Li+ distribution into V2O5 films resulting from electrochemical intercalation reactions

We studied interface effects of thin film V2O5 electrodes on top of indium tin oxide (ITO) glass for Li intercalation by means of a combination of methods: depth-profiling by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), electrochemical insertion-extraction of lithium ions by slow-scan cyclic voltammetry (SSCV) and by potentiostatic intermittent titration technique (PITT). We show that the Li+ distribution inside the oxide film is always far from homogeneous, and that different diffusion paths (parallel to interfaces as well as perpendicular to them) have to be considered in experiments with electrodes having areas of few cm². The exposed edge formed when cutting out coupons from the coated glass plate supporting the V2O5 electrode plays a significant role in the process, because it exposes the V2O5-ITO interface to the electrolyte.Estudamos os efeitos de interface de filmes finos de eletrodos de V2O5 sobre vidros com óxido de índio-estanho (ITO) para intercalação de Li utilizando combinações de métodos: perfil de profundidade por espectrometria de massas de íons secundários (SIMS), inserção-extração eletroquímica de íons lítio por voltametria cíclica de varredura lenta (SSCV) e por técnica de titulação potenciostática intermitente (PITT). Nós demonstramos que a distribuição de Li+ no interior do filme de óxido é sempre distante de ser considerada homogênea e que diferentes etapas de difusão (paralelas às interfaces e bem como perpendiculares a elas) são consideradas por conter áreas de alguns cm² em experimentos com eletrodos. A margem exposta pelo corte da placa de vidro revestida com ITO e recoberta com V2O5 desempenha um papel importante no processo, pelo fato de expor a interface V2O5-ITO ao eletrólito.66767

UV-visible and IR spectroelectrochemical studies of FeVO4 sol-gel films for electrochromic applications

The sol-gel synthesis route, in combination with dip-coating deposition, was used for the preparation of FeVO4 films. TEM measurements of Fe/V (1 : 1)-oxide films heated at 400degreesC reveal that the films consist of a triclinic FeVO4-I and an orthorhombic FeVO4-II phases with a grain size of up to 50 nm. The electrochromic properties of the films were tested in 1 M LiClO4/propylene carbonate (PC) using various electrochemical techniques and in-situ UV-visible spectroelectrochemical measurements. The best compromise between the charge capacity per film thickness (Qd(-1) = -0.14 mC cm(-2) nm(-1)), electrochemical stability (>1000 cycles) and optical modulation (DeltaT(v)is = 0.15) was achieved in the potential range of 4.80 to 1.80 V vs. Li, which suggests that FeVO4 films can be used as counter-electrodes in electrochromic devices. Extensive IR-spectroscopy studies of FeVO4 films in charged/discharged states revealed the following spectra changes: (i) small charging (-0.01 mC cm(-2) nm(-1)) leads to a variation in the intensity of all the vibrational bands without shifting their frequencies, (ii) higher chargings bring about the intensity and frequency changes of bridging V-O...Fe and V...O...Fe stretchings showing that vanadium, and probably also iron, are involved in the insertion/extraction processes, (iii) below 500 cm(-1) broad absorption appears due to the Li+-O modes, which also remained in the IR spectra of discharged (bleached) states revealing the irreversible lithiation, and (iv) charging to -0.30 and -0.50 mC cm(-2) nm(-1) leads to the amorphisation of the film structure

Effect of boron doping on optical properties of sol-gel based nanostructured zinc oxide films on glass

Boron doped zinc oxide thin films (similar to 80 nm) were deposited onto pure silica glass by sol-gel dip coating technique from the precursor sol/solution of 4.0 wt.% equivalent oxide content. The boron concentration was varied from 0 to 2 at.% w.r.t. Zn using crystalline boric acid. The nanostructured feature of the films was visualized by FESEM images and the largest cluster size of ZnO was found in 1 at.% boron doped film (B1ZO). The presence of mixed crystal phases with hexagonal as major phase was identified from XRD reflections of the films. Particle size, optical band gap, visible specular reflection, room temperature photoluminescence (PL) emissions (3.24-2.28 eV), infra-red (IR) and Raman active longitudinal optical (LO) phonon vibration were found to be dependent on dopant concentration. For the first time, we report the room temperature fine structured PL emissions as phonon replicas originated from the LO phonon (both IR and Raman active) in 1 at.% boron doped zinc oxide film. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Li+ distribution into V2O5 films resulting from electrochemical intercalation reactions

We studied interface effects of thin film V2O5 electrodes on top of indium tin oxide (ITO) glass for Li intercalation by means of a combination of methods: depth-profiling by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), electrochemical insertion-extraction of lithium ions by slow-scan cyclic voltammetry (SSCV) and by potentiostatic intermittent titration technique (PITT). We show that the Li+ distribution inside the oxide film is always far from homogeneous, and that different diffusion paths (parallel to interfaces as well as perpendicular to them) have to be considered in experiments with electrodes having areas of few cm(2). The exposed edge formed when cutting out coupons from the coated glass plate supporting the V2O5 electrode plays a significant role in the process, because it exposes the V2O5-ITO interface to the electrolyte

Li+ distribution into V2O5 films resulting from electrochemical intercalation reactions

We studied interface effects of thin film V2O5 electrodes on top of indium tin oxide (ITO) glass for Li intercalation by means of a combination of methods: depth-profiling by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), electrochemical insertion-extraction of lithium ions by slow-scan cyclic voltammetry (SSCV) and by potentiostatic intermittent titration technique (PITT). We show that the Li+ distribution inside the oxide film is always far from homogeneous, and that different diffusion paths (parallel to interfaces as well as perpendicular to them) have to be considered in experiments with electrodes having areas of few cm². The exposed edge formed when cutting out coupons from the coated glass plate supporting the V2O5 electrode plays a significant role in the process, because it exposes the V2O5-ITO interface to the electrolyte