PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR THE TEACHER OF NATURE DISCIPLINES IN HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION

The article considers the main psychological and pedagogical tools of the teacher in the field of fundamental training of applicants for higher medical education in the discipline “Medical and Biological Physics”. The role of the teacher of the cycle of fundamental training in medical education and the pedagogical tools he or she uses deserve special attention. The stimulating influence and effect on the internal (why the student should do it) and external (in what conditions the student will do it) motivation of the student by the teacher is very important. The contemporary teacher must also restructure his/her activities because of new challenges in the education system and deviate from traditional methods, pursue permanent selfimprovement, adapt to the way of thinking of students, understand and analyze it to be able to moderate the educational process, more widely use interactive methods and creative, individual approach focused on students, be practically oriented, innovative, etc. The modern medicine has made a great step forward thanks to the development of new technologies based on the achievements of information, mathematical and natural sciences. Therefore, it is important for the future physician to know the basic laws of nature, including physical laws, which are basic for the disciplines of the clinical cycle. The discipline «Medical and Biological Physics» was formed at the intersection of physics, biology, chemistry and medicine and is one of the most important in the preparation of future physicians. The historical progress of medical education in our country gives convincing information about the close relationship between natural sciences and clinical departments, which is a guarantee of quality in fundamental training of graduates. Today’s medicine widely uses the results of theoretical and experimental achievements in the field of physics, so the study of biological physics is important in the professional development and growth of the future competitive specialist, in the development of his/her personality. If the motivation to study other disciplines of natural sciences is sometimes present, so to speak, “by default”, and an additional stimulus for such studies is their inclusion into the structure of licensed exams, the discipline “Medical and Biological Physics” requires additional stimuli and pedagogical tools, namely: – clear, logical structuring of the lesson to systematize the material; – modeling of problem situations; – moderation of the educational process; – encouragement of independent and in-depth study of some issues, and others. Finding and using effective incentives to motivate students is the key to improving their academic performance, which in turn is reflected in the future in their professional competence development. The main role in this process undoubtedly belongs to the teacher and well-chosen pedagogical tools. The additional stimuli and pedagogical tools described in the article increase the motivation to study biological physics and understand its importance. Often the students’ argument against studying this discipline is the lack of time, and this is another problem of first year students which needs to be addressed – their irrationality in planning their time

Enhancement of polymer endurance to UV light by incorporation of semiconductor nanoparticles

Improvement of polyvinyl alcohol stability against ultraviolet (UV) illumination is achieved by introducing cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles into the polymeric matrix. Enhancement of stability is analyzed by optical characterization methods. UV protection is achieved by diminishing the probability of photo-activated formation of defects in polymer. The sources of polymer protection are the lowering of the efficiency of polymer excitation via partial absorption of incident light by the embedded nanoparticles as well as the de-excitation of the macromolecules that have already absorbed UV quanta via energy drain to nanoparticles. Within the nanoparticles, the energy is either dissipated by conversion to the thermal energy or reemitted as visible-range photoluminescence quanta.Funding Agencies|Swedish Institute via Visby program</p

MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS AS AN EDUCATION COMPONENT IN THE STRUGGLE AGAINST TOBACCO SMOKING

This paper discusses the role of the discipline “Medical and Biological Physics” in the area of medical education as a component of educational work upon the negative impact of smoking on human health. Some Ukrainian legislative acts for regulation of tobacco smoking are emphasized. Statistical data of tobacco smoking in Ukraine are shown. The problem of smoking, the use of electronic cigarettes and their effects on human health are intensively studied in the research of Ukrainian and foreign authors, but the description of negative smoking impact is not presented from the point of view of physical processes. Therefore, it became necessary to illustrate the most important problems from the point of view of medical physics The latest medical data allows including in the educational process on the discipline “medical and biological physics” some information about the negative effects of smoking on processes and phenomena in the human body, interpreting them from a physical point of view. The medical and biological orientation of the discipline is shown. The paper illustrates examples from this topic with the description of physical phenomena and physical regularities which explain the results of tobacco smoking. They are applied in educational process of the Biological Physics and Medical Informatics Department at the Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine “Bukovinian State Medical University”. The most important examples in studying tobacco influence on human health are discussed in the lessons on: “Ultrasound, its application in treatment and diagnostics”, “Fluid mechanics. Viscosity of liquids”, “Liquids surface tension”, “Thermal radiation of biological objects”, “Radioactivity. Dosimetry” The relationship between clinical subjects and medical and biological physics is shown

