Product design as a subject-stimulus for preschool children art activities in preschool age

Dizajn je u današnjem svijetu prisutan kroz mnoge aspekte naših života. No, u području likovnih aktivnosti djece predškolske dobi gotovo da se niti ne spominje. Analizom dječjih radova istražen je potencijal produkt dizajna kao teme ili poticaja za likovne aktivnosti djece predškolske dobi. Ciljevi istraživanja su ispitati postoji li veza između skice i modela stolice te u kojoj su mjeri djeca predškolske dobi sposobna izraziti načela produkt dizajna kroz skicu i model stolice. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 44 djece Dječjih vrtića „Sunčica“ i „Bubamara“ u Osijeku, koji obuhvaća djecu iz starije odgojne skupine.Design is present in today's world through many aspects of our lives. However, in the field of art activities for preschool children design barely exist. With analysis of children's art there was examined possibility of product design as a subject or stimulus for preschool art activities. Aims of research are to determine connection between sketch and model of a chair and to determine the extend to which preschool children can express the main principles of design. Research was conducted on sample of 44 children aged 5-6 attending child care „Sunčica“ and „Bubamara“ in Osijek

Effects of age on onset time and duration of sensory blockade in ultrasound guided supraclavicular block Abstract

Background and purpose: Involutive changes of brachial plexus occur with aging. The aim of this study was to determine if these changes would effect onset time and duration of sensory blockade in all four distal nerves of brachial plexus in middle aged (65 years). Materials and methods: Middle aged (N=22) and elderly patients (N=22) undergoing upper limb surgery received an ultrasound guided supraclavicular block with a mixture of local anesthetics (50 : 50, 0.5% levobupivacaine, 2% lidocaine). The prospective, observer-blinded study method is a previously validated step-up/step-down sequential model where the local anesthetic volume for each following patient is determined by the outcome of the previous block. The starting volume was 30 ml. Only the blocks with complete sensory blockade in all four regions of distal nerves were analyzed for the onset time and duration of sensory blockade. Results and conclusions: The mean (SD) block onset time was 25.8±0.6 min and the mean (SD) block duration was 151.5±8.9 min in the entire middle aged group. In the entire elderly group, the mean (SD) block onset time was 21±0.82 min and the mean (SD) block duration was 195.75±14.99 min. The difference in both, onset time and duration was significant (P=0.0002, 95%CI 3.352–6.248; P=0.0023, 95% CI 65.63–22.95, respectively). In conclusion, local anesthetics have a faster onset time and longer duration of sensory blockade in elderly due to alterations of peripheral nerves and increased sensitivity to local anesthetics

Comparison of minimum effective volume of local anesthetic for ultrasound guided supraclavicular block (MEAV95) in elderly and middle aged patients

Backgrund and purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the minimum effective volume of local anesthetic (LA) required to produce an efficient supraclavicular block in 95% of patients (MEAV95) using an ultrasound (US)-guided technique in an elderly (>65 y) and a middle aged group (<45 y) of patients. Furthermore, we aimed to calculate potency ratio of LA between the groups. We assumed a reduced MEAV95 in elderly group. Matherials and Methods: Fourty-four patients (N=22 per group) undergoing upper limb surgery received a US-guided supraclavicular block. The study method is a previously validated step-up/step-down sequential model where the volume of LA for each following patient is determined according to the outcome of the previous block. The starting volume was 30 mL; in the case of block failure, the volume was increased by 5 ml. After successful block, the volume was reduced by 5 mL. MEAV95 was calculated using probit transformation and logistic regression. Potency ratio of LA is calculated using Fieller’s method. Results and Conclusions: The calculated minimum effective anesthetic volume in 95% of patients was 16.49 mL (95% CI, 12.23–20.75 mL) in elderly and 44.52 mL (95% CI, 19.05–69.99 mL) in middle aged group (95% CI, 0.7–55.3 mL, P=0.044). A potency ratio of LA between middle aged and elderly is 2.69 (95% CI 2.13 to 3.44). The minimum volume requirement for effective US-guided supraclavicular block in 95% of elderly patients was significantly reduced. A potency ratio of 2.69 indicates almost three times stronger LA potency in the elderly

Perioperative volume replacement therapy for orthopic liver transplantation-observational, retrospective study

