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Metasurface design for determination of protein concentration in enzymatic reaction mixture
In the paper a standard multiwell plate structure was utilized to determine the concentration of human serum albumin in water solutions and enzymatic reaction mixtures. This study marks the first application of the multiwell plate structure as a resonant metasurface unit cell through numerical simulation using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. By adjusting the operating parameters of the proposed multiwell plate (MWP) metasurface, resonance phenomena within the microwave range could be observed. The complex permittivity (CP) values of the tested solutions, obtained experimentally using the microwave dielectrometry method, were employed for the MWP metasurface modelling. The correspondence between the resonance frequency shifts of the MWP metasurface and the changes in CP values of the tested solutions was demonstrated. For the convenience of the protein concentration determination, the concentration calibration graph was proposed. Our approach enables the detection of protein concentration in the reaction mixture after 60 minutes duration of the enzymatic reaction course. The study demonstrated the customization of metasurface dimensions to enable interaction with electromagnetic waves at specific frequencies. The availability of standard multiwell plates in different sizes allows for testing solutions across various frequency ranges
Developing studentsβ intercultural communicative competence in foreign language classroom
Current social and economic changes have significantly influenced the tourism industry worldwide turning it into a diversified sphere of activity aimed at servicing tourists and meeting their needs. As tourist travels continue to grow throughout the world, they cause extensive cross-cultural contacts between different language and cultural groups. Thus, higher educational establishments of tourism profile have an important task to train competent specialists able to interact effectively at the intercultural level. In our article, based on the experience of teaching masterβs degree students majoring in international tourism at Lviv Polytechnic National University, we analysed possibilities of ICC development in ESP classes by means of flipped classroom method, role plays, discussions and a special course βCross-cultural communication in religious tourismβ designed by the authors. As shown by the results of our study, the methods and resources used in our ESP classes may be particularly appropriate for the development of studentsβ ICC because they provide the basis for intercultural communication, ensure the link between the learning and real life and thus make the development of ICC more meaningful to learners
ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ² Π½Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΊΡΠΈ
The object of research is the efficiency of exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF) of ultra-low intensity on biological objects, which is formed by a generator of broadband radiation. The principle of action of the generator is based on formation of electromagnetic radiation induced by periodic pulsed gas discharge in coaxial system of electrodes, which is loaded on a dielectric rod antenna. The method of selection of signals and corresponding equipment, which energy characteristics of radiation correspond to the criterion of non-thermal influence on bioobjects, is developed for obtaining a comparative assessment of influence bioefficiency. The proposed new method for processing experimental data using statistical calculations that meet the requirements for the processing and interpretation of the results. The seeds of wheat and interaction of millimeter range electromagnetic oscillations with bone marrow cells of rats were used as biological objects for investigating the effect of millimeter range electromagnetic oscillations. A biosensory effect was obtained when exposed to broadband radiation of ultra-low intensity, compared to the control sample. A change in the properties of the seeds, in particular, heat resistance, is observed. According to the experimental data, seeds turn out to be less susceptible to heat as a result of their pretreatment with EMF. The biological response is observed to depend on the frequency and time of irradiation. Also, the dependence of the decrease in the number of dead cells on the time of EMF irradiation was experimentally proved. The equation of dependence of selective average proportion of dead cells in rat bone marrow on irradiation time was calculated. Biosensory effect of exposure to broadband ultra-low intensity EMF of the developed emitter was revealed. It was established and statistically proved that the minimum time with the maximum positive effect of exposure to electromagnetic radiation of millimeter range on bone marrow cells of rats is 30 minutes, compared with an unirradiated sample. The results make it possible to evaluate the positive effect of electromagnetic oscillations on biological objects and propose the results of studies for practical use in the development of medical systems.ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ (ΠΠΠ) ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ (ΠΠ), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΆΠ½Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° ΠΊΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ½, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠ. ΠΠ°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ. Π Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΠ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° (ΠMΠ ΠΠΠ) Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 30 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ.