Disentangling the determinants of symbiotic species richness in native and invasive gammarids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Baltic region

Dispersal of alien species is a global problem threatening native biodiversity. Co-introduction of nonnative parasites and pathogens adds to the severity of this threat, but this indirect impact has received less attention. To shed light on the key factors determining the richness of microorganisms in native and invasive host species, we compared symbiotic (parasitic and epibiotic) communities of gammarids across different habitats and localities along the Baltic coast of Poland. Seven gammarid species, two native and five invasive, were sampled from 16 freshwater and brackish localities. Sixty symbiotic species of microorganisms of nine phyla were identified. This taxonomically diverse species assemblage of symbionts allowed us to assess the effect of host translocation and regional ecological determinants driving assembly richness in the gammarid hosts. Our results revealed that (i) the current assemblages of symbionts of gammarid hosts in the Baltic region are formed by native and co-introduced species; (ii) species richness of the symbiotic community was higher in the native Gammarus pulex than in the invasive hosts, probably reflecting a process of species loss by invasive gammarids in the new area and the distinct habitat conditions occupied by G. pulex and invasive hosts; (iii) both host species and locality were key drivers shaping assembly composition of symbionts, whereas habitat condition (freshwater versus brackish) was a stronger determinant of communities than geographic distance; (iv) the dispersion patterns of the individual species richness of symbiotic communities were best described by Poisson distributions; in the case of an invasive host, the dispersion of the rich species diversity may switch to a right-skewed negative binomial distribution, suggesting a host-mediated regulation process. We believe this is the first analysis of the symbiotic species richness in native and invasive gammarid hosts in European waters based on original field data and a broad range of taxonomic groups including Microsporidia, Choanozoa, Ciliophora, Apicomplexa, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Nematomorha, Acanthocephala and Rotifera, to document the patterns of species composition and distributio

Isolation of Soil Thiobacterii and Determination of Their Bio-Oxidation Activity

36 strains of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated in Southern Kazakhstan soda-saline soils and identified. Screening of strains according bio-oxidation (destruction thiosulfate to sulfate) and enzymatic (Thiosulfate dehydrogenises and thiosulfate reductase) activity was conducted. There were selected modes of aeration and culture conditions (pH, temperature), which provide optimum harvest cells. These strains can be used in bio-melioration technology

Isolation of Soil Thiobacterii and Determination of Their Bio-Oxidation Activity

36 strains of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated in Southern Kazakhstan soda-saline soils and identified. Screening of strains according bio-oxidation (destruction thiosulfate to sulfate) and enzymatic (Thiosulfate dehydrogenises and thiosulfate reductase) activity was conducted. There were selected modes of aeration and culture conditions (pH, temperature), which provide optimum harvest cells. These strains can be used in bio-melioration technology

Isolation of Soil Thiobacterii and Determination of Their Bio-Oxidation Activity

36 strains of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated in Southern Kazakhstan soda-saline soils and identified. Screening of strains according bio-oxidation (destruction thiosulfate to sulfate) and enzymatic (Thiosulfate dehydrogenises and thiosulfate reductase) activity was conducted. There were selected modes of aeration and culture conditions (pH, temperature), which provide optimum harvest cells. These strains can be used in bio-melioration technology

Effect of thermomechanical impacts on the deformation of thin polyimide films at uniaxial tension

Thermomechanical studies of the dependence of deformation on time (t) and temperature (T) for various static stresses in polyimide under uniaxial tension were carried out. Temporal deformation curves for static stresses in the range from 75 to 110 MPa consist of two stages: 1 - increase; 2 - exit to saturation, which is associated with a change in the nature of structural transformations of macromolecules, due to the action of the static stresses. An increase in temperature and voltage leads to an increase in the dependence e (Т). This is due to the intensification of the processes of structuring macromolecules with increasing temperature and are supplemented by processes of breaking bonds between macromolecules, which increase the strain rate. Experimental data are described in terms of exponential and linear models

Problemas de regulación legal de la robótica y la inteligencia artificial desde la perspectiva psicológica

