Bewertung der bei Basketballeuropameisterschaft in Barcelona1997 verzeichneten variablen des Schießens aufs ziel

The research was conducted in order to determine the size of the influence that the variables regarding throwing the ball into the basket have on the final basketball match score. For data acquisition the sample of 62 European Championship matches held in Barcelona was used. The sample of manifested variables consisted of seven standard indicators of situation related efficiency concerning shooting and assists that were officially registered for each team. The data, gathered from the official basketball] game statistics, were processed by means of basic statistical procedures, while the main research problem was analyzed by applying the classical algorithm of the regression analysis. The significant difference was determined between the winning and losing teams in variables of shooting and assists, the winning teams achieving the better results. The difference in the total match score averages between the winning and losing teams was 11 points. Regression analysis revealed interesting information on the relation of the predicting variables regarding ball throws and assists with the final game score in a basketball match. Multiple and partial regression coefficients suggest that the final match score could be predicted on the basis of the predicting variables. Multiple correlation of .59 is statistically significant and there is no doubt that 35% of the variance is common to the predicting variables and to the final match score. In the partial regression coefficients three variables (SUT2NE - two-point field goal-unsuccessful, SUT3NE - three-point field goal unsuccessful, and SLBAUS- free throws-successful) appeared to be the significant predictors. The obtained results support the tactical requirements for a high quality of the play organization on the phase of offence, which should provide a rational selection of shootings and minimize the number of unsuccessful throws. The SLBAUS variable displays that the losing teams were repeatedly forced to commit a considerable number of personal fouls which was, from the aspect of the success criterion, i.e. the final match outcome, beneficial for the winning teams that were successful in performing free throws. This study is a continuation of the research, established long ago, on the influence of standard indicators of the situation-related efficiency on a match outcome or success in the basketball game. It opens further possibilities for enlarging the basis of knowledge concerning this important segment of exact, objective monitoring of sports games, especially basketball.Das Ziel der Untersuchung war, den Einflussausmaß der die Korbeinwürfe betreffenden Variablen auf das Endresultat eines Basketballspieles festzustellen. Die Daten wurden aus 62 Spielen der Europameisterschaft in Barcelona abgenommen. Das Variablenmuster umfasste 7 gewöhnliche Anzeigen der situationsbezogenen Effizienz bezüglich Einwürfe und Assistenzen, die für jede Mannschaft offiziel verzeichnet wurden. Die aus der offizielen Spielstatistik erworbenen Daten wurden mittels statistischer Grundverfahren bearbeitet, während das Hauptproblem durch den klassischen Algorithmus der Regressionsanalyse analysiert wurde. Ein statistisch bedeutender Unterschied zwischen den erfolgreichen und den verlierenden Mannschaften wurde in den Variablen der Einwürfe und der Assistenzen zugunsten des Gewinners festgestellt. Der durchschnittliche Endergebnisunterschied zwischen den Gewinnern und den Verlierern war 11 Punkte. Mittels der Regressionsanalyse wurden interessante Informationen über die Beziehung der Prädiktorvariablen des Ballwurfs und der Assistenzen mit dem Endergebnis des Spieles entdeckt. Multiple und partiale Regressionskoeffiziente zeigen, dass das Endergebnis aufgrund der Prädiktorvariablen vorausgesehen werden kann. Die multiple Korrelation von 0,59 ist statistisch bedeutend und zweifellos ist 35% der Varianz den Prädiktorvariablen und dem Endergebnis gemeinsam. Unter den partialen Regressionskoeffizienten schienen 3 Variablen als bedeutende Anzeigen (SUT2NE — unerfolgreicher 2-Punkte-Schuß, SUT3NE- unerforlgreicher 3-Punkte-Schuß und SLBAUS - erfolgreicher Freiwurf). Die erworbenen Ergebnisse unterstützen den taktischen Bedarf nach guter Spielorganisation in der Verteidigungsphase, um eine rationale Ballwurfselektion zu ermöglichen und damit die Zahl unerfolgreicher Ballwürfe zu vermindern. Die Variable “SLBAUS” zeigt, dass die verlierende Mannschaft immer wieder dazu gezwungen war, mehrere Personalfouls zu machen, was vom Erfolgsamkeitsaspekt (Endresultat) für die in den Freischüssen erfolgreiche Gewinnermannschaft günstig war. Diese Studie ist die Fortsetzung einer vor langer Zeit durchgeführten Untersuchung über den Einfluss der Standardanzeigen der situationsbezogenen Effizienz auf das Endresultat oder die Leistung in einem Basketballspiel. Sie gibt weitere Möglichkeiten, um die Kenntnisbasis in diesem wichtigen Segment der exakten und objektiven Beobachtung der Ballspiele, besonders Basketballs, zu erweitern

