Burnout bei Arbeitslosen

Die Forschung um Folgen der Arbeitslosigkeit hat lange Tradition, spätestens seit der klassischen Marienthal-Studie von Jahoda und Mitarbeitern (1933/1975). Bei dieser wie bei nachfolgenden Studien galt das Interesse dem Erleben bzw. den Folgen von Arbeitslosigkeit, wobei teilweise unterschiedliche Konstrukte in den Blick genommen wurden. Vergleichsweise kurz kommt hierbei die Diskussion der Möglichkeit, inwiefern Arbeitslosigkeit auch Burnout, das in erster Linie im Kontext von Erwerbstätigkeit erforscht wurde, hervorrufen kann. Diese Fragestellung ist Zentrum dieses Beitrags. Sie wird sowohl aus theoretischer Perspektive als auch unter Bezugnahme auf empirische Daten beleuchtet.Numerous studies have been conducted in order to analyse effects of job-loss. In the Marienthal-study by Jahoda and others as well as in many later studies one main interest was to understand the experience and consequences of unemployment. Thereby, researchers referred to different psychological constructs. The consideration of burnout as a possible outcome of unemployment has been included quite rarely. The aim of this paper is to discuss whether burnout could result from job-loss. Some theoretical considerations will be drawn and empirical data will be presented

Motivations for COVID-19 vaccination: fear, solidarity, obedience, leisure orientation or thoughtlessness?

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exemplifies why it is important to understand people’s health behavior, and with respect to vaccination why they decided for or against it.Methods: This paper presents results of a small online-study carried out in Germany (n=281). It analyzes motivations for vaccination, including intrinsic, extrinsic, structural motivators that can be health related or not. Further, thoughtless decisions are included as well.Results: The most important aim of vaccination was to get back to normal. Social motivators were second most important. Further motivators were intrinsic, especially fear of the virus, or structural, e.g., reflecting leisure orientation. Some were motivated to get vaccinated because other people said they should. However, a remarkable number of respondents stated they got vaccinated without big thoughts.Conclusions: This small study exemplarily illustrates that various motives can influence an important health decision, such as for (or against) COVID-19 vaccination. A subgroup represents the ideal of a modern empowered citizen only to a limited extent. Health policy needs to strengthen critical health literacy of citizens even in crises

О повышении мотивации подготовки иностранных граждан на кафедре факультетской терапии

ОБУЧЕНИЕ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ГРАЖДА

After Two Years of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Germany: Communication about Unvaccinated Individuals and Possible Social Consequences

In the attempt to mitigate the crises, the German government struggled with the question what to do. Since vaccines had become available for all, the focus turned on the group that had not decided for vaccination. This paper investigates communication about unvaccinated people and possible social consequences. To this purpose, selected statements of politicians and medical/scientific representatives are analysed. Some representatives addressed the responsibility for the ongoing pandemic to unvaccinated people. They were pictured as supporters of conspiracy myths, or as individuals that lack cognitive or social competences. In order to persuade them to achieve vaccination, several measures were suggested. In order to enhance persuasion, political communication sometimes seemed to simplify or even neglect scientific knowledge. Finally, it is critically discussed what it could mean for society and its handling of the crisis if the described social representations of unvaccinated people reflected at least to some extent public understanding

Towards a model-based control for thermoplastic automated fiber placement

Commercial aviation must become climate neutral in the next decades, a key factor are lightweight fuselages that may increase fuel efficiency of an aircraft over its lifetime. New manufacturing processes such as in-situ, thermoplastic Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) enable larger and more complex carbon fiber reinforced components. In order to increase material performance process parameters, have to be controlled precisely. A sensible approach is introduced in this work by implementation of Model-Based Control (MPC), which can accommodate for process specific challenges. A finite element model of the process is designed and integrated in to the control. Subsequently, layup trials validate the improvements and thus show the potential of the control approach

