Innovative approach to diagnosing the development of net blotch in winter barley

The article demonstrates the possibility of applying intelligent digital technologies to forecast the development of net blotch disease in winter barley caused by Pyrenophora teres. The obtained intelligent solution in the form of a binary decision tree has the ability to determine scenarios of net blotch development into three classes: depressive, moderate, and epiphytotic. To effectively train the model during the period from 2021 to 2023, field and laboratory experiments were conducted on the research sites of the Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection. The experiments collected data on the degree of leaf damage, the type of resistance of the variety, the growth phase at which primary infection occurred, and the average relative air humidity during the vegetation period in which infection occurred. The total sample size was 249 observations. The trained model demonstrated high classification accuracy on both the training and test sets, with an accuracy rate exceeding 0.96 and 0.92, respectively. The study shows that the innovative method discussed in the article for forecasting the development of net blotch in winter barley can be successfully integrated into the overall strategy of phytosanitary diagnostics of grain crops, including barley

Polyelectrolyte Nanocomplexes with pH-controlled Solubility

The prepared polyelectrolyte complexes of anionic copolymer of divinyl ester and maleic anhydride and cationic water soluble chitosan proved to be able to undergo reversible phase transition, in particular at physiological pH and ionic strength. Formation of either soluble or insoluble complexes occurred depending on pH value, charge ratio and degree of polymerization of the polymers. The stability of positively or negatively charged complexes against destruction action of the added salt drastically increased in acidic media presumably owing to H-bonds formation. According to light-scattering data, the size of the soluble complexes varied from 100 to 300 nm and remained virtually unchanged under storage after lyophilizing drying and resuspending in the same medium. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3546

High-pressure DC resistance of ZrO₂

The resistance and thermoelectromotive force (TEMF) of Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂ have been investigated in the pressure and temperature range between 15 and 50 GPa, and 77 and 400 K, respectively. At a pressure of about 35 GPa the resistance of the sample decreases by 3-4 orders of magnitude. At a pressure of about 42 GPa the anomalies in the pressure dependence of the resistance, TEMF and of the parameters which depend on the concentration, mobility, and activation energy of the charge carriers were found

Роль нарушений идиотип-антиидиотипических взаимодействий в формировании замедления негативации серологических реакций у пациентов с ранними формами сифилиса, получавших специфическую терапию

Goal. To study the humoral immunity state in patients with the slowed down achievement of negative serologic reactions after the treatment of early onset forms of syphilis by means of examining the blood serum level of idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies to cardiolipin and p17 Treponema Pallidum antigenic protein. Materials and methods. The study involved 324 patients (39.5% male and 60.5% female) with the slowed down achievement of negative serologic reactions. Primary (idiotypic) antibodies to cardiolipin and p17 protein were obtained using immunochromatographic assays with the help of the Bio Logik LP system. Purified antibodies were concentrated using the ultrafiltration technique with the aid of the XM-100А membrane. To obtain the rabbit antiserum to p17 Treponema Pallidum protein, chinchilla rabbits were immunized using the commercial recombinant p17 protein. To determine anti-cardiolipin idiotypic antibodies in the blood serum, the ELISa method optimized for detecting anti-cardiolipin antibodies was applied. To determine anti-cardiolipin anti-idiotypic antibodies as well as idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies to p17 Treponema Pallidum protein, the standard ELISA method was applied. The following antigens were used to process the pads: F(ab)2 fragments of anti-cardiolipin antibodies (5 μg/mL), recombinant р17 T. pallidum protein (5 μg/mL) and F(ab)2 fragments of antibodies to р17 T. pallidum protein (10 μg/mL). The level of antibodies was assessed based on the absorbancy and expressed in conventional activity units using the K coefficient being the absorbancy of the serum under examination to the mean absorbancy of control serums ratio. The K value exceeding 1.5 conventional units indicated the increased level of antibodies. Results. Patients with the slowed down achievement of negative serologic reactions demonstrated a selective increase in the level of anti-idiotypic antibodies (AIAB) relative to T. pallidum antigens, cardiolipin and p17 protein, vs. first-order antibodies, which points at abnormal mutual regulation between idiotypic antibodies (IAB) and AIAB; the discovered phenomenon lays the immunochemical basis for the formation of a self-sustaining “vicious circle” contributing to the induction of high levels of antibodies to treponema antigens even when the pathogen was destroyed.Цель. Исследование состояния гуморального иммунитета у пациентов с замедлением негативации серологических реакций после лечения ранних форм сифилиса путем изучения содержания в сыворотке крови идиотипических (ИАТ) и антиидиотипических антител (АИАТ) к кардиолипину и р17 антигенному белку Treponema pallidum. Материал и методы. Обследованы 324 пациента (39,5% мужчин, 60,5% женщин) с замедлением негативации серологических реакций. Первичные (идиотипические) антитела к кардиолипину и белку р17 получали с помощью иммуноаффинной хроматографии с использованием системы Bio Logik LP. Очищение антитела концентрировали методом ультрафильтрации на мембране ХМ-100А. Для получения кроличьей антисыворотки к белку р17 T. pallidum проводили иммунизацию кроликов породы шиншилла коммерческим рекомбинантным белком р17. Для определения ИАТ к кардиолипину в сыворотке крови использовали методику иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА), оптимизированную для определения кардиолипиновых антител. Для определения АИАТ к кардиолипину, ИАТ и АИАТ к антигенному белку р17 T. pallidum применяли стандартную методику постановки ИФА. Для обработки планшет использовали следующие антигены: F(ab)2-фрагменты антител к кардиолипину (5 мкг/мл), рекомбинантный белок р17 T. pallidum (5 мкг/мл) и F(ab)2-фрагменты антител к белку р17 T. pallidum (10 мкг/мл). Уровень антител оценивали по оптической плотности (ОП) и выражали в условных единицах активности (усл. ед.) коэффициентом К, представляющим собой отношение значения ОП исследуемой сыворотки к среднему значению ОП контрольных сывороток. О наличии повышенного уровня антител свидетельствовало значение К, превышающее 1,5 усл. ед. Результаты. У пациентов с замедлением негативации серологических реакций показано избирательное повышение уровня АИАТ к антигенам T. pallidum - кардиолипину и белку р17 - по сравнению с антителами первого порядка, что является показателем нарушения взаимной регуляции между ИАТ и АИАТ; выявленный феномен является иммунохимической основой формирования самоподдерживающегося «порочного круга», способствующего индукции высокого уровня антител к антигенам трепонемы даже после устранения возбудителя