Cilj: Tijekom transplantacije jetre očekuju se značajni gubitci tjelesnih tekućina koje je potrebno nadoknaditi kristaloidnim i koloidnim otopinama te transfuzijom krvlju i krvnim derivatima. U studiji smo analizirali je li u petogodišnjem razdoblju promijenjen pristup intraoperacijskoj nadoknadi tekućina i krvnih derivata tijekom transplantacije jetre. Materijali i metode: U opservacijskoj retrospektivnoj studiji analizirali smo podatke ukupno 155 pacijenata kojima je transplantirana jetra u Kliničkoj bolnici Merkur, 79 tijekom 2015. godine i 76 tijekom 2010. godine. Analizirali smo ukupni gubitak krvi, ukupni uneseni volumen tekućina tijekom transplantacijskog postupka te volumen pojedinih vrsta tekućina (kristaloidi, koloidi, koncentrati eritrocita, svježe smrznuta plazma, trombociti). Statistička analiza rađena je Studentovim t-testom. Rezultati: Pacijenti su bili međusobno usporedivi po tjelesnoj masi i visini, MELD ljestvici. Ukupni gubitci krvi (ml) tijekom transplantacije jetre u 2015. i 2010. godini iznosili su: 6526± 4194 i 11122± 6685, P<0,001. Volumeni unesenih tekućina (ml) tijekom transplantacije jetre u 2015. i 2010. godini iznosili su: ukupni volumen tekućina 9640± 6017 i 18433 ± 7282, P< 0,001; kristaloidi 5077± 1443 i 5674± 2326, P=0,055; koloidi 1853± 814 i 2244± 1188, P=0,018; autologna krv 1097± 1160 i 1927± 2608, P=0,011; homologna krv 1293± 1247 i 2979± 2196, P<0,001; svježe smrznuta plazma 2244± 1523 i 5429± 1954, P<0,001; trombociti 349± 387 i 426± 313, P=0,176. Zaključci: Ovom studijom uočeno je značajno smanjenje ukupnog volumnog unosa, unosa koloidnih otopina, koncentrata eritrocita i svježe smrznute plazme tijekom transplantacije jetre u razdoblju od pet godina. Razlozi navedenog su ograničavanje perioperacijske volumne nadoknade u svrhu smanjivanja nepovoljnih učinaka volumnog preopterećenja. Ipak, najvažniji je faktor anestezijsko i kirurško iskustvo prikupljeno tijekom niza uspješnih godina u transplantacijskoj medicini.Aim: Significant fluid losses occur during liver transplantation, which need to be replaced. In this study, we analyzed whether fluid replacement strategies during liver transplantation have changed over a five-year period. Materials and Methods: In this observational, retrospective study, we collected data on 155 patients who underwent liver transplantation at the University Hospital «Merkur», 79 in 2015 and 76 in 2010. We analyzed total blood loss, total volume of replaced fluids and the volume of crystalloids, colloids, erythrocyte concentrates, fresh frozen plasma and platelets applied. We employed the Student t-test for statistical analysis. Results: Total blood losses (ml) in 2015 and 2010 were: 6526± 4194 and 11122± 6685, respectively, P<0,001. Volumes of replaced fluids (ml) in 2015 and 2010 were following: total fluid volume 9640± 6017 and 18433± 7282, P< 0,001; crystalline 5077± 1443 and 5674± 2326, P=0,055; colloids 1853± 814 and 2244± 1188, P=0,018 ; autologous blood 1097± 1160 and1927± 2608, P=0,011; homologous blood 1293± 1247 and 2979± 2196, P<0,001; fresh frozen plasma 2244± 1523 and 5429± 1954, P<0,001; platelets 349± 387 and 426± 313, P=0,176. Conclusions: This study showed a significant reduction in total fluid replacement, as well as in replacement of colloids, blood transfusion and fresh frozen plasma during liver transplantation over a period of five years. A possible explanation is a more restrictive perioperative fluid replacement strategy employed with the aim of reducing adverse effects of volume overload as well as a growing experience acquired over a number of successful years in transplantation medicine

Comparison of minimum effective volume of local anesthetic for ultrasound guided supraclavicular block (MEAV95) in elderly and middle aged patients

Backgrund and purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the minimum effective volume of local anesthetic (LA) required to produce an efficient supraclavicular block in 95% of patients (MEAV95) using an ultrasound (US)-guided technique in an elderly (>65 y) and a middle aged group (<45 y) of patients. Furthermore, we aimed to calculate potency ratio of LA between the groups. We assumed a reduced MEAV95 in elderly group. Matherials and Methods: Fourty-four patients (N=22 per group) undergoing upper limb surgery received a US-guided supraclavicular block. The study method is a previously validated step-up/step-down sequential model where the volume of LA for each following patient is determined according to the outcome of the previous block. The starting volume was 30 mL; in the case of block failure, the volume was increased by 5 ml. After successful block, the volume was reduced by 5 mL. MEAV95 was calculated using probit transformation and logistic regression. Potency ratio of LA is calculated using Fieller’s method. Results and Conclusions: The calculated minimum effective anesthetic volume in 95% of patients was 16.49 mL (95% CI, 12.23–20.75 mL) in elderly and 44.52 mL (95% CI, 19.05–69.99 mL) in middle aged group (95% CI, 0.7–55.3 mL, P=0.044). A potency ratio of LA between middle aged and elderly is 2.69 (95% CI 2.13 to 3.44). The minimum volume requirement for effective US-guided supraclavicular block in 95% of elderly patients was significantly reduced. A potency ratio of 2.69 indicates almost three times stronger LA potency in the elderly

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) in Serbia: Nationally representative sample study

Although NSSI has been drawing the attention of researchers intensely for the last 30 years, to date there is no published study about rates of NSSI behaviors in countries of south-eastern Europe. The study aimed to explore NSSI in the Republic of Serbia. Data were collected using multistage random sampling. The final sample consisted of 2792 participants (57.4% female) while the NSSI subsample consisted of 405 participants (54.3% males). Results showed the NSSI rate in Serbia is 4.3% based on a percentage of people who answered affirmatively to lifetime NSSI engagement. However, when the percentage of people who reported at least one positive answer through the NSSI behaviors checklist, the rate rises to 14.5%. The most frequent NSSI behavior is wound picking. NSSI rate drops to 8.8% when wound picking is excluded. Those engaged in NSSI were more likely to report suicide attempts and seek professional help than those who did not report NSSI. Gender differences in NSSI frequency are found only in cases of headbanging and burning oneself. This study showed the scope of NSSI-related problems is similar in Serbia compared to other countries. It also raised questions about the lack of preventive programs and treatment strategies for dealing with NSSI in Serbia.[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772598722000320]Corresponding author. Institute for Educational Research, Dobrinjska 11/3, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia. E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected] (A. Radanović)