INFLUENCE OF THE NUMBER OF PASSES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ON PENETRATION RESISTANCE AND THE DEGREE OF SOIL COMPACTION

In the context of the ongoing development of mechanized agriculture, which implies the use of heavy agricultural machinery, often on soils with high moisture content, it increased significantly the risk of soil compaction. Compaction has become a problem of major proportions especially to farmers, because this phenomenon causes environmental damage, and affects soil quality and crop production. Penetration resistance is a valuable and easy to determine indicator of the degree of compaction of agricultural soil. In this paper are presented the results of some experimental research conducted to determine the penetration resistance of a plot of clover, under the influence of the number of passes of a tractor, in order to assess, from an qualitative point of view, the degree of soil compaction

RESEARCHES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF WET SATURATED STEAM DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT

Distillation is a conventional method of extracting volatile oils from medicinal and aromatic plants. This is defined as a process of separating the components of a mixture that is based on the difference between the vaporization temperatures of the constituents, respectively water and oil when distilling medicinal plants. Distillation can be performed in three ways: distillation with water, by boiling the mixture of plants and water, condensation of resulting vapours and separation of oil, distillation with water and steam, in which the steam obtained by evaporating a quantity of water passes through the plant batch; steam distillation under pressure provided by an external generator, a process named in the literature and steam entrainment. The steam distillation process is applicable to many medicinal and aromatic plants that grow in our country. The extraction of volatile oils through this process depends on the different characteristics of the plants but also on the main parameters of the process, pressure and temperature, which are different

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE USE OF EQUIPMENT FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF WATER COLLECTION BASINS FROM PRECIPITATION AND FROM THE USE OF SPRAY IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

Global warming has been growing rapidly lately, which implies an increasing need for water for the good development of agricultural crops. To allow the recovery of a significant amount of water from rainfall or irrigation, reducing the amount of energy necessary for irrigation but also for soil losses caused by the phenomenon of erosion or puddling, works are introduced in crop technologies with the help of which this recovery can be achieved. This paper presents equipment used for the execution of rainwater catchment basins and the use of sprinkler irrigation systems

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE CONDITIONS OF USING TRACTOR-TRAILER COUPLING DEVICES

Coupling devices can be one of the main causes of accidents on public roads dueto the use of inadequate systems (both on tractors and also on trailers or agricultural machinery), this mainly due to the fact that the systems in question were built most of the times without taking into account the national, European and international regulations that are in force. The paper presents a few aspects regarding the coupling (traction) devices, the conditions of use and the tests that are necessary to be performed for approval before being used on public roads

THEORETICAL RESEARCH ON THE WORKING PROCESS OF COMPLEX AGGREGATES FOR SOIL TILLAGE - REVIEW

The paper presents a summary of theoretical research developed in the country, related to the design and optimization of complex aggregates for soil processing and the improvement of their quality indices of work

ASPECTS ON MECHANICAL FILTERING IN AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS

Filtering plays an essential part in the process of intensive fish farming, because faeces and unconsumed food remain in the water inside the basins where the fish are raised and in time generate bacteria and infections that lead to the death of fish. Therefore, the water in these basins is permanently recycled in order to be filtered and refreshed, this paper presenting the actuated filtering systems used in the country and worldwide in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) for intensive fish farming

STATE OF THE ART REGARDING CONSERVATIVE TILLAGE TECHNOLOGIES

Following the expansion of soil degradation processes due to conventional agriculture and technological mistakes, over the years, the so-called conservative agricultural technologies have been studied and implemented in practice. These technologies have contributed substantially to the improvement of soil fertility and productivity and, thus, of other environmental resources. The most important component of conservation technological systems, as in the case of conventional ones, is soil tillage – loosening and processing – and the introduction of seed into the soil. Switching from conventional tillage systems to the conservative ones was not easy and generated a lot of questions that needed relevant answers, scientifically based, some of them being obtained through fundamental and applied research carried out under local specific conditions. Conservative systems are based on the less intense loosening of soil, made by different methods, without furrow return and only while maintaining a given amount of crop residues on soil surface, is being considered for this reason as environmental protection strategies. In this paper is presented an analysis of the state of research on the implementation in agriculture of conservative tillage technologies and the technical-economic and environmental impacts of applying these conservative technologies. Also, there are presented the most advanced research on optimal construction of equipment for soil processing in conservation system

CONSIDERATIONS ON PLANTS AND TECHNIQUES FOR OBTAINING BIO INSECTICIDES USED IN ORGANIC FARMING

The paper presents a few aspects regarding the development of organic agriculture in our country and abroad in the last years, the plants containing substances that can be used as organic insecticide, respectively the techniques and procedures used for obtaining these insecticides

RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CONSERVATIVE TECHNOLOGY, USING OPTIMIZED ACTIVE BODIES FOR SOIL TILLAGE

Conservative agriculture has grown particularly in developed countries over the past20 years, due to intensive use of soils to obtain higher yields, by means of the processing works, maintenance, herbicides, etc. (even several times during a year), which in time led to the degradation and destruction of the structure and properties of soils. In this context, this paper presents the research conducted in order to develop a conservative technology based on optimized active bodies for soil tillage, to be mounted on a complex aggregate, in order to reduce wear, deformation and increase its lifetime

ETHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING FUEL CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION NORMS (WORKING CAPACITY) BY POWER CLASSES, DEPENDING ON THE AGRICULTURAL WORK IN HILLY AREAS

The paper presents the results of researches conducted for determining a frame methodology for estimating fuel consumption and production norms, at national level, depending on the existing power sources, their power classes correlated with the existing surfaces at farmers and the agricultural works that need to be conducted in hilly areas in Romania, for the works of ploughing, harrowing and preparing the seedbed with rotating harrows.