The article analyzes the main problems and contradictions in the formation of legal regimes for the regulation of robotics, artificial intelligence and other innovative technologies of our time. The work content shows the unpreparedness of modern legal science and practice to conceptual and legal design, legal and technical development of the regulatory legal acts aimed at the legislative fixation and regulation of the processes of using artificial intelligence and robots in public relations, as well as definition of responsibility and appropriate protection modes of legitimate interests, rights, freedoms in the system of personality - society - state. The subject of this study is the resolution of these problems and contradictions, as well as the identification of directions for the formation of a legal framework for the regulation of modern innovative technologies and digital processes unfolding in the modern society. The authors distinguish and analyze two consecutive stages: 1) development and introduction of necessary changes in the existing branches of Russian law; 2) conceptual-legal and doctrinal-legal formulation of key development priorities, as well as creation of a new integrated branch of law - robotics law, which has an independent subject and method of legal regulation.El artículo analiza los principales problemas y contradicciones en la formación de regímenes legales para la regulación de la robótica, la inteligencia artificial y otras tecnologías innovadoras de nuestro tiempo. El contenido del trabajo muestra la falta de preparación de la ciencia y práctica legal moderna para el diseño conceptual y legal, el desarrollo legal y técnico de los actos legales regulatorios destinados a la fijación legislativa y la regulación de los procesos de uso de inteligencia artificial y robots en las relaciones públicas, así como definición de responsabilidad y modos apropiados de protección de intereses legítimos, derechos, libertades en el sistema de personalidad -sociedad -estado. El tema de este estudio es la resolución de estos problemas y contradicciones, así como la identificación de direcciones para la formación de un marco legal para la regulación de tecnologías modernas innovadoras y procesos digitales que se desarrollan en la sociedad moderna. Los autores distingueny analizan dos etapas consecutivas: 1) desarrollo e introducción de los cambios necesarios en las ramas existentes de la ley rusa; 2) formulación conceptual-legal y doctrinal-legal de prioridades clave de desarrollo, así como la creación de una nueva ramaintegrada del derecho: la ley de robótica, que tiene un tema y un método de regulación legal independientes

Problemas de regulación legal de la robótica y la inteligencia artificial desde la perspectiva psicológica

The article analyzes the main problems and contradictions in the formation of legal regimes for the regulation of robotics, artificial intelligence and other innovative technologies of our time. The work content shows the unpreparedness of modern legal science and practice to conceptual and legal design, legal and technical development of the regulatory legal acts aimed at the legislative fixation and regulation of the processes of using artificial intelligence and robots in public relations, as well as definition of responsibility and appropriate protection modes of legitimate interests, rights, freedoms in the system of personality - society - state. The subject of this study is the resolution of these problems and contradictions, as well as the identification of directions for the formation of a legal framework for the regulation of modern innovative technologies and digital processes unfolding in the modern society. The authors distinguish and analyze two consecutive stages: 1) development and introduction of necessary changes in the existing branches of Russian law; 2) conceptual-legal and doctrinal-legal formulation of key development priorities, as well as creation of a new integrated branch of law - robotics law, which has an independent subject and method of legal regulation.El artículo analiza los principales problemas y contradicciones en la formación de regímenes legales para la regulación de la robótica, la inteligencia artificial y otras tecnologías innovadoras de nuestro tiempo. El contenido del trabajo muestra la falta de preparación de la ciencia y práctica legal moderna para el diseño conceptual y legal, el desarrollo legal y técnico de los actos legales regulatorios destinados a la fijación legislativa y la regulación de los procesos de uso de inteligencia artificial y robots en las relaciones públicas, así como definición de responsabilidad y modos apropiados de protección de intereses legítimos, derechos, libertades en el sistema de personalidad -sociedad -estado. El tema de este estudio es la resolución de estos problemas y contradicciones, así como la identificación de direcciones para la formación de un marco legal para la regulación de tecnologías modernas innovadoras y procesos digitales que se desarrollan en la sociedad moderna. Los autores distingueny analizan dos etapas consecutivas: 1) desarrollo e introducción de los cambios necesarios en las ramas existentes de la ley rusa; 2) formulación conceptual-legal y doctrinal-legal de prioridades clave de desarrollo, así como la creación de una nueva ramaintegrada del derecho: la ley de robótica, que tiene un tema y un método de regulación legal independientes

Development of technology and investigation of structure and properties of composites on the basis of shungit and polymer resins

The technology for manufacturing of composites based on polymer (epoxy) resins and shungites was developed by using of the electron irradiation and experienced samples with different percentages of the components a) 90 and 10 %, b) 70 and 30 %, c) 50 and 50 %, were manufactured respectively. It was carried out the series of experimental studies of the structure and properties of the obtained materials, including the atomic force microscope images were obtained and Raman spectra of these composites were measured and their analysis was per-formed

The changes of the tubular epithelium phenotype in the contralateral kidney nephrons while developing unilateral ureteral obstruction: an experimental study

Introduction. The high prevalence of renal diseases caused by urinary tract obstruction led to the need for experimental research of compensatory and pathological processes with kidney injury. It is also of relevance to study key mechanisms providing a compensatory function of the contralateral kidney for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of obstructive renal diseases.Purpose of the study. To examine epithelial nephron cells phenotype dynamics changes in contralateral kidney using unilateral ureteral obstruction experimental model.Materials and methods. Model of unilateral ureteral obstruction was established using adult rabbits. The studies were carried out on days 7, 14 and 21 of complete obstruction of the left ureter. Immunophenotyping was performed on contralateral kidney tissue samples using epithelial (cytokeratin 7, E-cadherin) and mesenchymal (vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin) markers.Results. The contralateral kidney under additional load can maintain the morphological and functional characteristics of the nephron for a long time. The first transmogrify signs in the nephron epithelium phenotype were detected by day 21 as the diffuse appearance of mesenchymal marker vimentin with unaltered visualization of epithelial phenotype markers.Conclusion. The results obtained allow us to assume that the compensatory reserve of the contralateral kidney is gradually decreasing when the duration of the obstruction increases. Thus, the likelihood of developing negative disorders increases