After Inclusion

What forms of discrimination are likely to be salient in the coming decade? This review flags a cluster of problems that roughly fall under the rubric of inclusive exclusions or discrimination by inclusion. Much contemporary discrimination theory and empirical work is concerned not simply with mapping the forces that keep people out of the labor market but also with identifying the forces that push them into hierarchical structures within workplaces and labor markets. Underwriting this effort is the notion that, although determining what happens before and during the moment in which a prospective employee is excluded from an employment opportunity remains crucial to antidiscrimination theory and practice, significant employment discrimination problems can occur after a person is hired and becomes an employee. These problems transcend racial and sexual harassment. They include a range of subtle institutional practices and interpersonal dynamics that create systemic advantages for some employees and disadvantages for others. We predict that the next generation of race discrimination scholarship will engage these “after inclusion” workplace difficulties theoretically, empirically, and doctrinally

After Inclusion

What forms of discrimination are likely to be salient in the coming decade? This review flags a cluster of problems that roughly fall under the rubric of inclusive exclusions or discrimination by inclusion. Much contemporary discrimination theory and empirical work is concerned not simply with mapping the forces that keep people out of the labor market but also with identifying the forces that push them into hierarchical structures within workplaces and labor markets. Underwriting this effort is the notion that, although determining what happens before and during the moment in which a prospective employee is excluded from an employment opportunity remains crucial to antidiscrimination theory and practice, significant employment discrimination problems can occur after a person is hired and becomes an employee. These problems transcend racial and sexual harassment. They include a range of subtle institutional practices and interpersonal dynamics that create systemic advantages for some employees and disadvantages for others. We predict that the next generation of race discrimination scholarship will engage these “after inclusion” workplace difficulties theoretically, empirically, and doctrinally

Radial gradients and anisotropies of cosmic rays in the interplanetary medium

Radial gradients and anisotropies of cosmic rays in interplanetary mediu

Book release: framing internet safety

Nathan W. Fisk discusses his book, ‘Framing internet safety’, which just came out in the UK yesterday. He argues for recognising the ways in which children’s online and offline lives are inseparably linked, and highlights the need to listen to children about the problems they face, as they often know better than anyone what those are. Nathan is Assistant Professor of Cybersecurity Education at the University of South Florida

The Importance of Reading Rate

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between rates of reading and achieved reading comprehension using the Durrell oral and silent reading scores which are based on the time it takes a child to read a selection and the actual achieved level of comprehension as arrived at by the Stanford Achievement Test. Statistical evaluations were done regarding: reading rate and comprehension achievement of 4th- and 5th-grade poor readers. Ways in which understanding of printed matter is determined were also studied. The investigation examined whether free recall of material was more effective than recall elicited by questioning and whether maturity of the reader made a difference in which method was more productive. Overall findings pointed to the fact that within the context of this investigation, there was no difference between rate of reading of poor readers and their comprehension of printed matter. Neither did there appear to be a difference between their oral and silent reading rates. Poor readers did not seem to be aided by one method of information retrieval over another, and time did not appear to effect the dependence on either questions or spontaneous recall in comprehension. One interesting sidelight of this investigation showed that there was a significant increase in total comprehension over a period of three years when remedial help had been given. This gives evidence in support of continued remedial help over a period of years. The children in this study may have had poor word recognition skills which could account for their seemingly low rate of reading. Their achievement was low so they were below the general level of 4th-grade reading achievement where speed begins to pick up according to the research. It was found, however, that there was a difference in the amount comprehended over a period of three years indicating that maturity and/or remedial help might be a factor. This study did not find any difference between oral and silent reading rates of poor readers. In view of this finding that poor readers in the 4th and 5th grades do not read faster silently as the research has found to be the case for average readers in those grades, allowance must be made when assigning silent reading tasks for these children

The Effect of Water Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Content on the Rate of Gill Movement of the Hellgrammite Corydalus Cornutus

Author Institution: Department of Zoology and Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210The rate of gill movement of the Hellgrammite Corydalus cornutus as a function of water temperature and dissolved oxygen content has been measured. The specimens were introduced into open, water-filled vessels subsequent to partial removal of dissolved oxygen from the water. Measurements of gill-movement rate were made with a hand tally counter and electric timer, while dissolved oxygen content determinations were accomplished by the Winkler technique. Gill movements increased 0.026±0.018 beats per second with each parts per million decrease in dissolved oxygen content. Gill movements increased 0.188±0.081 beats per second with each degree Centigrade increase in temperature. This latter value is consistent with van't Hoff's rule. Observations of the specimens showed that there was a strict sequence to gill movement and that, under certain conditions, bubbles formed at the presumably inoperative spiracles. Dissections were performed to investigate the cause of this bubble formation and gas was found to fill the major portion of the closed tracheal system