ΠΠ±βΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ (ΠΠΠ) Π½Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΊΡΠΈ (ΠΠ), ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ Π΄ΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ Π±Π°Π·ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ, Π·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ², Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΆΠ½Π΅Π²Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ² Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ, Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π½Π° Π±ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΊΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠ², ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²iΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²iΠ΄Π°Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ° iΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ². Π ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ° Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ². ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π· ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½Π° Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ, Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ³ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π· Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠ. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π³ΡΠΊΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡi ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ EMΠ. Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ² Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΠ Π½Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Ρ Π· ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ (EMB ΠΠΠ) Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ 30 Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½, Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π· Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΠ ΡΠ° Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ
Study of the Effects of Ultra-low Intensity Electromagnetic Fields on Biological Objects
The object of research is the efficiency of exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF) of ultra-low intensity on biological objects, which is formed by a generator of broadband radiation. The principle of action of the generator is based on formation of electromagnetic radiation induced by periodic pulsed gas discharge in coaxial system of electrodes, which is loaded on a dielectric rod antenna. The method of selection of signals and corresponding equipment, which energy characteristics of radiation correspond to the criterion of non-thermal influence on bioobjects, is developed for obtaining a comparative assessment of influence bioefficiency. The proposed new method for processing experimental data using statistical calculations that meet the requirements for the processing and interpretation of the results. The seeds of wheat and interaction of millimeter range electromagnetic oscillations with bone marrow cells of rats were used as biological objects for investigating the effect of millimeter range electromagnetic oscillations. A biosensory effect was obtained when exposed to broadband radiation of ultra-low intensity, compared to the control sample. A change in the properties of the seeds, in particular, heat resistance, is observed. According to the experimental data, seeds turn out to be less susceptible to heat as a result of their pretreatment with EMF. The biological response is observed to depend on the frequency and time of irradiation. Also, the dependence of the decrease in the number of dead cells on the time of EMF irradiation was experimentally proved. The equation of dependence of selective average proportion of dead cells in rat bone marrow on irradiation time was calculated. Biosensory effect of exposure to broadband ultra-low intensity EMF of the developed emitter was revealed. It was established and statistically proved that the minimum time with the maximum positive effect of exposure to electromagnetic radiation of millimeter range on bone marrow cells of rats is 30 minutes, compared with an unirradiated sample. The results make it possible to evaluate the positive effect of electromagnetic oscillations on biological objects and propose the results of studies for practical use in the development of medical systems
Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° Π² Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΡ
In the paper a standard multiwell plate structure was utilized to determine the concentration of human serum albumin in water solutions and enzymatic reaction mixtures. This study marks the first application of the multiwell plate structure as a resonant metasurface unit cell through numerical simulation using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. By adjusting the operating parameters of the proposed multiwell plate (MWP) metasurface, resonance phenomena within the microwave range could be observed. The complex permittivity (CP) values of the tested solutions, obtained experimentally using the microwave dielectrometry method, were employed for the MWP metasurface modelling. The correspondence between the resonance frequency shifts of the MWP metasurface and the changes in CP values of the tested solutions was demonstrated. For the convenience of the protein concentration determination, the concentration calibration graph was proposed. Our approach enables the detection of protein concentration in the reaction mixture after 60 minutes duration of the enzymatic reaction course. The study demonstrated the customization of metasurface dimensions to enable interaction with electromagnetic waves at specific frequencies. The availability of standard multiwell plates in different sizes allows for testing solutions across various frequency ranges.Π£ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΌΡΠ½Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
ΡΠ° Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΌΡΡΠ°Ρ
. Π¦Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ COMSOL Multiphysics. Π Π΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Ρ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ², ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ Π·ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Π·ΠΌΡΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΡΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ 60-Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ³Ρ Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π· Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ°ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
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