Forme dell’Alto Adriatico: i sensi opposti del mare

Il contributo intende mostrare come la lezione che il mare impartisce dal punto di vista ambientalista e dal punto di vista delle tecniche di sfruttamento delle sue risorse contraddice ogni nozione statica, isolata e autonoma di identità. La concorrenza e l’interscambio di ambienti marini diversi per il ciclo di vita del pescato dimostra tutta la artificialità delle frontiere umane. Il microcosmo del golfo di Trieste può così diventare un case study per una svolta culturale della città, ancora impigliata nei suoi nazionalismi passati e presenti e nella giustapposizione di lingue, etnie e religioni. Il recupero della comune civiltà marittima dell’Alto Adriatico e della sua dimensione estetica, a partire dallo scambio di narrazioni circa il proprio rapporto con il mare, è visto come necessario per fare oggi di Trieste il laboratorio di una nuova etica di frontiera

Adaptação transcultural do instrumento CALCULATE para o português brasileiro: lesão por pressão em terapia intensiva

Objetivo: Realizar a adaptação transcultural do CALCULATE para o português brasileiro.Método: Estudo metodológico, desenvolvido de janeiro a dezembro de 2021 e dividido em seis etapas: tradução, síntese, retrotradução, comitê de especialistas com aplicação de índice de validade de conteúdo, pré-teste em 40 pacientes adultos e envio às autoras. O estudo ocorreu nas unidades de terapia intensiva em hospital público de ensino de nível terciário no interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O CALCULATE original tem oito itens de avaliação (fatores de risco) e é estratificado com escore 0-3 (alto risco) e 4-8 (risco muito alto).Resultados: Após avaliação dos especialistas, a validade de conteúdo final foi de 0,9. Eles sugeriram palavras e frases que deveriam sofrer alterações quanto às equivalências textuais, assim como definições de siglas e terminologias. No pré-teste, os itens foram avaliados como adequados na compreensão; apenas um item precisou de explicação complementar para adequação.Conclusão: Foi realizada a adaptação transcultural do CALCULATE para o português do Brasil, a qual revelou ter bom índice de validade de conteúdo, sendo verificada a pertinência e relevância de seus itens. O CALCULATE está adequado para utilização em unidades de terapia intensiva e centros de pesquisa e ensino.Descritores: Úlcera por pressão. Unidades de terapia intensiva. Medição de risco. Tradução. Comparação transcultural. Pesquisa metodológica em enfermagem

Association between Genotype of the Serotonin Transporter-Linked Polymorphic Region of the Serotonin Transporter Gene and Age of Onset of Methamphetamine Use: a Preliminary Analysis

Early-onset methamphetamine use increases the lifetime prevalence of methamphetamine dependence. An earlier onset of methamphetamine use leads to greater damage to the terminal ends of serotonin neurons, more reduction in serotonin transporter (5-HTT) density, and an increased propensity toward further methamphetamine use. Because the 5-HTT-linked polymorphic region (5′-HTTLPR) within the promoter region of the 5-HTT gene leads to differential expression of the 5-HTT, we examined, for the first time, whether there is a differential association between the long (L) and short (S) alleles of the 5′-HTTLPR and the age of first methamphetamine use (AMU). The study included 120 methamphetamine-dependent adults of European descent. Diagnosis of methamphetamine dependence and AMU were collected using structured questionnaires, and the 5′-HTTLPR genotypes were determined using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Statistical analysis with the general linear model detected a significant interactive effect of 5′-HTTLPR genotypes (SS vs. L-carriers) and gender, associated with AMU (F = 3.99; p = 0.048). Further analysis of 5′-HTTLPR effects on AMU in males and females separately showed that the SS genotype compared with L-carriers had about two times greater risk of an earlier onset of methamphetamine use in men (hazard ratio = 1.839; 95% confidence interval = 1.042–3.246; p = 0.036) but not in women. Together, our findings in this preliminary study suggest a greater risk for earlier onset methamphetamine use associated with the SS genotype of the 5′-HTTLPR among methamphetamine-dependent Caucasian males

Will Nicotine Genetics and a Nicotine Vaccine Prevent Cigarette Smoking and Smoking-Related Diseases?

