Sensing element for the formation fluid refractometer on the basis of total internal reflection

When developing oil fields, there is an urgent task to quickly determine the type of pumped formation fluid, which includes formation gas, formation oil and formation water. In this paper, we propose a new type of a sensor element designed for flow refractometry of formation fluid based on the effect of total internal reflection. The sensor element is a taper tip of a conical shape made of sapphire and is 20 mm in length and 20 mm in diameter. The original shape of the sensor element is determined by a modified ray tracing method, taking into account analytical relations that determine the conditions for providing a larger dynamic range of measurements under specified physical, technological and design constraints. The conversion dependence of the tip is obtained for the wavelengths of 405 nm, 1064 nm and 3300 nm and allows determining the type of formation fluid (gas/water/oil). The proposed method enables the development of conical sensor elements based on the total internal reflection for downhole monitoring systems and optical threshold sensors of the refractive index

Physical and Mechanical Research for Synthesis of Carbon Emocompatibly Coatings for Artificial Heart

To create an implant of the circulatory system using materials of different origin. The main requirements for such materials: rapid adaptation to the body and a long service life. Important characteristics are the hydrophobicity and surface roughness. Surface modification of materials by coating is the most common way to increase the functional properties. The study consisted in finding the perfect combination of the coating material and the technology of its application to the polyurethane product to increase its service life. In this study, we were applied two different methods of carbon coatings, which do not require heating of the polyurethane substrate: the method of laser deposition in a vacuum magnetron vacuum deposition method, and the pulverization of fine colloidal solution. Pulverization method applied to colloids with different powder: carbon nanotubes (CNT) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), titanium oxide. Visualization of the surface produced on the optical, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. Out of the samples, the most hydrophobic properties of the coated, fine colloidal solution HOPG caused by pulverization

Physical and Mechanical Research for Synthesis of Carbon Emocompatibly Coatings for Artificial Heart

To create an implant of the circulatory system using materials of different origin. The main requirements for such materials: rapid adaptation to the body and a long service life. Important characteristics are the hydrophobicity and surface roughness. Surface modification of materials by coating is the most common way to increase the functional properties. The study consisted in finding the perfect combination of the coating material and the technology of its application to the polyurethane product to increase its service life. In this study, we were applied two different methods of carbon coatings, which do not require heating of the polyurethane substrate: the method of laser deposition in a vacuum magnetron vacuum deposition method, and the pulverization of fine colloidal solution. Pulverization method applied to colloids with different powder: carbon nanotubes (CNT) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), titanium oxide. Visualization of the surface produced on the optical, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. Out of the samples, the most hydrophobic properties of the coated, fine colloidal solution HOPG caused by pulverization

Physical and Mechanical Research for Synthesis of Carbon Emocompatibly Coatings for Artificial Heart

To create an implant of the circulatory system using materials of different origin. The main requirements for such materials: rapid adaptation to the body and a long service life. Important characteristics are the hydrophobicity and surface roughness. Surface modification of materials by coating is the most common way to increase the functional properties. The study consisted in finding the perfect combination of the coating material and the technology of its application to the polyurethane product to increase its service life. In this study, we were applied two different methods of carbon coatings, which do not require heating of the polyurethane substrate: the method of laser deposition in a vacuum magnetron vacuum deposition method, and the pulverization of fine colloidal solution. Pulverization method applied to colloids with different powder: carbon nanotubes (CNT) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), titanium oxide. Visualization of the surface produced on the optical, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. Out of the samples, the most hydrophobic properties of the coated, fine colloidal solution HOPG caused by pulverization

Investigation of absorption of laser radiation by copperand nickel-based powders to obtain gradient materials by selective laser melting

The absorption of laser radiation of powder materials based on copper and nickel is studied. The dependence of the temperature of the powder material on the power of the incident laser radiation is obtained. A comparison of the values obtained by different measurement methods is presented

Investigation of absorption of laser radiation by copperand nickel-based powders to obtain gradient materials by selective laser melting

The absorption of laser radiation of powder materials based on copper and nickel is studied. The dependence of the temperature of the powder material on the power of the incident laser radiation is obtained. A comparison of the values obtained by different measurement methods is presented

DataSheet1_Sustained heterologous gene expression in pancreatic islet organoids using adeno-associated virus serotype 8.pdf

Genetic modification of pancreatic islet organoids, assembled in vitro prior to transplantation is an emerging alternative to direct in vivo genetic manipulations for a number of clinical and research applications. We have previously shown that dispersion of islet cells followed by re-aggregation into islet organoids, or pseudoislets, allows for efficient transduction with viral vectors, while maintaining physiological functions of native islets. Among viruses currently used for genetic manipulations, adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have the most attractive safety profile making them suitable for gene therapy applications. Studies reporting on pseudoislet transduction with AAVs are, however, lacking. Here, we have characterized in detail the performance of AAV serotype 8 in transduction of islet cells during pseudoislet formation in comparison with human adenovirus type 5 (AdV5). We have assessed such parameters as transduction efficiency, expression kinetics, and endocrine cell tropism of AAV8 alone or in combination with AdV5. Data provided within our study may serve as a reference point for future functional studies using AAVs for gene transfer to islet cell organoids and will facilitate further development of engineered pseudoislets of superior quality suitable for clinical transplantation.</p