Bewertung der bei Basketballeuropameisterschaft in Barcelona1997 verzeichneten variablen des Schießens aufs ziel

The research was conducted in order to determine the size of the influence that the variables regarding throwing the ball into the basket have on the final basketball match score. For data acquisition the sample of 62 European Championship matches held in Barcelona was used. The sample of manifested variables consisted of seven standard indicators of situation related efficiency concerning shooting and assists that were officially registered for each team. The data, gathered from the official basketball] game statistics, were processed by means of basic statistical procedures, while the main research problem was analyzed by applying the classical algorithm of the regression analysis. The significant difference was determined between the winning and losing teams in variables of shooting and assists, the winning teams achieving the better results. The difference in the total match score averages between the winning and losing teams was 11 points. Regression analysis revealed interesting information on the relation of the predicting variables regarding ball throws and assists with the final game score in a basketball match. Multiple and partial regression coefficients suggest that the final match score could be predicted on the basis of the predicting variables. Multiple correlation of .59 is statistically significant and there is no doubt that 35% of the variance is common to the predicting variables and to the final match score. In the partial regression coefficients three variables (SUT2NE - two-point field goal-unsuccessful, SUT3NE - three-point field goal unsuccessful, and SLBAUS- free throws-successful) appeared to be the significant predictors. The obtained results support the tactical requirements for a high quality of the play organization on the phase of offence, which should provide a rational selection of shootings and minimize the number of unsuccessful throws. The SLBAUS variable displays that the losing teams were repeatedly forced to commit a considerable number of personal fouls which was, from the aspect of the success criterion, i.e. the final match outcome, beneficial for the winning teams that were successful in performing free throws. This study is a continuation of the research, established long ago, on the influence of standard indicators of the situation-related efficiency on a match outcome or success in the basketball game. It opens further possibilities for enlarging the basis of knowledge concerning this important segment of exact, objective monitoring of sports games, especially basketball.Das Ziel der Untersuchung war, den Einflussausmaß der die Korbeinwürfe betreffenden Variablen auf das Endresultat eines Basketballspieles festzustellen. Die Daten wurden aus 62 Spielen der Europameisterschaft in Barcelona abgenommen. Das Variablenmuster umfasste 7 gewöhnliche Anzeigen der situationsbezogenen Effizienz bezüglich Einwürfe und Assistenzen, die für jede Mannschaft offiziel verzeichnet wurden. Die aus der offizielen Spielstatistik erworbenen Daten wurden mittels statistischer Grundverfahren bearbeitet, während das Hauptproblem durch den klassischen Algorithmus der Regressionsanalyse analysiert wurde. Ein statistisch bedeutender Unterschied zwischen den erfolgreichen und den verlierenden Mannschaften wurde in den Variablen der Einwürfe und der Assistenzen zugunsten des Gewinners festgestellt. Der durchschnittliche Endergebnisunterschied zwischen den Gewinnern und den Verlierern war 11 Punkte. Mittels der Regressionsanalyse wurden interessante Informationen über die Beziehung der Prädiktorvariablen des Ballwurfs und der Assistenzen mit dem Endergebnis des Spieles entdeckt. Multiple und partiale Regressionskoeffiziente zeigen, dass das Endergebnis aufgrund der Prädiktorvariablen vorausgesehen werden kann. Die multiple Korrelation von 0,59 ist statistisch bedeutend und zweifellos ist 35% der Varianz den Prädiktorvariablen und dem Endergebnis gemeinsam. Unter den partialen Regressionskoeffizienten schienen 3 Variablen als bedeutende Anzeigen (SUT2NE — unerfolgreicher 2-Punkte-Schuß, SUT3NE- unerforlgreicher 3-Punkte-Schuß und SLBAUS - erfolgreicher Freiwurf). Die erworbenen Ergebnisse unterstützen den taktischen Bedarf nach guter Spielorganisation in der Verteidigungsphase, um eine rationale Ballwurfselektion zu ermöglichen und damit die Zahl unerfolgreicher Ballwürfe zu vermindern. Die Variable “SLBAUS” zeigt, dass die verlierende Mannschaft immer wieder dazu gezwungen war, mehrere Personalfouls zu machen, was vom Erfolgsamkeitsaspekt (Endresultat) für die in den Freischüssen erfolgreiche Gewinnermannschaft günstig war. Diese Studie ist die Fortsetzung einer vor langer Zeit durchgeführten Untersuchung über den Einfluss der Standardanzeigen der situationsbezogenen Effizienz auf das Endresultat oder die Leistung in einem Basketballspiel. Sie gibt weitere Möglichkeiten, um die Kenntnisbasis in diesem wichtigen Segment der exakten und objektiven Beobachtung der Ballspiele, besonders Basketballs, zu erweitern