Actualization of Physical and Mathematical Education in Doctor Training by Using Educational Cases

У цій статті представлено навчальний кейс, присвячений розвитку компетентностей лікаря щодо використання ультразвуку (УЗ) в медицині, який застосовується на практичному занятті дисципліни природничого циклу «Медична та біологічна фізика» для студентів першого року навчання з напрямку підготовки «Медицина». Кейс-метод особливий тим, що одночасно розглядається конкретна практична ситуація й відбувається процес реалізації конкретних знань. Студентам-медикам важливо навчитись нестандартно мислити, діяти, вміло оперувати отриманими знаннями. Даний метод стимулює активну діяльність студентів, сприяє підвищенню мотивації до навчання, розвитку самостійного мислення, вміння прислуховуватись до думки інших (стимулює командний вид діяльності), швидко реагувати на вирішення конкретної поставленої задачі, зменшує кількість незалучених до обговорення теми конкретного заняття студентів, творчо підходити до розв’язання проблем, готовність до дії в нестандартних умовах, що є однією із важливих складових майбутньої професії. Кейси були практично апробовані й отримали схвальні відгуки студентів. Студенти впевнені, що вони випробували модель прийняття рішення, яку зможуть використати у реальному житті. Отримані знання з фізико-математичної дисципліни в майбутньому дозволять їм швидше зорієнтуватися в клінічних випадках. На нашу думку, і це є предметом подальших наукових досліджень, ґрунтовність фізико-математичних знань в рамках вивчення фундаментальних дисциплін до переліку яких входить «Медична та біологічна фізика», підвищує ефективність засвоєння клінічних дисциплін на достатньому рівні професійної компетенції. Враховуючи результати спостережень та аналіз успішності студентів з використанням кейсів та за рахунок занурення студентів у реалії майбутньої професії, їх застосування – перспективний напрямок актуалізації фізикоматематичної освіти в підготовці медичних працівників.This article presents a case study on the development of physician competencies in the use of ultrasound (US) in medicine and which is used in the practical lesson of the discipline of natural cycle "Medical and Biological Physics" for students of the first year of training in "Medicine". The case method is valuable because at the same time a specific practical situation is considered and the process of realization of specific knowledge takes place. Medical cases, in contrast to economic, pedagogical, and others, are purposefully applied and contribute to the formation of professional competencies by analyzing a specific situation. This method stimulates active activity of students, increases motivation to study, development of independent thinking, ability to listen to opinion of others (i.e. stimulates team activity), to react quickly to the decision of the concrete task, reduces quantity of students not involved in discussion of a subject of concrete employment, creative approach to solve problems, readiness to act in non-standard conditions, which is one of the important components of the future profession. It is important for medical students to learn to think outside the box, to act, to skillfully operate with the acquired knowledge. The cases were practically tested and received positive feedback from students. Students are confident that they have experienced a decision-making model that they can use in real life that the knowledge gained will allow them to navigate more quickly in clinical cases that will be considered in the future. In our opinion, this is the subject of further scientific research, to consider a possible clinical case in the study of clinical disciplines in senior courses, medical student approaches having mastered a sufficient level of professional competencies in the study of fundamental disciplines, which includes "Medical and Biological Physics". Given the results of observations and analysis of student performance using cases, their application is a promising area for improving and enhancing the effectiveness of teaching medical students by immersing students in the realities of the future profession

Luminescent and Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Studies of CdS/PVA Nanocomposite

A series of solid nanocomposites containing CdS nanoparticles in polymeric matrix with varied conditions on the interface particle/polymer was fabricated and studied by photoluminescence (PL) and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) methods. The results revealed interface-related features in both PL and ODMR spectra. The revealed paramagnetic centers are concluded to be involved in the processes of photo-excited carriers relaxation.Funding Agencies|Volkswagen Foundation; Swedish Institute via Visby program; National Academy of Science of Ukraine [26/17-H]</p