Changing Asian mountain steppes require better conservation for endangered Argali sheep

We present a rare insight into the biodiversity of a remote, mountainous area of central Asia and outline challenges to conserve the critically endangered keystone argali (Ovis ammon ammon L.), the largest subspecies of mountain sheep. Existing conservation is set in the context of competition with livestock grazing and disturbance by local pastoralists. We suggest how this pressure would increase as pastures become degraded by a future more arid climate. Focusing on the transboundary population, migrating between the Russian and Mongolian Altai over the Sailugem Ridge, we track historical population numbers. Due to increased protection, the argali’s local population is currently growing. However, most argali populations live outside the protected areas where they are forced to compete for forage with livestock. Due to ever-increasing anthropogenic pressures, argali has almost reached the region’s environmental capacity, so the number of local populations is decreasing. Consequently, even the current situation requires more areas of protection, and climate change will accelerate pasture degradation, thereby further increasing competition with livestock. We present various ways to predict the impacts of changes in climate, e.g., the “7 M’s approach” and grazing pressure and then recommend additional conservation measures acceptable for the indigenous population of traditional pastoralists

BIOSOCIAL FACTORS AND PSYCHOVEGETATIVE PECULIARITIES IN FORMATION OF ADAPTATION ABNORMALITIES IN CHILDREN WITH GROWTH RETARDATION

110 children aged 7-16 with growth retardation have been under the study. Children with different clinical variants of growth retardation are characterized by individual clinical psychophysiological peculiarities. The cause-effect relation of biosocial factors, psychovegetative changes and high morbidity rate of children with growth retardation established in the research point out to their adaptation abnormalities, that require a differentiated approach to the development of rehabilitation programs

Registration of atmospheric neutrinos with the Baikal neutrino telescope

We present first neutrino induced events observed with a deep underwater neutrino telescope. Data from 70 days effective life time of the BAIKAL prototype telescope NT-96 have been analyzed with two different methods. With the standard track reconstruction method, 9 clear upward muon candidates have been identified, in good agreement with 8.7 events expected from Monte Carlo calculations for atmospheric neutrinos. The second analysis is tailored to muons coming from close to the opposite zenith. It yields 4 events, compared to 3.5 from Monte Carlo expectations. From this we derive a 90 % upper flux limit of 1.1 * 10^-13 cm^-2 sec^-1 for muons in excess of those expected from atmospheric neutrinos with zenith angle > 150 degrees and energy > 10GeV.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figure

The illegal organizations of the school pupils in the Soviet Union of Great Terror Period

The article is devoted to the investigation of juvenile delinquent and illegal political groups in years 1936-1938.Despite of high tension in the society, teenagers and youth of that period did not leave the attempts to create illegal and alternative of pioneers and komsomol self-made organizations. Оn the basis of archive sources the author restores the full list of such groups, analyzes their membership, plans, methods and the results of activity. The article reconstructs the motives of different types of behavior, reveals the connections between delinquenсy and political protest in juvenile activities. As the result of the realized investigation the author makes the conclusion about the reasons of low weight of the mostly oppositional groups among teenagers and youth of that period