Polyhydroxy surfactants for the formulation of lipid nanoparticles (SLN and NLC): Effects on size, physical stability and particle matrix structure

The two polyhydroxy surfactants polyglycerol 6-distearate (Plurol (R) Stearique WL1009 - (PS)) and caprylyl/capryl glucoside (Plantacare (R) 810 - (PL)) are a class of PEG-free stabilizers, made from renewable resources. They were investigated for stabilization of aqueous solid lipid nanoparticle (SIN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) dispersions. Production was performed by high pressure homogenization, analysis by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), laser diffraction (LD), zeta potential measurements and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Particles were made from Cutina CP as solid lipid only (SIN) and its blends with Miglyol 812 (NLC, the blends containing increasing amounts of oil from 20% to 60%). The obtained particle sizes were identical for both surfactants, about 200 nm with polydispersity indices below 0.20 (PCS), and unimodal size distribution (ID). All dispersions with both surfactants were physically stable for 3 months at room temperature, but Plantacare (PL) showing a superior stability. The melting behaviour and crystallinity of bulk lipids/lipid blends were compared to the nanoparticles. Both were lower for the nanoparticles. The crystallinity of dispersions stabilized with PS was higher, the zeta potential decreased with storage time associated with this higher crystallinity, and leading to a few, but negligible larger particles. The lower crystallinity particles stabilized with PL remained unchanged in zeta potential (about -50 mV) and in size. These data show that surfactants have a distinct influence on the particle matrix struture (and related stability and drug loading), to which too little attention was given by now. Despite being from the same surfactant class, the differences on the structure are pronounced. They are attributed to the hydrophobic-lipophilic tail structure with one-point anchoring in the interface (PL), and the loop conformation of PS with two hydrophobic anchor points, i.e. their molecular structure and its interaction with the matrix surface and matrix bulk. Analysis of the effects of the surfactants on the particle matrix structure could potentially be used to further optimization of stability, drug loading and may be drug release

Mapping Early Childhood Caries Prevention Programmes in Scotland and South-Eastern Europe

Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a recognised global public health challenge, and the World Health Organisation (WHO) has set out preventive approaches in an implementation manual. Scotland has an established information-sharing partnership with countries in South-Eastern Europe, where the ECC burden is substantial. Aim: This project aimed to map ECC and preventive programmes in Scotland and South-Eastern Europe against WHO criteria and to facilitate discussion, drawing from recent research and assessment of international consensus, to agree on priority interventions. Methods: A dedicated pro-forma gathered structured information on: population statistics; disease burden; workforce capacity; interventions in dental practice, early years education and the community. A recorded online workshop involved presentations and discussions of policy and practice in relation to current and future ECC prevention plans. Workshop discussions were transcribed and analysed using thematic theory-based implementation frameworks, facilitated by QSR NVivo12.0 software. Results: Data were received from Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, Scotland and Serbia. The child population and birth rate are generally declining. In 2019, ECC prevalence among 5–6-year-olds was 80% to 84% in South-Eastern Europe countries, while in Scotland, less than a third (26%) of those children had obvious decay experience in their primary teeth in 2020, compared with more than half (55%) in 2003. A key barrier for implementing ECC prevention is a lack of political prioritisation and funding. Further barriers identified included a lack of integration of public and private preventive programmes, low engagement of professional dental associations, and a lack of population knowledge/awareness of the issue. Implementation might be facilitated through wider universal child health initiatives (e.g. vaccination and maternal health programmes). Conclusion: Mapping disease and oral health prevention activities in Scotland and South-Eastern Europe has allowed for assessment of progress and identified barriers and facilitators for future implementation in line with WHO ECC prevention guidelines

