image retrieval. Four tasks were offered in the ImageCLEF track: a ad-hoc retrieval from an historic photographic collection, ad-hoc retrieval from a medical collection, an automatic image annotation task, and a user-centered (interactive) evaluation task that is explained in the iCLEF summary. 24 research groups from a variety of backgrounds and nationalities (14 countries) participated in ImageCLEF. In this paper we describe the ImageCLEF tasks, submissions from participating groups and summarise the main fndings

Experimental X-ray Stress Analysis Procedures for Ultra High Strength Materials

X-ray stress analysis procedures for accurate measurement of elastic strain in high strength steel

The dynamic behavior of steel frame and truss buildings

This report describes experimental and analytical studies of the dynamic behavior of the East Building of the University of California\u27s new Medical Center at San Francisco, California. It also describes experimental tests conducted on the East Building\u27s mechanical service tower and on an adjacent elevator tower. Experimental tests on the East Building were conducted in the summers of 1964 and 1965. Vibrations were produced by eccentric-masstype vibration generators. Frequency responses, time responses, and mode shapes were observed. In the summer 1964 tests, the first mode east-west had 2% of critical damping and the first mode north-south had 1.8%; the values of damping for the higher modes lay in the range 0.4% to 0.9% of critical In the summer 1965 tests, the damping capacity measurements were mostly in the range 5 to 10% of critical. The cause of this increase in damping capacity was investigated in the fall 1965 tests. The fall 1965 tests showed that although the East Building was designed as free-standing, it was dynamically coupled to its adjacent buildings The relatively large damping capacity of this coupled system has been attributed to the Coulomb damping provided by non-structural connections between buildings An analytical model of the East Building was formulated to provide behavior corresponding to the summer 1964 test results. A standard openframe- type model was found capable of representing the dynamic behavior of the real structure. The analytical model was subjected to the El Centro earthquake ground acceleration record in a digital computer analysis. With 5% critical damping in the first few modes, no members of the frame yielded, but when the intensity of the earthquake was increased by a factor of 1.3, some members did yield

Damping capacity of a model steel structure

The damping capacities of seven model steel structures, each consisting of a heavy steel platform supported on four columns, have been determined from forced vibration tests. The vibrations were produced by an eccentric-mass vibration generator, and the amplitudes ranged from small displacements up to slightly greater than yield displacement. The tests were terminated at the higher amplitudes once fatigue cracks formed in any of the joint welds in the columns. For vibration amplitudes up to a critical amplitude slightly less than yield displacement, the damping factors of the structures were constant, independent of amplitude, and ranged between .15 and .25~ for different structures. At vibration amplitudes greater than the critical amplitude, the damping factors of the structures became functions of amplitude. For example, the damping factor of one test structure increased from .15 to 1.~ as the displacement amplitude increased from 1.1 to 1.4 inches. The last structure tested revealed that a few cycles of vibration at amplitudes greater than the critical amplitude would increase these values slightly. Finally, the results summarized above are compared with the results of: {i) experimental work conducted by Lazan; {ii) reversed loading tests conducted on cantilever beams of similar construction to those tested in the work described in this report; and (iii) experimental work conducted by Hanson

The Haupt Effect: Coupled rotational and dipolar relaxation of methyl groups

A theory is described for the dynamic proton dipolar polarization observed by Haupt (1972) in 4-methylpyridine following a sudden temperature change. The theory differs from that of Haupt in assuming that transitions which change the rotational quantum number of the 4-methyl group by +or-3 occur very rapidly, maintaining thermal equilibrium within each of the three subsets of rotational levels corresponding to the three methyl group proton spin symmetry species A, Ea and Eb. The difference of A and E species populations approaches the new equilibrium value slowly and exponentially, following the temperature jump, and generates dipolar polarization in the process. Transitions between Ea and Eb species lead to destruction of the polarization, whose evolution from zero due to these competing processes has the simple form C(exp(-at)-exp(-bt)). This is checked by a modified version of Haupt\u27s experiment in which the initial temperature jump is followed by a later burst of RF pulses which reduces the dipolar polarization to zero

The Haupt Effect: Coupled rotational and dipolar relaxation of methyl groups

A theory is described for the dynamic proton dipolar polarization observed by Haupt (1972) in 4-methylpyridine following a sudden temperature change. The theory differs from that of Haupt in assuming that transitions which change the rotational quantum number of the 4-methyl group by +or-3 occur very rapidly, maintaining thermal equilibrium within each of the three subsets of rotational levels corresponding to the three methyl group proton spin symmetry species A, Ea and Eb. The difference of A and E species populations approaches the new equilibrium value slowly and exponentially, following the temperature jump, and generates dipolar polarization in the process. Transitions between Ea and Eb species lead to destruction of the polarization, whose evolution from zero due to these competing processes has the simple form C(exp(-at)-exp(-bt)). This is checked by a modified version of Haupt\u27s experiment in which the initial temperature jump is followed by a later burst of RF pulses which reduces the dipolar polarization to zero