Hall argues that the preventive use of genetic and vaccine biotechnologies is a superficially attractive tobacco policy option of doubtful efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and ethicality

Longitudinal analysis of HIV-risk behaviors of participants in a randomized trial of prison-initiated buprenorphine

It has been estimated that approximately 15% of people who are incarcerated in the US have histories of opioid use disorder. Relapse to opioid use after release from prison poses a serious risk of HIV infection. Prison-initiated buprenorphine may help to reduce HIV infection given the association between opioid use and HIV-risk behaviors.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13722-019-0172-

Lesão por pressão em instituições de longa permanência para idosos: uma revisão integrativa / Pressure injury in long-term institutions for the elderly: an integrative review

Objetivo: Analisar os aspectos que permeiam o desenvolvimento da lesão por pressão em instituições de longa permanência para idosos. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, no período de 2015 a 2020, com busca nas plataformas/bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Biomedical Answers (EMBASE) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Foi utilizada a estratégia PICO para o desenvolvimento da pergunta norteadora: “Quais aspectos permeiam o desenvolvimento da LPP em idosos institucionalizados em instituições de longa permanência?”. Resultados: Do total de 172 publicações, após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 13 compuseram a amostra final. As publicações foram descritas em um quadro, e, posteriormente, categorizadas em prevalência, incidência, influência, tratamento e prevenção. Conclusão: A manutenção da integridade da pele torna-se essencial e deve incluir práticas de cuidado que abordem fatores comportamentais e fisiológicos dos idosos, já que estes contribuem para a prevenção e tratamento da lesão por pressão, que corresponde a um dos indicadores de qualidade da assistência e segurança do paciente. 

Cross-cultural adaptation of the CALCULATE instrument into Brazilian Portuguese: pressure injury in intensive care

ABSTRACT Objective: To perform the cross-cultural adaptation of CALCULATE for Brazilian Portuguese. Method: A methodological study conducted from January to December 2021, divided into six stages: translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee with the application of the content validity index, pre-testing in 40 adult patients, and submission to the authors. The study took place in the intensive care units of a public tertiary teaching hospital in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The original CALCULATE has eight risk assessment items and is stratified with a score of 0-3 (high risk) and 4-8 (very high risk). Results: After expert evaluation, the final content validity was 0.9. They suggested words and phrases that should undergo changes regarding textual equivalences, as well as definitions of acronyms and terminologies. In the pre-test, the items were assessed as suitable for understanding; only one item required additional explanation for adequacy. Conclusion: The cross-cultural adaptation of CALCULATE for Brazilian Portuguese was successfully performed, revealing a good content validity index, confirming the relevance and appropriateness of its items. CALCULATE is suitable for use in intensive care units and research and teaching centers

Cost-Effectiveness of Peer-Delivered Interventions for Cocaine and Alcohol Abuse among Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To determine whether the additional interventions to standard care are cost-effective in addressing cocaine and alcohol abuse at 4 months (4 M) and 12 months (12 M) from baseline.</p> <h3>Method</h3><p>We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of a randomized controlled trial with three arms: (1) NIDA's Standard intervention (SI); (2) SI plus a Well Woman Exam (WWE); and, (3) SI, WWE, plus four Educational Sessions (4ES).</p> <h3>Results</h3><p>To obtain an additional cocaine abstainer, WWE compared to SI cost $7,223 at 4 M and$3,611 at 12 M. Per additional alcohol abstainer, WWE compared to SI cost $3,611 and$7,223 at 4 M and 12 M, respectively. At 12 M, 4ES was dominated (more costly and less effective) by WWE for abstinence outcomes.</p> <h3>Conclusions</h3><p>To our knowledge, this is the first cost-effectiveness analysis simultaneously examining cocaine and alcohol abuse in women. Depending on primary outcomes sought and priorities of policy makers, peer-delivered interventions can be a cost-effective way to address the needs of this growing, underserved population.</p> <h3>Trial Registration</h3><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01235091">NCT01235091</a></p> </div

Abnormal White Matter Integrity in Adolescents with Internet Addiction Disorder: A Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Study

Background: Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is currently becoming a serious mental health issue around the globe. Previous studies regarding IAD were mainly focused on associated psychological examinations. However, there are few studies on brain structure and function about IAD. In this study, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate white matter integrity in adolescents with IAD. Methodology/Principal Findings: Seventeen IAD subjects and sixteen healthy controls without IAD participated in this study. Whole brain voxel-wise analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) was performed by tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to localize abnormal white matter regions between groups. TBSS demonstrated that IAD had significantly lower FA than controls throughout the brain, including the orbito-frontal white matter, corpus callosum, cingulum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and corona radiation, internal and external capsules, while exhibiting no areas of higher FA. Volume-of-interest (VOI) analysis was used to detect changes of diffusivity indices in the regions showing FA abnormalities. In most VOIs, FA reductions were caused by an increase in radial diffusivity while no changes in axial diffusivity. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between FA and behavioral measures within the IAD group. Significantly negative correlations were found between FA values in the left genu of the corpus callosum and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, and between FA values in the left external capsule and the Young’s Internet addiction scale