Photosynthesis-dependent H₂O₂ transfer from chloroplasts to nuclei provides a high-light signalling mechanism

Chloroplasts communicate information by signalling to nuclei during acclimation to fluctuating light. Several potential operating signals originating from chloroplasts have been proposed, but none have been shown to move to nuclei to modulate gene expression. One proposed signal is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by chloroplasts in a light-dependent manner. Using HyPer2, a genetically encoded fluorescent H2O2 sensor, we show that in photosynthetic Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells, exposure to high light increases H2O2 production in chloroplast stroma, cytosol and nuclei. Critically, over-expression of stromal ascorbate peroxidase (H2O2 scavenger) or treatment with DCMU (photosynthesis inhibitor) attenuates nuclear H2O2 accumulation and high light-responsive gene expression. Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase over-expression has little effect on nuclear H2O2 accumulation and high light-responsive gene expression. This is because the H2O2 derives from a sub-population of chloroplasts closely associated with nuclei. Therefore, direct H2O2 transfer from chloroplasts to nuclei, avoiding the cytosol, enables photosynthetic control over gene expression

Impact of renal impairment on atrial fibrillation: ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and renal impairment share a bidirectional relationship with important pathophysiological interactions. We evaluated the impact of renal impairment in a contemporary cohort of patients with AF. Methods: We utilised the ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry. Outcomes were analysed according to renal function by CKD-EPI equation. The primary endpoint was a composite of thromboembolism, major bleeding, acute coronary syndrome and all-cause death. Secondary endpoints were each of these separately including ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic event, intracranial haemorrhage, cardiovascular death and hospital admission. Results: A total of 9306 patients were included. The distribution of patients with no, mild, moderate and severe renal impairment at baseline were 16.9%, 49.3%, 30% and 3.8%, respectively. AF patients with impaired renal function were older, more likely to be females, had worse cardiac imaging parameters and multiple comorbidities. Among patients with an indication for anticoagulation, prescription of these agents was reduced in those with severe renal impairment, p <.001. Over 24 months, impaired renal function was associated with significantly greater incidence of the primary composite outcome and all secondary outcomes. Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated an inverse relationship between eGFR and the primary outcome (HR 1.07 [95% CI, 1.01–1.14] per 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 decrease), that was most notable in patients with eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 (HR 2.21 [95% CI, 1.23–3.99] compared to eGFR ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2). Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients with AF suffer from concomitant renal impairment which impacts their overall management. Furthermore, renal impairment is an independent predictor of major adverse events including thromboembolism, major bleeding, acute coronary syndrome and all-cause death in patients with AF

Clinical complexity and impact of the ABC (Atrial fibrillation Better Care) pathway in patients with atrial fibrillation: a report from the ESC-EHRA EURObservational Research Programme in AF General Long-Term Registry