DJing - Musik als Kommunikation

Der moderne Club-DJ kann Auswahl und Ablauf von Musik flexibel an individuelle Situationen und sein jeweiliges Publikum anpassen. In dieser Arbeit wurde versucht, eine mögliche Kommunikation zwischen DJ und Publikum im Club zu erkunden und in diese Überlegungen auch Hintergründe des DJs und Merkmale von DJ-Musik mit ein zu beziehen. Das Thema wurde durch eine Analyse bestehender Literatur zu den Themen Musik als Kommunikationsmedium und DJ-Kultur sowie durch qualitative Interviews mit DJs und Clubbern und deren Auswertung durch eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse abgehandelt. Musik kann theoretisch als Kommunikationsmedium genutzt werden, doch die genaue Bedeutung von Musik lässt sich nicht eingrenzen; dazu sind die Mechanismen, über die Musik Bedeutung transportiert bisher wissenschaftlich ungeklärt. Bei der Rezeption von Musik im Club finden sich zahlreiche soziale Dynamiken sowie physische und psychische Begleitfaktoren, die die Rezeption von Musik beeinflussen können. Die Rolle des DJs wandelte sich im Laufe seiner Entwicklungsgeschichte von einem reinen Plattenabspieler zu der eines Künstlers und Musikers, der die Musik, die er spielte, maßgeblich mit beeinflusste. Musik, die von Club-DJs gespielt wird, ist aufgrund ihres Aufbaus und ihrer Strukturen als DJ-Werkzeug und Funktionsmusik aufzufassen. Der DJ und das Publikum kommunizieren auf zwei unterschiedlichen Ebenen. DJ und Publikum kommunizieren einerseits in Hinblick auf die gespielte Musik; beide Seiten geben sich hier Feedback im Sinne eines Input-Output Modells. Das Publikum kommuniziert über nonverbale und sprachliche Vermittlungsinstanzen, der DJ über Musik; dadurch kann die Musikauswahl des DJs gemeinsam kalibriert werden. Der DJ kann andererseits durch seine Musikauswahl sowie musikalischen Ausdruck in Musik, Stimmungen und Spannungsbögen kommunizieren. Da die Bedeutung von Musik laut den befragten DJs aber nicht fixiert werden kann, ist eine genaue Eingrenzung dieser Abläufe im Rahmen dieser Arbeit nicht möglich. Genauso kann das Verständnis dieser Abläufe seitens der befragten Clubber nicht garantiert werden, da die Wahrnehmung musikalischer Abläufe im Club kaum reflexiv analysiert und teilweise unbewusst stattfindet. Es kann jedoch von einer Kommunikation zwischen DJ und Publikum sowie einer Kommunikation mittels Musik ausgegangen werden, diese entzieht sich aber zu Teilen genaueren Analysen, bedingt durch die schwer fassbare Natur des Kommunikationsmediums Musik

Passive States for Essential Observers

The aim of this note is to present a unified approach to the results given in \cite{bb99} and \cite{bs04} which also covers examples of models not presented in these two papers (e.g. $d$-dimensional Minkowski space-time for $d\geq 3$). Assuming that a state is passive for an observer travelling along certain (essential) worldlines, we show that this state is invariant under the isometry group, is a KMS-state for the observer at a temperature uniquely determined by the structure constants of the Lie algebra involved and fulfills (a variant of) the Reeh-Schlieder property. Also the modular objects associated to such a state and the observable algebra of an observer are computed and a version of weak locality is examined.Comment: 27 page

Two-photon time-lapse microscopy of BODIPY-cholesterol reveals anomalous sterol diffusion in chinese hamster ovary cells

Background Cholesterol is an important membrane component, but our knowledge about its transport in cells is sparse. Previous imaging studies using dehydroergosterol (DHE), an intrinsically fluorescent sterol from yeast, have established that vesicular and non-vesicular transport modes contribute to sterol trafficking from the plasma membrane. Significant photobleaching, however, limits the possibilities for in-depth analysis of sterol dynamics using DHE. Co-trafficking studies with DHE and the recently introduced fluorescent cholesterol analog BODIPY-cholesterol (BChol) suggested that the latter probe has utility for prolonged live-cell imaging of sterol transport. Results We found that BChol is very photostable under two-photon (2P)-excitation allowing the acquisition of several hundred frames without significant photobleaching. Therefore, long-term tracking and diffusion measurements are possible. Two-photon temporal image correlation spectroscopy (2P-TICS) provided evidence for spatially heterogeneous diffusion constants of BChol varying over two orders of magnitude from the cell interior towards the plasma membrane, where D ~ 1.3 μm2/s. Number and brightness (N&B) analysis together with stochastic simulations suggest that transient partitioning of BChol into convoluted membranes slows local sterol diffusion. We observed sterol endocytosis as well as fusion and fission of sterol-containing endocytic vesicles. The mobility of endocytic vesicles, as studied by particle tracking, is well described by a model for anomalous subdiffusion on short time scales with an anomalous exponent α ~ 0.63 and an anomalous diffusion constant of Dα = 1.95 x 10-3 μm2/sα. On a longer time scale (t \u3e ~5 s), a transition to superdiffusion consistent with slow directed transport with an average velocity of v ~ 6 x 10-3 μm/s was observed. We present an analytical model that bridges the two regimes and fit this model to vesicle trajectories from control cells and cells with disrupted microtubule or actin filaments. Both treatments reduced the anomalous diffusion constant and the velocity by ~40-50%. Conclusions The mobility of sterol-containing vesicles on the short time scale could reflect dynamic rearrangements of the cytoskeleton, while directed transport of sterol vesicles occurs likely along both, microtubules and actin filaments. Spatially varying anomalous diffusion could contribute to fine-tuning and local regulation of intracellular sterol transport