Background: Clinical complexity is increasingly prevalent among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The ‘Atrial fibrillation Better Care’ (ABC) pathway approach has been proposed to streamline a more holistic and integrated approach to AF care; however, there are limited data on its usefulness among clinically complex patients. We aim to determine the impact of ABC pathway in a contemporary cohort of clinically complex AF patients. Methods: From the ESC-EHRA EORP-AF General Long-Term Registry, we analysed clinically complex AF patients, defined as the presence of frailty, multimorbidity and/or polypharmacy. A K-medoids cluster analysis was performed to identify different groups of clinical complexity. The impact of an ABC-adherent approach on major outcomes was analysed through Cox-regression analyses and delay of event (DoE) analyses. Results: Among 9966 AF patients included, 8289 (83.1%) were clinically complex. Adherence to the ABC pathway in the clinically complex group reduced the risk of all-cause death (adjusted HR [aHR]: 0.72, 95%CI 0.58–0.91), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs; aHR: 0.68, 95%CI 0.52–0.87) and composite outcome (aHR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.58–0.85). Adherence to the ABC pathway was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of death (aHR: 0.74, 95%CI 0.56–0.98) and composite outcome (aHR: 0.76, 95%CI 0.60–0.96) also in the high-complexity cluster; similar trends were observed for MACEs. In DoE analyses, an ABC-adherent approach resulted in significant gains in event-free survival for all the outcomes investigated in clinically complex patients. Based on absolute risk reduction at 1 year of follow-up, the number needed to treat for ABC pathway adherence was 24 for all-cause death, 31 for MACEs and 20 for the composite outcome. Conclusions: An ABC-adherent approach reduces the risk of major outcomes in clinically complex AF patients. Ensuring adherence to the ABC pathway is essential to improve clinical outcomes among clinically complex AF patients

Impact of clinical phenotypes on management and outcomes in European atrial fibrillation patients: a report from the ESC-EHRA EURObservational Research Programme in AF (EORP-AF) General Long-Term Registry

Background: Epidemiological studies in atrial fibrillation (AF) illustrate that clinical complexity increase the risk of major adverse outcomes. We aimed to describe European AF patients\u2019 clinical phenotypes and analyse the differential clinical course. Methods: We performed a hierarchical cluster analysis based on Ward\u2019s Method and Squared Euclidean Distance using 22 clinical binary variables, identifying the optimal number of clusters. We investigated differences in clinical management, use of healthcare resources and outcomes in a cohort of European AF patients from a Europe-wide observational registry. Results: A total of 9363 were available for this analysis. We identified three clusters: Cluster 1 (n = 3634; 38.8%) characterized by older patients and prevalent non-cardiac comorbidities; Cluster 2 (n = 2774; 29.6%) characterized by younger patients with low prevalence of comorbidities; Cluster 3 (n = 2955;31.6%) characterized by patients\u2019 prevalent cardiovascular risk factors/comorbidities. Over a mean follow-up of 22.5 months, Cluster 3 had the highest rate of cardiovascular events, all-cause death, and the composite outcome (combining the previous two) compared to Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 (all P <.001). An adjusted Cox regression showed that compared to Cluster 2, Cluster 3 (hazard ratio (HR) 2.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.27\u20133.62; HR 3.42, 95%CI 2.72\u20134.31; HR 2.79, 95%CI 2.32\u20133.35), and Cluster 1 (HR 1.88, 95%CI 1.48\u20132.38; HR 2.50, 95%CI 1.98\u20133.15; HR 2.09, 95%CI 1.74\u20132.51) reported a higher risk for the three outcomes respectively. Conclusions: In European AF patients, three main clusters were identified, differentiated by differential presence of comorbidities. Both non-cardiac and cardiac comorbidities clusters were found to be associated with an increased risk of major adverse outcomes

Rheological and droplet size analysis of W/O/W multiple emulsions containing low concentrations of polymeric emulsifiers

Multiple emulsions are complex dispersion systems which have many potential applications in pharmaceutics, cosmetics and the food industry. In practice, however, significant problems may arise because of their thermodynamic instability. In this study, W/O/W multiple emulsion systems containing low concentration levels of lipophilic polymeric primary emulsifiers cetyl dimethicone copolyol and PEG–30 dipolyhydroxystearate were evaluated. The concentrations of the primary emulsifiers were set at 1.6 and 2.4 % w/w in the final emulsions. Rheological and droplet size analysis of the investigated samples showed that the type and concentration of the primary lipophilic polymeric emulsifier markedly affected the characteristics of the multiple emulsions. The multiple emulsion prepared with 2.4 % w/w PEG–30 dipolyhydroxystearate as the primary emulsifier exhibited the highest apparent viscosity, yield stress and elastic modulus values, as well as the smallest droplet size. Furthermore, these parameters remained relatively constant over the study period, confirming the high stability of the investigated sample. The results obtained indicate that the changes observed in the investigated samples over time could be attributed to the swelling/breakdown mechanism of the multiple droplets. Such changes could be adequately monitored by rheological and droplet size analysis